Likbez - Batteries. Practical application of various types.

<b>Likbez</b> - Batteries. Practical application of various types.

        Practical application


   A huge number of sotikov recently
time and their progress "thrown" on the market
set of rechargeable batteries Ni-MH and Li-ion Ti
pov.Tsena to them varies, and slightly decreases
em, especially on those models, which sotiki
out of fashion. Personally, I use Ni-MH
battery size "AAA" for the razor, in
which died a couple outside the box-hull
Ni-Cd. Had little to alter the scheme
to be fit. A container (took most
cost) was twice the size of original
nyh.Tyanut good (and the load order of the order
dka 1 A - maximum), but time will tell their
reliability, I still can not say anything
(Razor uncle). I have a player SONY ago
there are two GP "AA" 1500 mAh hours and good
Shaw work, but not so good draw last
vremya.Otchasti due to accidental short-circuit one
battery, and partly due to the long ex
exploitation (though I'm relatively infrequent use
zuyus player and charge the batteries at least
30). I noted an error in the change
Efficiency at discharge, it is typical in such ak
kumulyatoram, but in the beginning of the operation they
squander more by working more efficiently.
Apparently, some manufacturers specifications
On overstate ...

   As is known, to remove the effects of PA
myati should periodically cycle
full discharge before charging, and sotikah
There are even relevant modes in the menu.
But if the battery is worn out, it will not help
(Him and defuse normally do not succeed, due to higher internal 
resistance). In general, judging by the market, NiMH batteries, 
and falsified, and marriage in large number

honors, it's hard to say how much it will stretch
(Even if just works well). Although Ro
dnye batteries (included with phone
Native assembly) rarely fail.

   If the batteries are "round" standard
withstand high currents, the 9-volt
(This is normal) were calculated on a weak naked
manual ultrasonic inspection, are well suited to the testers, 
and not to receivers. I use MINAMOTO and nevyso

one opinion about them. Battery is noticeably under
lost capacity, barely keep himself okupiv.Ya
use it (yet no batteries to
bathing), but now he reminds the battery,
podzaryadili.Rabotaet which, of course, DOLE
above, such as batteries, and not sdyhaet, but
capacity is low.

   About our - disc - a special subject.
They are really reliable and good for
weak currents (if they have not rejected
technology). Divide the capacity by 10 and
Do not exceed this current - everything will be OK, and
no memory effects (weak manifestation
tion). Maximum - double the current, but it is noticeable
be exceeded will wear the battery.
That a shame that we have going on with the use of
transform D 0.26 in rechargeable flashlights Tee
pa "FoDiK" says illiteracy obsches
Twa and the backwardness of the country on progress in the chain
scrap. You can also mention made
by Dick Chargers (fingers
curves batteries "AA"), which quickly you
go down and sometimes kill accumulators
tori (sdyhayut overheating hundred thin
bilitrony, sometimes closing the circuit - accumulators
Torr). After all, it is clear that overload, but specialist
flax scheme so doing. Sufficiently fast
vit instead of zener our stabistorov
2S119, to avoid problems.

   In cell batteries, in theory, power
sequence must be good, but should not be
rely on the current more than 0.5 - 1 ampere.
And the error to charge the battery (no Li)
big shock - it wears its vsleds
tvie big losses. And Li should be from
large current to protect ... Having bought on the cheap
defective battery (I mean, not
for use in sotike) should be considered
read on "soft" operation and currents
several hundred mA (max). Of course,
necessary to protect the battery from overcharging, even though
would be a simple restriction of its EMF. If ak
kumulyator to squander a good emf
normal load (200 mA) over
0.2 volts, it is unlikely that it will work
well and most likely worn out, or marriage.
This, even at low currents can not give
its capacity.

   Want to talk big? Take a few
batteries and connect in parallel, but
pre-discharge to the same
voltage (the difference between the maximum - one hundredth 
volt). Do not use very thin wire in avoid stray currents and 
increase in losses. In this case, you win and power

and capacity, and reliability of supply in
Overall, due to "duplication" of parallel
inclusion.

   Take the batteries without guarantees - for
market on the cheap - you can only with great
caution. Should inquire about the asking
scrap and do not expect the best. Of course,
should immediately check the battery der
contains strain (tester and a resistor with me?).
Take Li dead batteries and costs more
than 10 rubles doubtful. Someone takes
because the original case - rearranged
- But the practical value is
key, and he may be damaged. Finite
but, you must immediately check - there is tension
(Defective or broken key) or not (Correctional
veins in the cliff, the battery was dead). But, as
Typically, the key is defective, and the battery is not
holding capacity and / or heavy load. 10
rubles - not a bad price for a key, given the
its good performance and portability,
yes and recharge the battery memory Sing
children, the capacity is certainly remained a significant
Nye, and the battery is very compact.
Useful and thermistor, but it is not always
happens.


              Use Li


   Suppose you decide to power up anything from
this - the healthy! - Rechargeable battery.

   Firstly, if the load does not exceed
hundreds of mA, and estimated time / capacity
suits you, it makes no sense to disassemble Accu
mulyator and rip out his scheme of control
of (unless, of course, she is not needed) -
because it is ready to protect, is controlled by
horns of the charging and discharging. But it must
remember to turn off the scheme at a
ryade.Pri the voltage source charging
yuschego current will grow to load values
of, as this may damage the fed circuit
or the key of the battery (if, for
measure, charging from the mains through rezyuk and diode).
The charge of weak current can be limited stabilization
litronom (corresponding capacity by 4.7
B), which has its parallel with the battery,
but we must remember the heating and heat dissipation.
With a powerful charge to modernize sa
can Charger - limiting it to
open circuit voltage, even if the dispersal
heat (it is assumed that this will occur
walk away from the battery). Either
have their own city - outside - the key to
triggerom.Konechno, in the latter case it is easier
get into the battery and connect directly
rectly to it (the protection circuit itself is bounded
restrict ourselves to charge through the external contacts), but
any careless closure will fata
lnym, in addition, circuit disconnection in accumulator
oscillator are the general advantage, and that disordered
Similar and in some cases not suitable to the situation
fluctuations of.

   If the load is low voltage (3 - 3.6
B), will collect a small stabilization
torus, which will protect the load. A
very open circuit voltage of the charge must be restricted
nichit for battery protection (protection of its
protection scheme), although it may stabilize itself
congestion avoid exceeding the external NAM
masking, acting partly as a burden. In
Depending on the requirements of the stabilizer can
and can be impulsive, and the usual need Effe
ktivno cool - for the sake of battery life.

   If you want large capacity and power
In particular, will have to use parallel
vklyuchenie.Sperva discharge all mating
batteries. To this end, each connected
Chita hour load current, to trip,
then let the momentum of the charging current and connected
Chita load a 10-hour power - to switch off
radiation, again let the momentum of the charging current and
connect all the batteries together, but each
dy through the resistor 1 ohm. An hour later, when
voltage practically does not differ
and differential currents are not dangerous,
Dismantle all batteries. Gently (do not
closing, although the battery is run down
not so dangerous, but still very bad)
solder all the batteries in parallel (self
themselves with the correct polarity) and the thick of
vodami.Akkumulyatory should be (much the same
desirable) for one nominal voltage
(3.6, 3.7, 3.8) or better, to a fir
we (make sure that protection scheme for all
battery connected the same way - with
common plus or minus). Now thin
wire, connect all the gates, do not confuse
each entrance and exit gates
transistors (should get two different
chain), except where they zaparalle
leny.A now remove all of the control scheme
we (unsolder / disconnect from the keys, except for Ca
IIR key, of course), but leave one - at
any one battery - it will be
manage all the keys simultaneously, the PIC
Kolka, they form a single field key
for a single akkumulyatora.Vozrosshaya capacity
shutter is not a problem - because of switching
occurs rarely, and the leakage current is still nich
tozhno mal.Teper close, to insulate
radiation parallel to the battery, do it
most reliably connected to pro
water was difficult to damage and zamknut.Pod
keys light load, wait until switched off
multiakkumulyatora radiation. Now thick
wires parallel to connect gold-plated
nye terminals. So you have a powerful and it
cue battery with protection circuitry.

   Why not just connect the accumulators
tori on the external terminals? Why analyze?

   Even if you take the batteries of a Tee
na and to defuse a tension floor
tained "parallel" will work nestabi
flax and can unexpectedly fail
(Flight keys are worn down themselves Batteries
ters). Suppose we were to charge our "simplified
turbed "battery. Having reached the limit switch off
radiation, the scheme will work almost synchronously. Imbalance 
because of the characteristics of work one on, the load will 
decrease the charge - voltage jump up and turn off all the 
rest. For number will be almost perfect, and the emf differ

almost never will be. Even if we imagine that
batteries got a little differently, and all
povyklyuchalis, the arrival of the charging current
they successfully join, and even with the sky
lshoy a difference of EMF differential currents
not be critical (resistance sowing
Sheha battery is much higher and damping
em current surges, although it does not pass an infinite
The latter, and generally undesirable). But after
EDS charge begins to decrease due to leakage
but they can otlichatsya.Sootvetstvenno, singing
becomes a difference (from hundredths of
volts). Now, suppose we are hooked on
load (in this case, after taking a charge to
output will be connected, not all accumulator
oscillator, and who had "identified" in the fall
external circuit. Others "think" for a
conclude that the charging mode is not finished,
and will wait for the fall. Load current may
be small, and connect accumulators
tori will be slowly discharged, reducing the EMF
and increasing the imbalance of "sleeping" accumulators
tori. But as soon as the voltage drops
before connecting the threshold of the others will
almost short-circuits! Due to a significant (albeit Male
nkoy) the difference emf negligible resistance
of the key (and is due almost entirely
zaryazhemnym battery) current flowing
of "waking up" the battery in the work
schy be very large. And there are already variants
you: the key will die from overheating; key withstood
lies, "has undermined his health; or will be
"Fight" batteries, and improbable
but they kick the bucket, but the deterioration of their 
properties - Wear - happens. And over time, or

keys, or battery of such surges
current will fail. More favorable
moment - when the load value will be immediately
considerably and will trigger all the key
somewhere and connect all batteries CPA
zu.EDS with almost identical - and the differential
The differential currents are less dangerous, but excess
power surge is still not what.

   Therefore it is better once tricky than
sdohshie throw batteries and money.
Generally, for mild stress can com
promiss. If you need a tank, not power
In particular, it can be connected in parallel Accu
mulyatory, each through a resistor of 0.2 - 1 Ohm
0.25 Tues Switching current surges are
limited resistors and will not harm either
keys or batteries. Load current will
children is limited to hundreds of mA, and the capacity Nesco
lko below the total - will eat a portion of current
switching losses.

   And the powerful load, operating from ac
kumulyatorov, it is desirable to collect the pulse
preobrazovatel.Eto significantly save ene
rgiyu and save capacity.

  Let's say you need a higher voltage
of. Then connect the two batteries on
therefore (of course, they must be pa
vny to capacity - it is very desirable for the effective
effective use). You can and three ...
Then the scheme itself will be the city - a pony
harvesting. Ideally, it would be necessary in parallel, and on
exceeding the impulsnikom, but consistently
also used, for example, in modern
digital camcorders miniDV, on
luchaya nominal / minimum - 7.2 V. But
our case, each battery has its own
protection scheme, and when you charge one, disabling
shis earlier, disable, and the other, tearing
general tsep.Za multiple cycles used
tion it will accumulate a charge imbalance and ponies
sum total emkost.Prosche around this, use
Using our old friend - Zener
4.7 B - and reserve on open circuit voltage
the source of the charge. If we connect the PA
parallel diode battery, then after
le off battery life (recharge)
of the total circuit current will flow through the stabilization
litron, bypassing the battery is disconnected,
and other (s) batteries continue to
charge.

   But if we have loads of great shock, then
zener will dissipate a lot of heat
la. And he's close to the battery. For
such an event in series with stable
Ron put a resistor (hundreds of ohms) - and talk with
capacity is limited. All the same accumulative
mulyatory almost charged, and high current
They left no nuzhen.Postepenno dozarya
converge on and off, and while they charge
tsya better than the first battery, because No
losses at high current, but the defense shut down
at a higher EMF. And the next time such -
nearly recharged - battery switch off
chatsya first and nedozaryazhenny, in turn,
In turn, reload. And we get stable
sequence of charge balance. Of course, the total
loss in serial mode bo
lshe, as in all such cases, but
pattern of usage much easier and convenient
it.


        Blessed memory dedicated to


   "Oh, I would at the time, but with modern
GOVERNMENTAL technologies "- thought of many ...

   Take an old 48th (Leningrad 5 0.6
A) and two identical, very cheap, but to
Of course, good battery Li for 600 mA h.
Inside (or somewhere nearby) I will seek BP on
Krenke. Connect the batteries followers
flax, parallel to each soldering KS147,
(Back included!). Minus the overall plus
through the diode connected in parallel and KD212
Resistor 100 Ohm 0.5 Tues That's the whole scheme
uninterruptible power supply. True, off
computer is now necessary for the circuit of +5 V, or until
Krenek, and it will not work hours, and minutes
40 (the battery voltage drops to
load current is large, and Krenek understate UNE
mummers company before as batteries
sit).

   But you can put a modern integration
flax threelegged chip with a small decrease or
loaf, to collect the normal dispersion
crete stabilizator.Togda hour of both
sintered. At these batteries are always full
Naya capacity is more par - with reserves
som.Nu, and if impulsnik collect - an hour ...
and a half is enough (losing twice to the decline
less According to "The lower current). Of course,
should provide cooling batteries
(Next to the radiator with Krenek). Nor should
with the currents to put one battery Akku
mulyatorov. For reliable operation must nabi
army more powerful batteries and put
them in parallel.


                 Progress


   At that time, as NiCd potehonku displace
nyayut lead in the market of high-capacity (in
cars and bespereboynikah) and lithium
displace NiMH in portable technology, the limit
capacitance standard AA has already been made for TI
for typical - salt and alkali - to present
ley.Teper rather go cheaper products
tion, hidden under the label of new,
more expensive items that do not exceed
much available. It seems a little improved
solution on the market hydride batteries
is, by operating characteristics,
although it is obvious "saturation" with a maximum it
bone. It's time to rely on other chemical
skie design and technology.

   Lithium has long used a powerful those
nickel abroad. And here, in the home, on their
begins to replace the polymer, more complex
compact (higher capacity at the same size).
Likely to use the more delicate ones
hnologiya producer - and literally,
makes the battery more subtle, flat.
Indeed, in the amount of excess ion batteries
do not need enough fiber, which contains
contained ionic charge. A layer can be very
thin! Accordingly, the plate - tape
brushes - can be tonkA.Edinstven
Noe - housing battery banks, it is thinner
have not already done, it must be strong and
while nehrupkim.Vsledstvie subtleties can
zhno suggest that polymer accumulators
tori are more sensitive to shocks and other
Therefore, external exposure. And it can be said
show that their capacity has increased, and the power
almost unchanged. Because of their internal
her resistance remained the same (pain
above a thin layer - as a parallel
increase the conductivity, but the layers is proportional
functionally thinner - an increase in resistance).
Now the flaws of technology and the marriage may
occur more frequently.

KSA-7G