WORKING WITH TEXT
General rules and recommendations
by text input
CONTENTS
1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ........
1.1. Formatting options .........
2. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENTERING TEXT ..........
2.1. Bug fixes............
2.2. Punctuation marks. Volumetric texts.
Literature and software........................
Unfortunately not often, but sometimes I still
have to deal with text processing
commercial files typed by correspondents:
prepare texts for viewing on the screen.
Therefore, before proceeding with the exposition,
knowledge of general rules and recommendations, let me
make a few wishes for yourself in hell
res of those who are already writing or maybe
is going to write an article for "ZX-club".
We try to be ready to process text
you dialed in anyencoding and in any
format. However, code page 866
for us it is preferable, and the MS-DOS format
- more convenient to use.
What to do if the above is for
you "Chinese literacy" or you are not able to-
we write fluently and expressively and do
two errors in each word? It all depends
on what you have to say. Take care
your health - outline the solutions that do not give
sleep peacefully thoughts on anything and how-
written, for example, with a student's pen on
an ordinary notebook sheet or in a
some Assembler editor.
A few words about the current editorial
mechanism. Editions in the generally accepted sense
of this word - the premises where the team works
lecture of editors involved in processing
We don’t have any incoming material. U
We don’t have an established editorial team
lectiva. Therefore, watch carefully
output data of the "ZX-club" numbers, generated
pay attention to the authorship of articles and do not
ignore the "Editor's Note" section. Specific
but addressed material is more likely
will be understood correctly and will receive
specialist support or simply interested
a nosy person. In other words,
try to establish contact with specific
by people, not by abstract editors.
1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Rediting -
the process of entering new text and changing
old In order to enter into
text some changes are necessary
enter from the computer keyboard those or
other teams. The entire set of commands that
There is a text editor for
working with text is called a system
commands
Ftext formatting -
giving the text an aesthetic appearance, convenient
suitable for perception when reading and preparing
Converting text to printer output. More
formally - placing text between the left
and right page margins and splitting
text per page. Here we should replace
It is clear that pagination is
cially and not necessarily in preparation
ke text to be viewed on the display.
Pon the page of typed text
mean, first of all, a sheet of paper
gi on which the text will be printed
on the printer. In Russia it is customary to use
Print A4 paper (210*297 mm).
For this format for letters accepted
the following margins: left - 35 mm; top
- 20 mm; right - at least 8 mm; lower
- not less than 19 mm.
Aparagraph (paragraph) -
a sequence of lines separated from
the underlying lines of text are empty lines
coy. An empty string cannot contain
not onlyvisible symbols, but also test
ly. Sometimes a paragraph means
part of the text located between ab-
with special indentations (red lines).
However, using paragraph indents
not accepted in all countries. In addition,
instead of paragraph indentations, when formatting
Paragraph lines are sometimes used
projections - "windows" (term, borrowing -
bathroom from printing).
1.1. Formatting options
PARAMETERS OF THE text PAGE are determined by the pas-
the dimensions of the sheet of paper on which it will be
The text is printed on the printer. Also, obviously
it is clear that the page parameters will depend on
network from the technical capabilities of the printer,
available at your disposal, and from that
go, what PRINTER font will be used?
Printing of the typed text is not possible. More
in detail with the technique of breaking text into
pages for output to a printer, you can
get acquainted with the work [2], pp. 381-384, 387.
Let us define the following PARAGRAPH PARAMETERS, which
which, however, are far from being implemented
all text editors:
- placement (justification) of the paragraph on the floor
all: center, left, right, shape-
that one
The design option you are interested in
turned off while reading books (with aligned right and
left borders), corresponds to option
design according to format. Headings are usually
placed in the center; signatures of the authors - with
offright; most letters and
Documents are drawn up with the alignment to the left. Nap-
example, text editor Write under
Windows (IBM PC) provides text input
with aligned to the left and auto-transfer
som whole words if they do not fit into
line length. This creates a characteristic non-
straightness of the right edge of the text. English to her
language users are so used to
what is registration of business and household documents?
documents is becoming generally accepted.
- retractions and repulsions, i.e. distance from
column boundaries to the paragraph on the left (retract
left), distance from the text border to
right border of the column (retract to the right),
distance to previous paragraph (from-
beat from above) and to the next one (beat-
ka below).
- indent for the first line of a paragraph.
For letters, ab-values are usually used.
a significant indent of 7-12 mm. Inos-
foreign documents are usually issued without
paragraph indentation, but using indentation
spaces between adjacent paragraphs.
Design option with paragraph indentation,
when the beginning of the first line appears immediately
from the boundaries of subsequent lines, apply
for paragraphs with numbering (lists).
Below is a fragment from the text description
new editor BK Write v.4.0 for Sync
ler-compatible computers.
* * *
Format options are:
line width, leftmargin, left margin for
first line (paragraph indentation), the flag is not
renos and alignment flag. The easiest way
show the meaning of these parameters with an example:
A
<──────────────────── ────────────────────>
B
<─────>The room had three windows, near the door
stood a bare demonstration table,
the opposite wall is another table covered
With a green cloth tablecloth. In the corner
<──>a monstrous brown safe towered;
curfew table, littered
stationery folders, huddled with him
footstools There was another one in the room
table under the sign "Scientific"
consultant" and giant, one and a half
walls, a fabric slogan: “No people
unhealthy sensations are needed. To the people
We need healthy sensations." I glanced sideways
to Edik. Edik, without looking up, looked
to the slogan. Edik was killed.
(A. and B. Strugatsky, “The Tale of Troika”)
Here:
A - line length
B - left margin for first line
(1st margin)
C - left margin
This paragraph has been formatted in
ALIGN, MOVE (Justify: Y, Word
Wrap: Y). And here's what it looks like with the switch off
proper alignment - justified to the left -
(Justify: N):
The room had three windows, at the door stood
bare display table, walls
opposite is another table covered with green
cloth tablecloth. Towered in the corner
monstrousbrown safe; curfew
a table littered with stationery folders,
huddled at its foot. There was also
one table under the sign "Scientific"
consultant" and giant, one and a half
walls, a fabric slogan: “The people don’t need
unhealthy sensations. People need healthy
sensations." I glanced sideways at Edik. Edik, no
looking up, he looked at the slogan. Edik was
killed.
And with wrap disabled (Word Wrap: N):
The room had three windows, at the door stood
bare demonstration table, against the wall
rotiv - another table covered with green suko
new tablecloth. In the corner towered a monstrous
new brown safe; curfew table,
littered with office folders, huddled near
its feet. There was another stoli in the room
to under the sign "Scientific Consultant" and gi
Gantsky, one and a half walls, fabric vines
ung: “People don’t need unhealthy sensations.
People need healthy sensations." I squinted
to Edik. Edik, without looking away, looked at
slogan Edik was killed.
THUS:
Leveling mode: state when
after formatting the string it is uniform
padded with spaces so that the right edge
the center of all lines was at the same level, defining
divided by the parameter. Mode
leveling is effective only if you turn on
chen word wrap mode.
Carry mode: state when the word,
does not fit on the current line,transfer-
extends to the next line ENTIRELY. In other
In this case, it wraps to the next line
only part of the word. The mode does not work if
in the text there is a word that is longer,
than the line width.
2. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENTERING TEXT
2.1. Bug fixes
When working with a text editor, it has -
there is an opportunity to significantly increase the speed
text input speed (compared to writing
machine), since any mistake can be
fix it immediately. Deletion is incorrect
the entered characters belong to the simplest
text editing operations, and text-
The editors provide two principles:
pialically different possibilities of carrying out
this operation: in insert mode and in
me replacement. In INSERT mode, each input
The symbol expands the line, that is
wedged into the text. In CHANGE mode, enter
The hidden character is written over the character in
cursor position, erasing this character.
Typewriter users
usually they try to switch the switch immediately
daktor in replacement mode and work in this
mode all the time. This is completely wrong!
Experienced PC Operator
always works in INSERT mode. If
you need to change some character, then
first you need to insert the ver-
symbol, and only then deleteerroneously
ny. This procedure takes several
more time, but it is safer. Re-
The replacement press is used only in those
teas, when sliding the editor is undesirable
the line being typed. For example, when working with
table columns.
2.2. Punctuation marks. Volumetric texts
In fact, the text is considered as a post-
sequence of words (groups of symbols),
separated by spaces, and/or con-
tsa lines. End of line characters are
non-displayable (invisible) characters.
In order for the text to be formatted beautifully, it is necessary
We must adhere to the following generally accepted principles:
ty rules, which, among other things, facilitate
they want to perceive the text:
- Punctuation marks (periods, commas,
colons, etc.) must be placed
close to the previous word. If not
stick to this rule, maybe
it may happen that a comma or a period
will appear at the beginning when formatting
lines.
- Always follow punctuation marks
a space is a sign of the end of a word.
- If you put it in parentheses (or in quotation marks)
any phrase, then you should not leave
add spaces (spaces) between staples
kami (in quotation marks) and this phrase.
- It is advisable to separate paragraphs with empty paragraphs
line (padding at the top/bottom).
- A dash, unlike a hyphen, is written like this:
so that there are necessarily spaces, from
dividing dashesas from the previous word,
and from what follows. The hyphen is typed
merged with the constituent words.
When typing, do not try to immediately
make it completely ready for printing. you
you work in a text editor, not on
typewriter. The text must be typed practically
technically “blindly”, without thinking about the design
Mlenia. Final editing and layout
(division into pages, font emphasis)
tion, paragraph alignment) can be done
later, when the text has already been typed.
If you type any volume
text (description of the program, preparation of
Denmark, etc.), you should adhere to the following
following rules:
- Title page, preface, each
Keep the chapter in a separate file. Location
placing chapters in different files allows
make informative headlines.
- When initially typing, the text is not formatted
matted.
- After editing is completed, format
paragraphs; and then the pages.
- Since there is always a possibility of introducing
introducing major changes to the text, store
unformatted version of the files.
As always, I hope to receive yours
reviews, wishes, comments and, of course
same - articles.
SWdZ
Literature and Software
1. Dyakonov V.P. Computer in everyday life. - Smo-
Lensk: Rusich, 1996.
2. Kenin A.M., Pechenkina N.S. IBM PC forusers or how to learn to work
on the computer. - Ekaterinburg: ARD LTD,
1997.
3. Kuritsyn B.A. Text editor BK
Write v.4.0 for Sinclair-compatible devices
personal computers. User's manual
vatela. - Cherkassy: Distribution computer
lecture of text editor BK Write, 1994
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