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ZX Format #05
11 декабря 1996 |
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Iron - KAY: ZX Spectrum Ttransformer.
TRANSFORMER: I make mention of the future.
/ Conceptual design /
music by DNK
(C) Nemo.
_________________________________________
"Sure, you repeatedly
or questions asked:
Why do we need math? not
Are all these thin
construction, which we complete
draw completely from my mind
artificial fruit of our
whim?
I need to distinguish
between people that define similar
questions have. People are
require us to just how
gain money. These people do not zas
luzhivayut answers. Rather, the following
mended to them srosit, which
they accumulate their wealth
and whether you want to spend time on their
acquisition and neglect
art and science, which
only make our spirit FPIC
bym enjoy
... et propter vitam vivendi
perderme causam. "
... and for the sake of preserving life
lose its meaning
(Latin, from Juvenal)
Henri Poincare, 1905.
What is offered to your attention -
is the fruit of fantasy professional who
Sometimes, too, want to soar to the empyrean,
kotorvy but has no right to Manilovism
which so willingly committed USER'a.
However, this publication aims and completely utilitarian
purpose. According to the statement in the bowels of some
Spectrum-firms mature regular monsters the birth of which
platform can no longer endure. The very possibility of
TRANSFORMERA (TR-R'a more) sober for many. Generally composed
vpechatlnie that time to try to start doing jazz together. Even
if someone can translate and the proposed concept of a real
hardware alone will not be able to establish marketing. Without
running this contraption will be the same mountain of trash -
another monster. Recently an IBM-ka, after reading B. Viana, I
said: "I'll spit on your grave." It is possible that and will,
if learn to work together - Corporate.
___________
Conceptual ring transformer
(TR-R'a)
The concept is CPU Z80180.
The use of such a processor can
solve many problems of development hard'a.
Technological aspect.
Excess of technological capabilities, it is the inevitable
consequence of the direct capacity of architecture typical
circuit design tools, usually leads to the creation of
monsters. However, at current levels of production,
infrastructure platform and price restrictions on the use of
planar components and SLIMM-elements in Spectrum'e unrealistic.
Application of the same PAL'ov, PT'shek and custom
LSI is also very disappointing. Performance placer TTL is the
limit, even with the application of high-quality circuitry and
series 1533/531/1531.
CPU Z80180 concentrates the lion's share
architecture in itself, "in one bottle, so to speak, thereby
reducing the requirements for the technology and the complexity
of mother board circuitry of the frame. Can globally to develop
and improve the architecture, in addition to this, and
reliability.
Entry standards for architecture and
software.
Hitherto in the dark thoughts
Developer quite reminiscent of Brownian motion. No conscious
direction, no tangible results.
To have any appreciable advantage hardware and support for
programmers failed to anybody. Software, how to create, and
created by the greatest common denominator - the architecture
of the Amstrad-128 + Beta-disk. Indeed, and what a joy to write
programs for architectural excesses that sokl adept, equally
and original? Anyway, nA 90% of other
Spectum-clones will not work. There was even a special term -
transitive software compatibility, which has declined steadily
over several years and is now barely 70%. (Remember, that the
line software compatibility is supported by manufacturers to
level of 90-95%).
CPU Z80180 can partly solve the
this problem. Since the internal-architecture alive immured in
the CPU, then the able pens, no matter how playful they are, to
She did not get. This means that if
Architecture-180 is implemented, then it is implemented in a
unique way. To describe architecture is enough references to
those. Conditions firm ZILOG. Want-not, and obey the standard.
This means that standard is not only possible, but (at
implementation) is inevitable.
The dynamics of development.
1) Input ISDOS. Inaccessibility of information
on the CPU does not allow users to immediately
zadeystovovat all available capacity.
Apparently, the first actively to use standard software for
Sp-128 and subset-80 architecture 180. Situation
would be curious in the sense that the use of programs under
ISDOS'om will significantly improve the characteristics of the
software on subset of-80 (unless, of course, the OS itself
will use all resources)
2) CPU speed makes it easy to get the frequencies that are
multiples of PAL at the third harmonic. And this is a real
PAL-coder. (By at least planned to break the deadlock,
associated with connecting TV: still
Spectrum is not the full consumer cost, because requires a
special intervention in TV the purchase and installation of PC
operation) 3) The escalation of power: 180/181/182
Note that all of this again in one
vial.
181 = 180 + built-in modem
182 = 181 + bus adapter to IBM.
This means that the 180-arhtektura is not a dead-end
destination for Spectrum'a.
Outline of the external-architecture TR-R'a.
Manager RAM.
In order to ensure ownership TR-R'a, as the Spectrum-clone
platform, you must at least implement the architecture of the
Amstrad-128. This will be rossyp.S terms of standardization is
the most dangerous, because Here are possible options. Subtlety
is to ensure that if not simultaneously, then the alternate
khotyaby work paging controller Sp-128 and
MMU (see Annex - the heart of TR-R'a) The most acceptable from
the standpoint of the author, is its on version, in which:
A19 + A18 + A17 + A16 = 0 => Manager, Sp-128,
only.
A19 + A18 + A17 + A16 = 1 => MMU, only.
This is somewhat impoverished opportunities
programmer, but the current state of the machine is easily
computed - using MMU - on its registers. It is also simplifies
external-arhitektutu (read - circuitry) and makes the display
memory easily computed. When using
MMU-only memory is transformed into an ordered set of dimension
one. Moment also essential for the control of the
program-USER'a by OS (Version of "The Catcher in the Rye") and
effective raborty channel DMA (see appendix) - as become
possible transfer blocks bolshii than 16-to page.
The memory manager Rom.
ROM memory manager can also be
performed differently. One of the options
for example, 128 to the ROM.
ROM A15 + A16 = 0
A18 = 1 additional 64k
A18 = 0 standard 64k
Memory loss may be compensated for switching bit "RAM / ROM.
Character screen.
I am afraid that any tips are not
appropriate due to their transformation into an empty sound. I
note however that the initiative will be punished in the sense
that the driver under the OS will have to write yourself.
Potential characteristics of the TR-R'a.
Well, finally, and dessert.
Performance in the RAM / ROM, up to 4 times
additional acceleration of the block with garfikoy (for up to 2
times by DMA, relative PUSH /
POP)
The physical memory that is supported by internal-arch-1M
Texture
The number of windows simultaneously disclosed in the logical
address space 2 pcs. (T.e.64k) with discrete 4k
Hardware multiplication with a single command
B * B-> 2 bytes
Real-time, 2-a timer with an accuracy
interrupt (if Ftakt .= 14MHz) to 1.5 microseconds.
Orientirovachnaya price fee 400 + -50 TR
Dimensions (3-slot design, without Betaturbo) ў3.5 dm ¤
Conclusion.
or
Let's return to earth.
180 processor on the spirit can not tolerate undocumented
commands: Initiates Non-maskable preyvanie similar RST0, ie he
just spits them with program. (My thanks and
firmly shake his hand to all those who use them).
Bank with the internal-port all the time tangle underfoot and
overlaps with some ports TR-DOS. Processor to initiate a
special program for hardware reset. However, empirically
established, that just software compatibility
(Decomposition into direct and transitive components is
inadequate for architecture-180) is about 60ў5%. (Without any
tricks)
Well, the last. Do not want to play the hypocrite and say
that the subject is closed, but prospects for more than vague.
Problem especially in the establishment and running sbyte.Chto
same As for performance, then it is equivalent to
something average between 286 and 386 machines. (Given the very
high efficiency and code density Spectrum-SW) theory, such a
machine capable of going even professional applications.
_________________________________________
app
Heart of TR-R'a.
(Brief summary on the z180)
clock frequency ... up to 33MHz
Interrupt controller 8 levels
Seven additional teams.
Internal-architecture.
1. MMU block - the memory manager.
Explanation: MMU is managed through three
inland port read / write. It formed a cunning internal batch of
16 bit address and the contents of those same ports. Formed
20-Tb external signals / O addresses to physical memory. Where
the space can be 1Mbayt display two plots on two pieces of a
logical space. Upper shred
glued to the upper boundary of the log. Memory
(# FFFF), the average scrap glued to vehnemu. What remains from
the bottom, the bottom shred has always adhered to (# 0000) of
lower border. Thus, between the bits of a
logical space is always two boundaries and can be set up to 4
Kbytes. Lots of physical memory, which
fall on these patches can be arranged at random (with an
accuracy as Up to 4 Kbytes, but the physical
space) and may even run into each
on the other. At the bottom is my canvas (if it
exists, ie not a zero-length) is always
rests beginning of physical memory.
2) DMA - Direct access channels - 2 pieces.
Explanation: DMA - these are special pumps for fast transfer of
data between areas of memory or the memory port (there
and vice versa). Because bus for their own internal CPU Z80 and
DMA channels general then when running DMA, the internal CPU a
rest, or, at hudy end, the internal CPU alternate their work
with the channel DMA. On retrieval of data and transmit them
on purpose going on three steps, ie
a total of six cycles (unless, of course, not
included the brakes on WAIT). Ports, DMA control, and 20-bit,
so nasosiki can work directly in the physical memory.
3) 16-bit timers - 2 pieces.
Timers can generate interrupts.
4) UART - Asynchronous Receiver Transmitters
- 2 pieces
Able to generate an interrupt. As their
adapted for the Spectrum, yet not obvious. There are lots of
options, but This universality is lost.
5) SIO - serial clocked
Port - 1 piece.
Architectural chandelier appointment until
not obvious. Of course, you can tuck
klaviatutu here, but it will work
only in the OS.
6) Built-in clock.
This means that to run the machines to work for her to simply
added and quartz. 7) Z80 (Or rather, something resembling a Z80)
No comment: comments would be
too long.
Inland ports are addressed specifically
introduced for this additional commands that are most
significant byte port address is always kept at 0. Because
zero-byte address is formed by itself and when the normal
commands, the internal ports are under the constant threat of
accidental exposure - in this case tarakanchik catch a bug.
Several promising opportunity otfutbolit this jar (the size of
the array ports 64) in three different places of the whole
space internal-port 256-size.
All of these architectural treasures are merged into
one vial, ie, it's just chip
(Prices, however, is not small - 60 tons - about $ 12)
housing can be a 64 pin DIP, ie as
ordinary Z80, but longer, either 68pin PLICC:
stretched square with small cockroach legs bent under him (with
a step 0.05 inches = 1.27 mm) - without the use of
sockets can not.
___________
Necessary comments.
What is required of you? Somehow decide on the matter. The
question really Mephistophelean: "Do you want to get
eternal life in exchange for the soul. "
In technical terms, it looks
as follows: "Are you
so much like the real unlimited development and improvement -
that agree to donate a soul Spectruma
- Part of his classic software "should pay for everything ...
The point is, in fact, that
TRANSFORMER not Spectrum - a clone. The architecture is called
a clone of the platform if it can be projected onto the platform
Coefficient with direct application compatibility (CPPS) is not
less than 0,8. There is only 0.6. I think in the long and
laborious reziltate rabory the platform (no single company such
work can not) be achieved CPPS is not more than 0,7. Ie TR-R -
it is strongly overlapping, but still adjacent architecture,
not a clone - and as such it will remain so.
On the impact and severity of changes in the platform of
such an event comparable to razve that with the introduction of
TR-DOS in 90-92 years. But now he TR-DOS will have to send
in the garden.
On the other hand, for a start, it is necessary
produce cars with CPPS 0.6 there's no getting around it.
***
For those who want more detail see the Z-180 firms (C) Nemo
may be sent (in the usual way) a set of literature (in English)
on the Z-180: 1. Z-180 / MPU / Data book / Zilog
2. Z-180 / MPU / User's manual / Zilog
as, however, and the processors.
In conclusion, I would like to express
thanks for providing the necessary information and literature
and literature distributors firm Zilog in St. Petersburg firm
"Gamma". Of course, not to mention that in the "Gamma" is
always the old good Z80, straight from the tin and absolutely
zero (on average - the market price) and the literature on the
Z80 (again, as in English). Find AO "Gamma" by the following
address: metro station Pl.Muzhestva Str. Polytechnique 22. tel.
247-54-73 10-14, 15-17.
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