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ZX Format #05
11 декабря 1996 |
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Programmers - adventure: a sensible approach to passing.
ADVENTURE: A REASONABLE APPROACH TO PASS
music by DNK
(C) 1996 Alex ASP
_________________________________________
1. Introduction
To begin with, perhaps, explain what will be discussed at
all, so Amateur dizzeobraznyh games will not be assailed
author of rotten eggs, and immediately could
return to the so common for them to forty-eight subjects of the
consumer or whatever they have coming. Thus, when downloading
the game, you saw a bunch of text (with crooked pictures), and
even from You need something to enter with Claudia on
anglitskom, usually after obscene language 'What now?', '>',
'*' And the like, can safely reap Super Magic Button or 'a
combination of three fingers' (Ctrl + Alt + Del), which, in
essence, one and However, finally understanding what a
is Adventure-toy.
Now you can talk about spelling.
Because with the fact that the author - a man quite lazy, and
it just breaks the switch unnecessarily to the aforementioned
anglitsky by clapping on two keys, it just enters the Russian
equivalent of the word Adventure. In fact, Indeed, this word
is: "Adventure", and translates as "adventure", but to say
"adventure game" broke, it seems, not only the author but to
all, and the term "Adventure", it seems, no one was pinned.
And then a good "Inforkom" suggested: "And let's obzovem whole
thing little word "Adventyura! After a steep little word, eh? "
And it was from that time and started by anyone who is not
laziness, call Toys of this kind
clumsy word. Well, once so led, then the author will use this
freak as equivalent.
Now let's talk a little about what
There are adventyury because adventyura adventyure
discord. So, we divide them into two parts: written by various
awkward, but still working packages
and written without them. In turn,
packet divided by names package, in whom they were created, and
bezpaketnye divided by language writing. Among packages are the
most common (separated by semicolons) Adventure Builder System
(ABS and its derivative Russified); Graphic Adventure Creator
(aka GAC); Quill, Patch, Illustrator (QPI).
Among bespaketnyh distributed written in BASIC'e (both using
mashkoda, and without it (this can also be related ABS)), the
other languages of high (Hmm?) Level, for example, Laser
BASIC'e (Honestly admit that I saw only one
such a little thing), as well as the language of low-
level, ie Assembler'e (or mashkode -
Who you like more). It is interesting to note that the quality
of the game, its complexity and interesting (sorry) back
proportional to the level of language, which it is written.
There are several parameters that can be divided adventyury:
Graphics / without requiring at least 128K/ne having these
claims, with accompanied by the music / general mute, as well as
years of production, or producers, but not
it will be paramount.
And it is precisely at this moment it is a time when you can
explain to the reader weary of what comes next will narration.
And will talk about how to help yourself most, if adventyura
rests and does not want to split. Somehow this story will help
to crack (the author himself in such the game is not played as
follows principle that if something is good, then it
you can always make things worse, and willing
to do it always with the interest there).
And finally, the last paragraph. The author would be happy
to see any feedback on the work, comments, corrections, ext.
information and so on. For communication you can use the
magazine ZX-FORMAT (address can be found somewhere inside the
magazine), as well as possible go (on foot, better not run down
- is not constructive it) in person at the author's
E-mail:
SAB94174@D1.IFMO.RU
P.S. A few words about the shadow screen sewn
in Scorp. The author is interesting, for whatever reasons, the
creators of Scorp'a cut off the entrance to the Monitor of
BASIC'a and TR-DOS. Perhaps Author outdated firmware (firmware
or ROM's - not known). Some readers, apparently, will have to
monitor use of shadow, and face the same problem, and therefore
the author dared to suggest to them underwritten way to the
entrance of BASIC'a the monitor. At the command prompt, type:
POKE 16384,195: POKE 16385,0: POKE 16386,
64: POKE 16387,201: RANDOMIZE USR 16384
or in translation
16384 JP 16384
16387 RET
For those who do not understand, explain: the program starts at
address 16384 and executes the command to move the prescriptive
at 16384 and execute commands on it (and there is a jump at
16384, which contains a jump ...). After running this
programmki same time push Magic Button (not to be confused with
SMB, on which was written above) and was happy to fall out of
shadow monitor. Why at 16,387 is a team back, you ask. A
then that, if necessary, be able to
fall out again in my homeland is not BASIC perekapyvaya bunch
mashkoda in search command return. It does this by tamping
two lines at a command prompt screen:
PC = 16,387
EXIT
and pressing '0 'means a return
in the program. Maybe it all and perversion, but it is one of
the possible approaches to solving problems. On this site
allow me to take leave, and if the author does not
will beat the end of the insolent goblins, then
next time and start a serious conversation about adventyurah,
and in particular - on their vocabulary.
ZF> A few words about the more simple
method call shadow businesses:
POKE 16384,243: POKE 16385,118: POKE
16386,251: POKE 16387,201: RANDOMIZE USR
16384
which in turn means:
DI
HALT
EI
RET
And you do not need to reinstall
PC, a shadow businesses to exit rather
just type J.
2. Dictionary.
It is time to talk about language
problems. One can argue, what
language is better - Russian or English. The author of the
opinion that any product is best read in the original, so about
all sorts of Russification can only observe, they say, the
third grade - not marriage. However, in the Russian version
games, and in English very often rises
question: what program can understand
from the fact that she say? And anyway, what you need to tell
the program to complete the game Next? Knowledge of one
language byvat little. For example, several years ago, playing
into play Robin of Sherlock, I was quite
surprised that, firstly, it was necessary
call Lestrade, about the existence of which the creators have
forgotten to notify the players, and, secondly, those
that in order to implement the above actions, needed a team
Redial, which means to call back, rather than Dial, meaning
simply call. To eliminate such calving and useful review
vocabulary games.
There are several storage formats of dictionaries.
Hereinafter be described some of them (the ones used in
igrushah, lying by the author somewhere in the box with the
discs). Completely at the end will be given small
applets that are picking in the intestines
toys, pull out into the light of what
question has been about half of kilobytes. Well, it is time to
enter into this Hell evil goddess Ventyury.
2.1 Packet game.
2.1.1 ABS
And what do you actually have expected
see here? This is a very simple package,
where the input data (dictionary, etc.) and
for the game itself is used BASIC, than
is caused by the inconvenience of writing, small size
(locations, memory, she takes a lot of disgusting), brake in
obtaining not only mashkodovogo block, but when the game
itself, and a bunch of other censures. This package is a couple
of years ago to use Russian programmers, flooding country of
production is very doubtful (in mostly) quality, for which many
thanks to all say the same Inforkom, who managed to dig it
miracle from the landfill, it Russified and released. The
toolkit can be found in ZX-Review (in my opinion, "Review"
would have sounded much better and more would be consistent with
word Review) NN 9-12 1993 and Spectrofon N 1 (data are from
memory).
Let us return to our sheep (I do not about
Inforkome). The package is used the most
simple format for storing the dictionary description
which now follow.
Format N 1.
Each word vocabulary begins with the first, as a rule,
four-letter word. Instead of the four can be any other
number of letters, for example, five or three, but
typically use just four. Then
followed by the number of words in the dictionary, after which
- the first four letters of the following words, etc. If the
word length is less than required to detect the number of
letters (In this case less than four), and this
happens when you use abbreviations such as
E instead of the EAST, then the remaining space is seeking a
space (to be E and the three spaces) or zeros.
The games begins with the dictionary address
recorded in the cells of 64,860 / 1. Met, however, toy Last
Rider, which based on the ABS, but the package has been
finalized, so the program will recognize two, but three words.
In this game beginning of the dictionary is stored in
65297 / 8. Before searching the dictionary is recommended to
switch to the font used in this program, especially when
scrolling through the dictionary Russian toys.
2.1.2 QPI.
This package will be more serious than the previous one. The
toolkit author did not get to see, so that this package is, the
author can be judged only on toys, written in this package.
Want Note that most batch of toys lying on the disc were written
it is in QPI, among them a fair amount of occupied parodies
other famous adventyurnye game. The package used
the following format for storing the dictionary:
Format N 2.
This format is a modification
previous format, which consists in the fact
that the words themselves are encoded. When encoding use the
CPL, which inverts all bits of accumulator, ie,
does the same thing as a team
XOR # FF.
There are two addresses, which can contain data about the
beginning of the dictionary. In most old toys (Hotel 'Africa
Gardens'; Hampstead) they are in cells
27937 / 8, and in more recent - in the cells
27557 / 8.
2.1.3 GAC
This package is quite well known
our people as vysheopuschenny ABS.
Information about him can be found
somewhere in the vicinity Cpektrofona N 10, the author
also worked with the cassette version, dug in the same place
and ABS. Despite the identical position detection, it gives
much more optimizma a brighter future Batch
adventyuroproizvodizma than its less fortunate colleagues.
Perhaps he is on one level with QPI. Dictionary also stored as
follows:
Format N 3.
First comes the floor completely. Then
word ends and after him
is his number. After that, everything is repeated. Encoding is
absent.
These data were obtained when working with
attached example the game and can be
quite different in other toys, of which the author to see to
this day has not yet happened, okromya Apollo, but about her
need to a special subject. Despite the above-mentioned
dictionary format, the program responds positively to the
reduction of three letters (both should be ashamed, do not
think that!).
2.2 Bespaketnye game.
It is time to consider those products
authors, who said: "We'll go the other way." No sooner said
than done, and soon there are wonderful toys to list the author
will not be (who are behind it will be grateful to him?), but
rather will he describing storage formats of dictionaries in
these toys, sorting them by producers.
2.2.1 Adventure Soft
Here we use the familiar
Format N 1 (Rebel Planet). Comments
superfluous.
2.2.2 Adventure International
Dictionary of the toys from this company has
a couple of different storage formats, but to
Fortunately, it is not coded.
Format N 4.
First comes the word identifier, which occupies one byte. If
it is 0, then word, which will be followed will be
new word, and if it is equal to 42 (# 2A)
then following it word is synonymous with the previous one.
Followed by the first four letters of the word, after which it
repeats.
Such an encoding format used in
old toys (Hulk). Realizing, perhaps,
that as a result of such encoding dictionary
quite unnecessary costs extra bytes at each word, the
programmers cast away their favorite toys were not to sleep at
night and finally figured out how to save flee before a hundred
or bytes. So, apparently, and appeared sleduyuuschy format.
Format N 5.
At first, go first four letters of the word. If the first
letter - capital letters in Latin, the word new, as if it is a
capital, this word is synonymous with the previous one. The
remaining three letters - capital. Following are the four
letters the next word, obeying the same
rule, etc.
Such a format for storing a dictionary used in later games
(Robin of Sherwood, Seas of Blood). Dictionary of them
begins with the next line of characters:
"AUTOgO". If you decide to find yourself a dictionary, then we
can recommend to look for it top of the line.
2.2.3 Mastertronic.
For a long time the author believed that this
firm produces only toys, which are forced to play sentenced to
capital punishment (well on this
expressed about the Robin of Sherlock).
But there has got (lsya / elk) at eye ZZZZ,
and that this toy has denied the above-mentioned idea of this
company. The storage format of a dictionary - N 5.
Format N 6.
Something that resembles the previous format. Initially,
three capital letters of the first words, then three uppercase
letters of the second etc.
2.2.4 Ocean.
Highly respected author of the firm, has created plenty of
good Action toys put her hand to adventyuram and it was a
It is not bad at all. For storing the dictionary format was
used with three N 1 the first letters of words (Neverending
Story).
2.2.5 Abstract Concepts.
The concept of this company is really abstract, a kind of
perverted. If you look a toy with the naked eye, as seen
Mindfighter, it creates navorotnosti impression. In reality,
all is not as difficult as it might be, and the storage format
of the dictionary, in my opinion, suffers some redundancy.
Format N 7.
The dictionary is encoded as a colleague
No. 2, ie Use the command
CPL. From the beginning, found the first five letters of the
word. Behind them is byte, whose value indicates the number of
words in the group. After him comes another
byte indicates the number of groups to which
belongs to a given word. When the length of
less than five bytes, the remaining space becomes clogged gaps
that in a coded form corresponds to the number 233. Synonyms
have the same serial numbers and group numbers. Groups have the
following numbers:
0. Verbs
1. Not used
2. Nouns
3. Adjectives
4. Adverbs, prepositions and other vermin
5. Unions
6. Pronouns
About Group 4, 5 and 6 say anything
difficult, but, like, priemuschestvennoe
precisely this distinction.
The dictionary begins at address 38433 in the
files MindFX.A, where X = {0 .. 3}.
2.2.6 Level 9.
It seems that the motto of this company was saying the
following lines: "Never make it easier is that can and should
do much harder. " It is this principle adhered to the firm in
all its programs. On most firm was written somewhere in the
unchanged ZX-Revue, if not mistaken, in 1994. No
decent English language skills in
these toys do virtually nothing to
but without a decent knowledge Assembler'a - there is nothing
in them, and poking around. In most cases and that, and another
is just waste of time in the absence of presence or in the
presence of absence vysheogovorennyh knowledge. But with the
knowledge the first, or even better, and second, are guaranteed
a fair amount of golovodrobitelnyh, not just puzzling problems.
However, it is - digression. It is time to talk about the
dictionary. Here lurk in several formats,
therefore we consider them according to the established rules.
To warm up the firm used the third format (Emerald
Isle). The program of Red Moon has been used a slightly
different format, and Owned by the above described format of N
3. And then we got to the most tricked out storage format
Data from all he had seen earlier. This perversion has been
unearthed in the program of The Worm in Paradise.
Format N 8.
Frankly, I do not completely
figured out how and what is happening there, then
have figured out, but how does this translate into
something simple to BASIC'e or Assembler'e I still do not
understand. Therefore, I can not describe it explicitly here,
but not to torment you with my 'kind of like'
bring aaplet, allowing the lucky owner of the shadow screen
view somehow this dictionary.
2.3 What to do ...?
I wrote this whole Labuda and thought,
whom all of this, strictly speaking, need it?
Sat down and thought about it and really like it all
This text Zaksor and diskette after
rasformatirovat him, but at the last moment, when the arm is
hung above the Home button, got the idea that
Suddenly one day I will not forgive.
And so it remained above thoughts in
this article. In reality, the moral of this text is not in
them, and what it is. Assume the following situation: Unknown
from among the order podnadoevshih hodilok-sobiralok, mochilok
and other residual products of waste-free production there is
one single sirotinushka - adventyurka. Deciding that do
absolutely nothing, you throw into the battle and, after about
half of the toys are aware that on a solid run breakup. What
do? Your options
(Underline):
a) Rasformatirovat disk and forget about this
adventyure as a nightmare.
b) Find the clever uncle who is either an
leads you to action rather than a), or you
tell her to go further.
c) If you can not perform the first
two actions will have to dig about
gram itself.
Assume also that the proposed
selected third paragraph. To begin
pay attention to the file structure
program. If at first sight striking abnormally huge length
BASIC-file, it ABS'ovskoe or offspring, or at least a terrible
thing, the logic is written in BASIC'e, or monoblokovy loader.
In the first two cases, we suggest you read the code
blocks of these monsters by any Viewer.
If there is not anything like a dictionary,
then get ready to search for a BASIC'e. In
case with monoblokovym loader is obmaterit (thinking) of those
bourgeois, who feel sorry for too much half-empty sector on the
disk, and then will have to either break loader and debris
attached to the form of files, if you show any Viewer gives
nothing, and the breaking of such requires some knowledge
Assembler'a, either acquire the shadow screen and poke around
in the bowels continue. By the way, before than to climb inside
any adventyury, first look viewerom codes - it saves time and
nerves.
Pay attention to the firm performing the experimental
animals and your look at this short article - maybe you're
lucky and you will find this firm (or package) among
above. Well, if you're lucky yet
more, the same format as described here, will coincide with the
format in your game.
In the presence of the shadow can monitor
little fun. There are such progonschiki which encodes downloads
data immediately after loading, which occurs quite often,
either at boot time, which is rarer and, like, only on tape. In
this case, wait until as long as the toy begins to operate,
and then, with cries of joy Hit favorite
Magic Button, and if some weirdo does not come up with you to
break off this affair, zaSchITschaya his boot with the regular
limping polzukoy full megafutskov, give the team mem ranging
from 25000 to step 1000. The right will see what's inside cells
in a symbolic form. Moving this Makarov, you either come across
a dictionary and maybe a text message, or
will have to climb even more.
If you are lucky enough to half-kick
find the dictionary, we can congratulate you on
good luck. Others can also sympathize with and offer to check on
using the format N 2 or N 7.
For the format of N 2 can be used
program from the following:
10 FOR N = 256 * PEEK 64861 + PEEK 64860 TO
64000 STEP 5: PRINT PEEK (N +4); TAB 4:
FOR M = N TO N +3: PRINT CHR $ (255-PEEK
M);: NEXT M: PRINT: NEXT N
Well, if someone wants to delve into
MindFighter'a brains, or see Format N 7, we recommend the
following distortion:
10 FOR A = 0 TO 6: PRINT '"Group"; A'': FOR
N = 38433 TO 65535 STEP 7: IF PEEK
(N +6) = A THEN PRINT PEEK (N +5); TAB 7:
FOR B = N TO N +4: PRINT CHR $ (255-PEEK
B);: NEXT B: PRINT
20 IF PEEK (N +7) = 0 THEN GOTO 1940
30 NEXT N
40 NEXT A
One can assume the existence of a format similar to N 2 -
Use of encoding XOR # NN. In this case, can again browse the
entire memory following applets, though the that appears highly
skeptical (in increments of 1000, as in the case with the
shadow monitor):
10 LET T = 40000: LET A = 1: POKE T +3, A:
INPUT L: FOR N = L TO 65535: POKE T +1,
PEEK N: RANDOMIZE USR T: NEXT N
Here, T - the address of the protsedurki
in mashkode (you can change, but do not forget zapoukat mashkod
right place, to which equated T), A - code ksorirovaniya,
and the procedure is as follows:
62, 0, 238, 0, 215, 201 or
T LD A, 0
XOR 0
RST # 10
RET
(Purposely not cite programmok completely written in mashkode
order not to discourage users - for them the same, dear, try,
and then look for them later ...)
Typing all this, do RUN. Next
Scroll memory. Given nothing - me And again - RUN. I repeat
that this nedoformat - my izmyshlizmy, I myself have it
I had never seen, but suddenly? ..
And now will be given the promised Nose Picker Format for N
8. To get started, download the toy as intended (the phrase I I
saw in a single statement to Art Studio, and I immediately
raised the question: how do put it?). When the game starts and
will bring you the first What now?, Click MB. By safe arrival
in the shadow monitor let's team mem # EAA0 and then enter
the following line:. # CD, # C0, # FF. Translating
in normal language - CALL # FFC0, where
accommodate our programm. Give the team mem # FFC0 and type the
following lines:
. # E5, # 21, # 43, # E6, # 7E, # FE, 0, # 28, 6
. # CD, # 3C, # F0, # 23, # 18, # F5, # 3E, # 20
. # CD, # 3C, # F0, # E1, # C9
which means:
PUSH HL; memorize HL
LD HL, # E643; in HL - beginning of the buffer,
, Where the word is stored, you
; Taschennoe program for
, Comparing with the fact that
; You entered on What now?
L1 LD A, (HL); in the ACC. - The contents of HL
CP # 0; check at the end of words
; Islands
JR Z, L2; If the end - go
; On L2
CALL # F03C; Call Subroutine ne
; Chati symbol
INC HL; Increments
; HL, to read
; Next letter
JR L1; And start all over again
L2 LD A, # 20, the Court, we find ourselves, if
And the word is finished. In
, ACC. - The code space
CALL # F03C; Print the spacebar to
; Words are not merged
POP HL; Restore HL
RET; return to the program
, Th
Now exit the screen and enter
any word. In response to our programm will print the words with
which the main program checks the word. The program is crafty
parser, so you'll have a little work, To view the entire
vocabulary. There are bugs from the program printed. But it is
still better than nothing.
Here, it would seem, could put an end, but I will say a
couple words. Firstly, here we consider not all the variety of
storage formats of dictionaries and but only that I lie under
the hand. If someone has something lying around
undescribed from me, and he can not understand myself, do not
send me megafutski and better (if not broke), this very program
from. You'll see, something about this mess and poyavitsyav
next ZF. Can themselves send a description of the format. For I
- freebie for you in these two cases - personal thanks right
here if they themselves will not be a freebie. And I'm so
time something so workout. So
expect that the fact I do not know what yes and
prodolzhenitsa - this time about storage
texts. This is very optimistic
note, allow me to finish our conversation.
If you're lucky, you'll meet again.
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