Inferno #09 31 июля 2006

Железо

Likbez - Batteries. History, such as the advantages and disadvantages.

        From batteries of the past,

           recall the age of 20-th ...


   Probably the very first and very effective
nye batteries (in weight) were based on
acids, sometimes called lead (Pb -
abbreviation of lead, usually indicated on the
case of batteries). They received
widely used in automobiles and
some less formal devices.
Are still used, for example, in disorder
reboynikah. Such popularity is due to
cheaper components (sulfides, lead)
large capacity and power peregruzoch
Noah "tolerance" and a very large number
ispolzovaniya.A cycles of the shortcomings can be
but remember the low efficiency, increase in
dependence of power on the temperature (in the region
STI low temperatures), explosion
(Supply offered by the period of charge
valves) nonlinearity, the strong dependence
dependence of the internal resistance of the tank
(Remaining charge). Some progress in
development of these batteries are allowed vypu
ramp and a fully sealed model (in
UPS), and with high efficiency (little ap
adjoint to 60%).

   The next step in our country
became alkaline batteries, namely,
Nickel-cadmium (abbreviated Ni-Cd). But
was a very big trick. Firstly, they
were produced in limited quantities,
which gave rise to terrible shortages and repulsion
gross manufacturers. And as has been limited
Chen also issued face value, it is strongly
reduced their popularity. But do not let them
"Drown" a similar deficit in the dry
batteries. Secondly, the whole nomenclature
Tour of the battery was low power and
respectively, belonged to the household Melo
Chi. Batteries of this type have efficiency
about 70%, a large number of cycles ISPO
lzovaniya very low and stable internal
rennim resistance, were more patient
to low temperature. But their capacity was
very small, and they had characterized the effect of memory
which limited the power used
and conceals some merit, but for
effective use of required experience in
his service. Generally, the illiteracy
in the application of such things, which often
We passed off as literacy, requires
individual cuffs to the correspondingly
tvuyuschih masses. But, if shorter ...

   Alkaline batteries have produced
clearly weaker than (the same, disc: D 0, xx)
and, on the basis of their typical characteristics,
could serve as an excellent and long-According to "The
nominal discharge current. And in this case with
slight memory effect, and sometimes
without him, because rated current in the best
case (for "D 0.55 C) was 110 mA,
but it is rarely where required. In larger
load losses grew in the internal contacts and memory effect. 
And if you remember from rechargeable flashlights are known for 
D 0.26 D (with nominal discharge current 26 mA), in which

this current 10-fold greater, problems with
using D-type batteries after
absence of unreasonable technical progress
quite understandable. And the most shameful,
still going on ... Well, today
penlight batteries have a very
powerful output characteristics and high
Coy capacity, but retain the disadvantages of accumulative
mulyatorov the past, in the long-
given up power.

   It should be noted that this is an accumulative
mulyatorah in masse.I those who want to say
that we have produced, and other types pain
Shay Power, should withhold its
ardor. I do not refute the existence of others,
but accessible and familiar to many consumers
they were not! Only in recent years, alkali
nye batteries were successfully compete
vat on the automotive market with acid, and in fact in
Developed countries are already using lithium
curves ...

   Cellular market is seriously promoted
Battery progress due to increased
capacity requirements while maintaining the company
ktnosti. Next step: a nickel-metal-guide
hydride batteries (NiMH). They use
compounds of hydrogen with alkali metals
- Hydrides, the same ones who used to
satellites for a long time, and maybe even now
use ... Thanks to high energy
STI of chemical bonds, the capacity of the camp
dard elements ("AA", "AAA"-type and about
sneeze) has increased markedly, and output increases
las, decreased internal resistance, and
almost disappeared memory effect. In general, all 
characteristics characteristics has increased, and efficiency 
exceeded 70%. Perhaps the producers and overestimate some

rye characteristics, for example, the value of it
bone with full discharge when the NAM
mummers falls much below the nominal.
Personally, I have a razor worth NiCd accumulators
torus of some Chinese firms such as "Fayi
ryan - do not remember exactly - at 1.2V 500mAh, and
works like a beast at a current of more than 2 amps
Paying though not all, but almost all of its
energy, and I can not believe that modern
"AA" greater capacity will also be the same
serve and will die soon ...

   Finally, lithium batteries, litiyionnye (Li-ion). The next 
jump capacity and power, as well as improvement of other 
parameters parameters. Likely, there also are used

hydrides and, possibly, on the contrary, complex compounds
equations that can respond quickly, vysvo
bozhdaya tremendous energy. Ease of distribution
decay can explain the high sensitivity
The intensity of these batteries to peregrevu.Obla
Dai's something like a powerful ionistora (con
capacitor is very large capacity - Faraday
but low-current) and generating high currents,
Such batteries are very dangerous
GOVERNMENTAL. I think many people know how to "shoot"
for the closure of large capacitors,
charged to high voltage (stock
emaya in its energy is proportional to the square
that stress), and in fact the energy in them nothing
zhna before lithium battery. It is easy
guess what the effect will be under such
discharge akkumulyatora.Po fact, any explosion -
a rapid release of a large number
properties energii.No as decay products
electrochemical reactions are not gaseous,
energy is mostly thermal and
melt the battery inside. Generally on
Each battery has a warning -
Do not short ends, and most about
Explosion (mostly heating).


   If we trace the progress of battery
it is clear that with the reduction of their domestic
resistance fall of inertia on
impact energy increases explosive
nost.V particular, the old acid accumulates
oscillator and could boil, and then another
and worked, and today may die in
few sekundy.Zamykat just as harmful and
Conder - in all cases the energy is partially
destroys your vehicle, reducing its characteristic
characteristics and life sluzhby.Kogda something I locked
one of the GP Battery 1500 mAh "AA" from
of the player (not switched probe tester with
limit of 10A on the base), and, apparently, since
then the total operating time was reduced. Not
price of capacity and cost of internal resistances
resistivity, which increased markedly. Although I do not
remember which of the two locked, one
load noticeably stronger squander,
and in fact has closed for a couple of seconds - no more
more ...

   For a typical lithium battery
large EMF, ie, they immediately generate a voltage of its face 
value and do not consist of multiple connected components, both 
pro The presence of the batteries. In the old cell phones

tries (BOSCH) used lithium accumulator
oscillator without the protection scheme, although the 
identification diffraction resistor and a temperature sensor. 
Poe Moreover they are easy to damage the circuit.


   Actually, the bombing is one such dead,
I learned about his vnutrennostyah.V metal
Scoy bank (sealed) is placed a set of
plane of alternating electrodes and that is all
in the medium of a spirit or something Poho
zhego, dolgosohnuvshego. Easier to think that
this capacitor ... Maybe everything is so unclear
looked because he was dead and vzdu
tyy.No interestingly, the leak was not
broken, and at autopsy there was a sound
gaza.Da passing, he's really reminiscent
Minal capacitor. Fully razlomav concentration
containers, I found two coiled metal
cal tape (from the end they look like
set of plates). It looks like aluminum and copper.
They dried up black burst duration
and substrate (something like), polyethylene, which
Thoraya not what separates the metals, not what their na
algebra, coiled into two layers. Of course, electricity
chemical emf given pair of metals is very
small, but added to them EMF salt (either
Reagent), lithium-based, allowing
achieved a lot of stress. Lack of
serial connection of elements (and
a corresponding imbalance of their characteristics
tick) excludes the corresponding losses
operation and makes the battery much
reliable. A huge area of ​​metals and
therefore, dramatically reduces the reagent inside
friction resistance with losses.


    As it happens in general, and everywhere


   Loss, as we know, there's always ... If
consider the process of energy generation in
batteries, we can note the presence
The presence of balance, however, as in most
other methods of obtaining energy.

   In our case, there is always the so-called
emaya surface (or subsurface)
capacity, and it postponed the generated
my chemical reaction charge. Charges from
imposed on the tokosbornikah (usually metal
tals, alloys and coal), with which later on
stepping into the load. They represent
classical electron and hole (correct
say - lack of electrons). Directly
respectively adjacent to the layer tokosbornikam
(Reactant / electrolyte) of polarized
opposite signs and have ions of substances.
But the most important thing is that the chemical reaction
no load is essentially not happening, she was
suppresses the very capacity to EMF tokosbor
tors. Balance comes when the energy
cally advantageous to maintain the original chemical
components than to get their reaction ene
rgiyu, almost equal to the energy coping
EDS capacity.

   How so? After all, the source energy bounded
Romney? Yes, it is huge, and contained in the mass,
volume of the battery, but the reaction occurs
at the interface of reagents - substances. On
of the border, which has collected charged
nye iony.Elektricheskoe ion field compensated
EMF of a fixed capacity by means of current collectors
property adjacent chains of ions, transmitter
sign of the charge and the vector field through the entire mass
agents - from the current collectors on the boundary
Section substances.

   When under load current of the stack
exists, and the voltage across the capacitor current collectors
falls, the balance is disturbed, and energy
more advantageous to react as Origin of
runs to establish a regular balance.
But the number of charged ions in the medium parameters
yields and, consequently, increases the resistance
lenie.Padaet and conductivity of the medium from Toko
puller to the boundary problem reaktsii.Umenshenie
weakly charged ions and the partial dilution
of medium-neutral reaction products
reduces the tension at the interface
and makes it more sensitive to EMF eat
bone. Accordingly, the balance occurs at
lower voltage batteries.
This is due to voltage drop in the
operation.

   In addition to this there is ion exchange, and
charged, Unspent reagents from the general
masses moving towards the border of the reaction. But
the rate of ion exchange is limited and, accordingly,
Correspondingly, the peak power, too. When O & M
atatsii it falls due to lower overall
charge density, According to "The aforementioned
prichinam.A large currents of energy
literally consumed by ion exchange, but
forced - under the influence of the discharged
field strength at the border, as opposed to the fall
EDS capacity. Closer to full charge element
ktrolity diluted neutral products
Tami reaction, further reducing the ion exchange
Men and power.

   Throwing power "rested" source
mainly due to the capacity to Toko
strippers, and rising tension - concentration
centration of the ionic charge, "crawl" on
bound reactants.

   Also holds repolarization. This
occurs near the end of the discharge. When Snee
approximation of concentration of carriers (ions) of
already reacting substances (representing
ing the bulk) can be degraded again
potential difference on the boundary and potential
scrap discharge current collectors, creating a gap
an interim sloy.Sloy not just high-resistance, and
reduces the output capacitance of EMF, as frozen
razhivaet chemical reaction like a mouth
novivshemusya balance. With time (leisure
element), this layer is destroyed - and the balance
shifts, and the voltage is restored,
but the loss is, of course, not to return.

   Repolarization is possible at a low concentration
concentration of charged ions and large (from
with respect to the remaining capacity) currents. Tor
Yes ions are not able to effectively bridge
resistance of the neutral decay products
Yes, that leads under the current time
rise to a number of internal protivoEDS.
Of course, not peculiar to any repolarization
Bohm composition and depends on the batteries
of.

   It is worth mentioning that it is stipulated
bone - it's instantaneous capacity of current collection
Cove. She is also determined by the surrounding
layer of reagents, as well as the overall electric
Coy circuit elements across the border reaction
Since the electric field at the difference
potentials present in the whole chain
pi. But the charges of the load drains directly
directly with the current collector, and only those who
really are present. In the process
operation changes the chemical composition
near the current collectors and, accordingly, their
capacity, because polarization is determined more
adjacent layer of substances. Of course, the capacity
current collectors is falling. But not like other
characteristics, since the polarization
involved have a neutral substance - not
participating in the reaction, and also provide capacity
(Albeit weaker).

   One should not confuse a "capacitive" on
polarization of repolarization. Last
is a more powerful and orderly
a level that discourages charged ions. A
capacitive polarization is more diverse and
high resistance, it is interspersed with charged
ions and does not have its own strong
field. In some cases, before the ion exchange
represented a return of the charges, which is much
faster and more reliable than the exchange of particles ve
stances.


   Applied to the battery and ac
kumulyatoram the above process is slightly
On different for different types. Climb
polarization characteristic of NiCd batteries,
which leads to the effect of memory (for large
operating currents) as well as for some
powerful (mostly alkaline) elements
Comrade at the end of their service. Example: battery
PHILIPS (size "AAA") POWERLIFE XXL.
By the way, an excellent example of quality, sohrannos
Tea and impact that is typical for PHI
LIPS. It works great, reducing the EMF in
approximately to 1, then it may be full
drop down to 0 and even less (if
series connection of several
elements), followed by recovery
EMF after reducing / off current. Time
recovery and the variation of EMF depend on the
current status and operation. Repolarization
polarization leads to some bounce
Emf in the transitional managering, but it all about
stitelno almost shrunken element.

   Typically, the batteries can be divided into alkali
chnye and salt. The latter were popular in
our country in the last century, since the other
elastic was not. Saline batteries very high
koomnye and are designed for weak load -
receivers, sensors, key chains and other drebe
den.I although these batteries also differ
Xia composition, capacity, and power (internal
resistance), their impact towards the end of EC
spluatatsii put it mildly, is bad, which is considerably
in low-voltage devices. Electromechanical
nical clock starts stumble at EDS
greater than 1 (often as much 1.3), although there may
work with the EMF is less volta.Pri that
Hours - the weakest load, average current -
share mA, enough to tuck salt
Battery capacity in the hundreds or thousands of uF and cha
raw safely go. A similar situation with inf
rakrasnymi panels (LG TV) and battery
size "AA" POWER ACE (almost a shame!). When
EDS has run down (about 1.4) remote blocking
is open to the LED switch and about
sazhivaet batteries before their trip. When
rank in a large ripple because of the high
internal resistance, although the consoles yn
poisoning - a whole load average, and the currents
outbreaks are very large.

   Capacity cheap salt batteries
(2-3 rubles) goes from 450 mA hours, but give
they are noticeably smaller, and in some cases a third
- Despite what a load. The balance of power
can be used on weak instruments, and then
not at all ... Saline batteries property
Nene slow ion exchange, as well as neposreds
idents participate brushes Zn - zinc
(Usually) in energy production and its consumption,
What happens as a result of swelling and corrosion
housing, pollution, food compartments. So
elements characteristic of a marked swing
Emf in the operation (in addition to the fall in
internal resistance), which again
due to slow ion-exchange.

   Well-known labels on the elements -
the absence of cadmium and mercury (0% mercury,
0% cadmium) - explains the concern for the environment
distorting medium. Company shall notify the buyer of
products as environmentally product purity,
despite the fact that the characteristics of the element may
be vysote.Delo that mercury noticeable
but improves the impact, reducing the internal SOPs
rotivlenie, even with negligible
small doses, and cadmium, among other things, increases
total capacity. This is the easiest way
which is used by some manufacturers
batteries. But while the availability of data ve
substances must be indicated (for mercury
More and percentage). For example, elements
ment HV - HI WATT ("AA") has a symbolic
Cd and a ban on the free disposal - ne
recherknutuyu urn (like all batteries;
wondering where did they take?). And on the other
Batteries do not remember the company, perhaps once
novidnost MINAMOTO (red building), was
indicated mercury content less than 0.015%.
However, the presence of inscriptions HEAVY DUTY for at
presence of the inscription and 0% Mercury 'Cadmium
may conceal different. As well fabricated
branched powerful element with no data Easley
march (using safe additives)
and counterfeiting, ie, simple saline element
ment. Cadmium elements can be
much easier and less common at the same
capacity. Well, linden strip test (Nari
Owl to the body, instead of the original y
DURACELL), no doubt, many people have seen - a good
way to fool the illiterate buyers
who have heard something about the original.

   Of course, the alkaline elements (they are not always
so have the inscription ALKALINE, although this prize
nak firm pointed to as a fact of a new type)
surpass any salt. For these properties
tively stable, non-return, lower
EMF and excellent energy efficiency, which allows
exists to judge the extent of their razryada.Nesmotrya on
capacity and orientation to a powerful load
they effectively serve for any discharge. Y
these elements brushes are not spent
during the operation (in fact it is Origin of
walks, but anyway). Elements themselves are more ger
metichny and environmentally friendly (of course, the quality
governmental samples). Persistence (also in
quality) is very high. Grounded power
'loading element is very long and effective
effectively can nourish the weak (the same PHILIPS)
- And therefore on such batteries do not happen
inscriptions, describing their impact - it
itself a fact. Producers seek to
make them more energy efficient and comfortable -
same DURACELL. But indicates the time the case
zhby - ten times longer (with a note - on
Compared to conventional batteries, salt)
- Achieved by including power, low
Kim resistance to alkaline electrolyte,
rapid ion-exchange, which stably der
contains the EMF, feeding device, even at the end of the ex
exploitation, while the salt does not potya
no closer to the end ...

   Currently, the most expensive and (Bu
Dimo) energy is DURACELL ULTRA
M3 (if not mistaken the name), which
("AA") is in Ryazan, about 25 rubles, but I
I doubt that it is more than 3 ampere-hours. But
It should be noted that at equal (with NiMH
battery) battery capacity will be pa
bot longer t.k.vse as powerful and possessing
em high EMF, and hence the energy that
appreciably affect the time of joint
ables player with internal impu
lsnym converter, which, of course
camping, pumping out the battery is not current,
and power.

   Expensive items in most cases
advantageous to use (compared to de
shevymi), especially in the "not weak" devices:
flashlights players. Although in the past,
with frequent use, the batteries still
more profitable and quickly pay off. Dear,
alkali elements are more practical - bought
widely regarded as one time for a long time, more 
environmentally friendly - ME nshe debris from one powerful, 
than from carrying How many of the weak. Salt, cheap, little 
between are different, and often cheap counterfeit

vayut and overpay for them anyway, that
take the cheapest. Expensive fake rare, and
in reputable shops are well worth it
(Unless, of course, without excessive mark-ups) - and
DURACELL with this test strip is not
raises doubts as I have long kachestve.Lichno
advanced batteries in the priority (not
least because of the environmental -
no unnecessary waste - batteries). But
he sometimes buy cheap, if not permanently
need (batteries sat down, and no place to recharge).


   But back to the lithium battery.
Apparently, they use charge
ion exchange and a few energy levels
it (although in the latter, I could be wrong). A
as the internal charge density falls
during the discharge, the resistance increases, there is little
carriers - and this leads to losses (as
always). But because of the vast area of ​​current collector 
plates, it becomes noticeable only at the end of the discharge. 
Basically, there is resistance due to the finite speed of 
transition processes of. Current EDS also determined by the 
strength of the charges at the boundary of the interaction of 
reactants and depends on density and cumulative energii.Eto as

and alkaline (which can be attributed
NiMH batteries), leads to dependence
current EMF of stored energy, ie to
gradual decrease in stress at times
series. This dependence is, as always, is violated
is in the end, when, because of low density
ostavschihsya charges (ions) bound reagents
Comrade can not be quickly filled, tense
dent - and EDS, too, recovering
no-load, approaching the nominal value
cheniyu (3.6), but in the end again
depending on the balance tank (balance neutralization
lnyh and charged reagents).

   Apparently, in lithium batteries
moving charges, but not the ions, and concentration
concentration of charges in the amount of reagents in
leads to an accumulation tank. Based on the crystal
curve of the discharge (of some of its non-linearity)
You can suggest a few ene
rgeticheskih levels for the concentration of charge
Yes, in ions. This allows partially considered
regarded this as a giant battery
capacitor, but with nonlinear capacitance and
additional features.

   Most non-linearity in the small charge
de (top performance) - EDS quickly
increases to the rated voltage of the former
connected component, reminiscent of charge on a capacitor, and
then rapidly "saturated", and the increase falls
almost to zero, as capacity "capacitor
torus "has increased dramatically in a very large
number raz.Tehnologicheskoe performance
as a capacitor - a lot of parallels
lnyh facings or lenta.No charges of shooting
are only from the edge of the brushes (technologists
cally - a compact solution, which is impossible
possible way around) - as in the electrolyte,
which limits the drive capability
peak current. This means that with increasing
capacity of the battery internal resistance
tion falls slightly, because for sufficiently
parameters to the new charge passes through the layers of 
energy transfer leads a long way to the brushes. Of course,

there is a definite relationship - the more
parallel plates, the lower the resistance
tion, and the broader plane of the lifting charge -
so also the resistance less - all of
are known the calculation of resistance provodnika.No
as actual sizes are limited, it is impossible
reduce the resistance as effectively
as well as build capacity.

   The above refers to a single form factor - batteries for 
cellular - and th vorit that occurs with increasing capacity

leads a smaller increase in the power battery
(Due to a smaller decrease in losses). But
Fortunately, most power sotikah not
required. Someone can refute - that
discharged batteries, and a very large then
com, and I do not deny it, but losing some value
sive, and the normal operation of such
can not be named!

   I've seen batteries with a nominal
voltage value 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8, and
This means, the electrolyte can differ
chatsya, providing a different value EDS.No,
actually, that means the nominal? In contrast
Unlike other batteries, it is minimal
significance, in which the battery is still
effectively gives up energy (it can be seen from
weak current discharge curve). With powerful
load due to internal losses, the voltage
of gradually decreases, reaching even the smaller
(The difference to a few tenths B) values
motion, after which the EMF decreases rapidly and ak
kumulyator off. Thus, it is
more "honest" batteries, which feed on
load is very high EMF. In fact, in
battery is a very significant
charge, but under the influence of a powerful load and
Drawdown of EMF protection circuitry shuts it down
before he would give his full zaryad.Kone
chno, the balance is not great, but if kratkovremen
but to submit to external, then the charging
ka (to include the battery), it is still up
LHA will be working on a weak load times
ryadivshis almost entirely in the moment of switch off
radiation. You can continue to "run" his impu
lsami external current, watching as
EMF tends to the nominal value of
no load (going pererasp
definition of the charges and how to transform
balance of energy in the higher EMF). resistivity
resistivity battery is not so much on
exceeds.

   Of course, if you try to charge based on
Consequently stranded battery, losses will be
more than if you do it with just a shrunken
(Noticeable at high current charge). This is a ve
RNO for all batteries. It is also true
that the deep discharge can be deduced from
damage the battery (including subsequent
powerful charge), since the weak polarization
tion of reagents leads to a violation of the border
reaction, the mixing of the electrolyte and the appearance
leniyu additional internal losses and
leaks. Fortunately, for Li it is shown in
lesser extent - because of ion technology
and high quality production (actually
cally they have no protection, where possible defects
electrolyte - only the plane of polarization
tion). But a delusion is not necessary, current pain
large losses wear out the battery, they do not
should get involved!

   Excess electric field for a given
GOVERNMENTAL chemical compounds cause the current Ute
points (energy is not accumulated) and can
destroy the current collectors. A loss of leaks
may overheat the battery, causing it
destruction. Perhaps because he died accumulators
torus my sotika (old BOSCH), it does not
was the protection circuit. Probably because of the high
the cost of Li batteries have to supply
"Personal" protection scheme. I think it is not one
battery is already saved (in fact
BOSCH exploded electrolytic chip con-
condenser and closed circuit and the battery is
first could not stand it no one was turned off).

   Different types of batteries contain time
nuyu stuffing, in some cases, additional
rated - the third contact can be found identification
tification resistor (strictly defined
par), sometimes it thermistor, on to
toromu intelligence Phone judges corrected
particular battery. There are also 4 - and 5-pin
ktnye batteries (and identification, and ter
modatchik, and maybe something else ...), and schemes
inclusion appendage and are positive, and
minus, and both polyusam.A capacity decree
to not always (link to standard), and it remains
tsya measure it experimentally.

   In the first experiments, I thought
control circuit disconnects the battery, for
meryaya voltage across the external terminals, rather than
the battery itself (it's easier to implement
trigger effect). But a little later,
when I opened the battery is defective and
able to measure it directly, came to
different conclusions. Of course, different companies,
different types of its own security implementation, and
lzya exclude that in some tension
measured before and after the key and algorithm
protection may vary. But in most
cases, you can draw the following conclusions.


     Overview (a comparison in general)


                 Pb pluses

   More power capacity at an affordable
(Per unit of capacity) price. To withstand
serum overload, not badly damaged,
"Repeatedly" and termovynoslivy in general ...

                Pb cons

   Large energy losses (at a charge)
rather big size, high heat-capacity
dependence of the power.

               Ni-Cd pluses

   Good termonadezhnost power and not
bad weight and size characteristics. You
supported the unlimited recharging weak
current (percentage of capacity, in any case
tea - our old, disc batteries -
almost a proven fact). Good efficiency
operation at low currents.

               Ni-Cd cons

   Easily destroyed under short-circuit
SRI markedly reducing their performance.
Manifestation of memory when dealing with more
lshimi currents (at the time of discharges /
charges). Yield (relative) for pico
howling power Pb. While, the qualitative research
complement, modern batteries are comparable
ble to Pb.

               Ni-MH pluses

   Good power and capacity, with a small
large scale fast zaryazhaemost. High
cue efficiency (up to 80% at low currents). Hundred
stability of the impact, low resistance when
proper operation.

               Ni-MH cons

   The high price (mostly because of emkos
TI), a manifestation of memory
at bolshoh currents in a number of operational
GOVERNMENTAL sluchaev.Ne withstand short-circuit
Kania, impairing their properties.

               Li-ion pluses

   Compactness, high efficiency, large power
In particular, a large EMF with stable returns,
large capacity for its size, the perturbation
zhnost very fast charge (at the expense of efficiency)
and avtokommutatsiya (with built-in scheme). Efficiency
for 10-hour currents over 98%! For clockwise
Output currents of more than 85%.

              Li-ion cons

   High price (because of technology and natsen
s). Can not withstand superheat (60 ° C) and
overload (although admit a very large
currents - and avtokommutatsiya protects ...), replaced
TNO reducing their options, sometimes leaving
failure. Afraid of physical attacks and strong
FIR impacts, because technologically Accu
Conversely made and will not tolerate domestic
defects due to external effects - to
shorter than: they must be handled carefully.



   Li-pol (not exactly sure how to denote,
seen live ...), presumably on
possess the same plusses and minuses, and that
Li-ion, but more succinct (technologically), and
therefore, more expensive, and sensitive to the physical - 
impact, pressure. 

KSA-7G