For Coderz - Description of a personal computer ATM-TURBO 2 +.

    Personal computer TURBO 2 +

         PCB version 7.00-7.10


          Technical description

                   and

       Programmer's Guide.

(C) MicroArt
(C) MaxSoft 1995 (?)

 The structure of memory and I / O ports


           1. System port

           Address Access: # 77

       Picks: A0 = 1, A1 = 1, A2 = 1,

         A3 = 0, A4 = 1, A7 = 0, WR = 0

Appeal to this port is carried out in
mode dosen = on or mode of CP / M.

D0 - RG0 \
D1 - RG1 - code videomode
D2 - RG2 /
D3 - TUR CPU Frequency

     1-7MHz 0-3.5MHz
D4 - Z_M reserved - must be
set to 0
D5 - Z_I interrupts HSYNC (50 Hz)

     1-enabled 0 - disabled
D6 - VE1 1-interdiction operation 8031
(All requests go to the zx keypad)
D7 - VE0 the board as 7.10 is not used
(Default should be set in
1)
A8 - PEN 0 - off. Memory Manager
(System ROM is included in all windows)
1 - incl. memory manager.
A9 - CPM 0 - inclusion dosen resolution
write to the port of pages, SYS ets. 1 - lock dosen (ports of 
entry in sys, pgwr, fdd, hdd only from TR-DOS)

A14 - PEN2 0 - recording resolution panel, 1-ban entry panel

; Screen video modes RG2 '& ampRG1' & ampRG0
; Sinclair 3
; 640x200 GRAPH 2
; 320x200 GRAPH 0
; 640x200 Text 6

 Programmers need to remember that
when switching from Sinclair screen and high resolution screens,
entangled address space of RAM
namely, A5, A6, A7 and A8, A9, A10, respectively; If you want 
to switch the screen mode - switching program should take no 
longer than 32 bytes and located at the address with the same

A5, A6, A7 and A8, A9, A10, respectively,
otherwise your program will hang!


        2. Multiplexer pages

           Access address: # F7

    Picks: A0 = 1, A1 = 1, A2 = 1, A3 = 0,

            A4 = 1, A7 = 1, WR = 0

 Call to this port shall be
mode dosen-active mode, or CPM.
Application Manager has allowed direct the computer to 1024KB 
and 1024KB RAM ROM. In this case, it is possible to include

_LYUBUYU_ Page of memory (16KB) in _LYUBOE_
of the four windows memory (address:
# 0000, # 4000, # 8000, # C000) at 16K.
Manager is divided into two parts to 4
bytes each. These parts contain a map
pages at ROM2 = 0 and ROM2 = 1.

D0 - RAM '& ampROM invert PAGE 0
D1 - RAM '& ampROM invert PAGE 1
D2 - RAM '& ampROM invert PAGE 2
D3 - RAM '& ampROM invert PAGE 3
D4 - RAM '& ampROM invert PAGE 4
D5 - RAM '& ampROM invert PAGE 5
In these bits is given by the inverse number
page
D6 - RAM / ROM 1-resolution RAM, 0-ROM
D7 - MX_A 1-enable signaling
(PAGE0-PAGE2) from the port # 7FFD
A14 - window sel 0
A15 - window sel 1
Well, here given sampling window 0 - # 0000
1 - # 4000, 2 - # 8000, 3 - # C000

Standard map of the distribution of memory in different modes
the computer:


mode Spectrum-128 Spectrum48 TR-DOS CPM-system CPM-users
roms ROM2 = 1 ROM2 = 0 ROM2 = x ROM2 = 1 ROM2 = 0

# 0000 ROM-# 3E ROM-# 3C ROM-# 3D ROM-# 3F RAM-0
# 4000 5 RAM-RAM-5 RAM-5 RAM-RAM-May 4
# 8000 RAM-2 RAM-2 RAM-2 RAM-2 RAM-2
# C000, see the state of port # 7FFD RAM-1 or 3 RAM-3


 In the ZX-SPECTRUM in the window with the address
# C000 can be turned on every page
0 to 7 (depending on the status of the port
# 7FFD)

CPM-system-mode when active ROM
monitor (working with the standard screen
Procedure I / O drive, the survey
keyboard interrupt)

CPM-users-active mode when the program
user (box 0 page 0 RAM)

 Note for fans to use
1024K of RAM all in SPECTRUM mode.
Below is a standard procedure
Switching to a Page 1024
SPECTRUM.
 When you call in the A page number is 0-3FH
(Remember that the stack and the caller does not need to be in
address above # C000)

SET_PAGE

        PUSH AF

        AND 7; distinguish young alike
                        ; Chiyah 3 bits

        OR # 10, at the discretion of

                        And you can choose

                        ; ROM, and screen.

        LD BC, # 7FFD

        OUT (C), A

        POP AF

        AND # 38; Masquerage all

                        ; Bits, except

                        ; 3 senior

        CPL; inversion

                        ; Data (bit

                        ; Sample RAM

                        ; Platoon)

        LD BC, # 2A53; in TR-DOS

                        ; OUT (C), A RET

        PUSH BC

        LD BC, # FFF7

        JP # 3D2F; transition in

                        ; TR-DOS

After any such command port # 7FFD
off. If you want to correct
return to the SPECTRUM mode - run:

EXIT_1024:

        LD A, # FF

        LD BC, # 2A53

        PUSH BC

        LD BC, # FFF7

        JP # 3D2F
further management of pages as
usually on port # 7FFD


     3. SPECTRUM-128 port system

          Access address: # 7FFD

    Picks: A15 = 0, A9 = 1, A1 = 0, WR = 0

 This port is used mainly in
SPECTRUM-mode 128, but CP / M he
needed to quickly change the memory card
CPM-system <> CPM-users. The developers tried to make this 
place as much as possible compatible with the company ZX, but it

not been entirely successful.

D0-PAGE0 \ determine which page
D1-PAGE1> imprinted mode
D2-PAGE2 / Spectrum-128 addresses # C000
D3 - SCREEN - this defines the category in
which page will be on-screen
RAM.

  mode "SPECTRUM":

  0 - 5-th page (from the address # 4000)

  1 - 7 th page.

  in the mode of CP / M:

  0 - 5-th page of the pixels, 1-I attributes

  1 - 7 th page pixels, the third attribute
D4 - ROM2 - this signal by switching the controller selects the 
BASIC-128 (1) or BASIC-48 (0). In CP / M switch

CPM-system (1) or CPM-user (0)
D5 - LOCK - write to this bit to "1"
we do not allow further work with the port
# 7FFD (this is done for full compatibility with the 
SPECTRUM-48). 


        4. Port PSTN

          Access address: # 7FFD

    Picks: A15 = 0, A9 = 1, A1 = 0, RD = 0

 Port # 7FFD readable as a flag.

D7 - willingness ADC: 1 - ADC is ready, 0 -
is the transformation data.
D6 - 1 indicates that the HDD has finished the last command 
(positioning, recording itp) D5 - version 7.0 of the board is 
not involved D4 - in the board version 7.0 is not involved



           5. Port reading ADC

          Access address: # 7DFD

    Picks: A15 = 0, A9 = 0, A1 = 0, RD = 0

 Used to read the status of the ADC.
(These are only valid in the state
ADC "done" (see above).


   6. Ports music synthesizer

       Access address: # BFFD, # FFFD

       Picks: A15 = 1, A9 = 1, A1 = 0

 Used to program the music synthesizer AY-8910 (12).


        7. Printer port and a DAC.

           Access address: # FB

       Picks: A0 = 1, A1 = 1, A2 = 0

 The board implemented a standard interface CENTRONIX. It 
requires no initialization. Reading

this port copies the state of the signal
BUSY BIT 7 printer battery.

Standard output driver to the printer
symbol from the register C.

OUT_PRN IN A, (# FB)

         RLCA

         RET C; C FLAG = 1

                        ; Return (principle
                        ; Ter is not ready)

         LD A, C

         OUT (# FB), A; derive data

         OUT (# 7B), A; pulse strobe

         OUT (# FB), A; reset gate

         RET; C FLAG = 0 Bytes

                        ; Sent

 It must be remembered that this same-
port connected to a digital-analog converter.


            8. MISC I / O PORT

           Access address: # FA

       Picks: A0 = 0, A1 = 1, A2 = 0

 Gates IOWR, IORD this port withdrawn
on the system connector on your computer. With this port and 
port to CENTRONIX computer can connect 256

input and 256 output devices
while maintaining full compatibility with
original. In this case, the port address is written in 
CENTRONIX team-OUT (# FB), A, and the data is read by the 
command IN A, (# FA) or written by a team

OUT (# FA), A. Data bus is buffered on the socket. For 
compatibility, all new development is recommended connect, 
using only this port.



           9. Port Attributes

           Access address: # FF

    Picks: A0 = 1, A1 = 1, A2 = 1, A3 = 1,
A4 = 1, A5 = 1, A6 = 1, A7 = 1, DOSEN = OFF, RD = 0

 This port allows you to read the current,
on-screen attribute.


          10. Keyboard port

           Access address: # FE

    Picks: A0 = 0, A1 = 1, A2 = 1, RD = 0

 About this port should tell us more. In the standard mode 
(without IBM keyboard), this port has the following

appointment.

D0 - KD1 \
D1 - KD2 \
D2 - KD3 keyboard data entry
D3 - KD4 /
D4 - KD5 /
D5 - Z systemic signal from the PLA on this
signal is based copy protection
boards. Signal is activated after a certain number of clock 
cycles after the arrival interrupt (do not remember exactly 
what). Program by counting the number gets a byte which is the 
key and unpack the BIOS BDOS ... but in the last version 8031 
to refuse it. D6 - TIN signal read from the tape.

D7 - not used

A8 - KA0 \
A9 - KA1 \
A10 - KA2 \
A11 - KA3 \ Address line keyboard
A12 - KA4 /
A13 - KA5 /
A14 - KA6 /
A15 - KA7 /

 Starting with version 7.00, in the computer
appeared ms. 8031 that dramatically changed the operation of 
the port # FE and gave an opportunity to connect the IBM XT 
keyboard. 

 When you try to read the contents of the keyboard, the 
processor instructs the IN A, (# FE), cocked specials. trigger 
and signal processor stops WAIT. In this case, the 
microcontroller 8031 interrupt is generated. After the 
necessary procedures for translation of the address lines 
microcontroller provides on the data bus CPU state of the 
keyboard, the signal WAIT is reset and the processor continues

their work.
 The presence of 8,031 and an enhanced keyboard
(101 keys) allows us to simplify survey
keyboard in CP / M to the simple reading of the key code, 
however, it required the introduction of additional commands to 
control 8031, and since the only possible way to transfer data 
in 8031, this state of elder half Z80 address bus at the time 
of reading the port # FE, this method is used.



     Escape Sequences

              Keyboard:

 # 55 - indicates that the next byte is the command code for 
the keyboard. In Reply keyboard returns # AA -

it can be used to test for 8031.


  LD A, # 55

  IN A, (# FE)

  CP # AA

  JR NZ, NO_XT

  LD A, COMM; team (see below)

  IN A, (# FE)

  LD A, ARG1; additional

                ; Options (can

                , Absent)

  IN A, (# FE)

  LD A, ARG2; additional

                ; Options (can

                , Absent)

  IN A, (# FE)


 # 00 - Reads the code of key pressed.


  XOR A

  IN A, (# FE)

  ; In the battery-key code (the list
codes below)

 # 80 - read 1-byte flags keyboard
 LD A, # 80
 IN A, (# FE)

 # 40 - Read 2-byte flags keyboard
 LD A, # 40
 IN A, (# FE)

 Command codes (Note: Before writing
command code to give Ex. code
# 55 in 8031 to convert the input mode commands):

1 to obtain the 1-byte version number

         program
# 41 get a 2-byte version number

         program
# 81 get 3 bytes of version number

         program
# C1 a 4-byte version number

         program
7 to wipe the keyboard buffer and all

         Flags
8 DATA installation mode:

         bit 0, 1-set mode

         work

         0 - Sinclair keyboard emulation

         1 - read the key code (flags

             not processed)

         2 - mode of CP / M

         3 - direct reading of code after
             sequential port keypad
             Tours

         bit 7 - mode 0-lat a-rus

                 (For CP / M)

9 to get the contents of the cell parameters
         myati 1
# 49 to get the contents of the cell parameters
         myati 2
# 89 to get the contents of the cell parameters
         myati 3
# C9 get the contents of the cell parameters
         myati 4
# 0A switch the input mode

         Russian letters
# 0B to switch the input mode la
         institutions in the Palestinian letters
# 0C program pause
# 0D reboot
# 10 seconds to get
# 50 to get minutes
# 90 hours to get
# 11 seconds to set DATA
# 51 DATA set minutes
# 91 DATA set the clock
# 12 get the number of
# 52 a month
# 92 a year
# 13 DATA set the number of
# 53 DATA set the month
DATA # 93 set the year
# 14 DATA forcibly sets a non-
         which signals (set of
         proceeds, if appropriate

         bit is 1)

         bit 0 = 0

         bit 1 = 0

         bit 2 = 0

         bit 3 DTR

         bit 4 RTI

         bit 5 = 0

         bit 6 = 0

         bit 7 = 0
# 15 DATA forcibly resets some
         torye signals (reset occurs
         leads, if the corresponding bit

         equals 1 (see component # 14)
# 16 read the contents of the port P3

         bit 0 -

         bit 1 -

         bit 2 -

         bit 3 -

         bit 4 VE1

         bit 5 -

         bit 6 -

         bit 7 -
# 17 read the state of the RS232

         bit 0 CD

         bit 1 CTS

         bit 2 RI

         bit 3 -

         bit 4 -

         bit 5 -

         bit 6 -

         bit 7 -


            11. Port curbs

           Access address: # FE

    Picks: A0 = 0, A1 = 1, A2 = 1, WR = 0

 This port is somewhat different from
Standard SPECTRUM. The fact that
CP / M border (and screen) can be
any of the sixteen colors (from a palette
64). Therefore require additional
bit color, which has been led by the inverse A3.

D0 - BRD0 \
D1 - BRD1 color border
D2 - BRD2 /
D3 - TAPEOUT output to tape
D4 - SOUND Loudspeaker
D5 - not used
D6 - not used
D7 - not used
A3 - BRD3 - 3rd bit color (inverse)