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RUSH #01
29 мая 1999 |
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Spectrum programming - Sound effects for a music processor and combine with the main melody.
(C) 1997-99, A. Bezugly (Ticklish Jim / BIS /
Rush)
SOUND EFFECTS FOR MUSIC
PROCESSOR AND MATCHING
With the main melody
So muzprotsessor ... Gone are the
times when people are satisfied with
unassuming bibikanyami dynamics
SPECCY during the game. Now anyone who
wrote his play necessarily involves in it
music. Naturally, for AY'a. Someone is coming
further supports LPT COVOX,
SOUNDRIVE, GENERAL SOUND ... Someone
music is better, someone worse, but it's not
it - now the program without music
support for AY causes at
as a surprise. However, listening music,
but sometimes it is not enough. So
want to hear the shuffling of feet of the hero or
dripping water, for example, and you hear only
some overextended motif (well even if
music can be turned off). But suddenly you
still hear the rustle of wind and cherished ...
Notice that prevails around the dead
silence, which can not revive even your
steps. There inevitably recall
unprecedented cycle of games DIZZY, where
through the music clearly punched
sounds ... on the dynamics of the beeper. In general, where
Whatever else - everywhere wedge. Yes, sometimes all the same
there are programs in which the sound
effects are displayed in parallel with the music,
but such examples are quite small.
I hope this article helps someone
when writing their own toys. I
do not claim to truth in the last
instance, moreover, convinced that someone
decided / solve this problem more elegantly me
but still ...
While working on "CSC: Deja Vu" in
some point the question arose
accompanied by music games. Remembering
public reaction to the absence of AY-music
CSC-1 (by the way, there is already version for cars
with 128K RAM. And the music plays in
menus and during gameplay.) was
unanimously agreed to voice a new game.
After a while it became clear that
music just is not enough. Panda
vystrenko concocted a dozen effects
and ... Work has stalled. Nobody knew
how to combine music and effects. All
attempts ended in failure - the hissing,
wheezing, and nothing more. Even working with
specially written dual
music, nothing gave. Although surprised
nothing: Panda writes music, but only as
I generally far from the case man.
One way or another, but the question was about the effects of
postponed indefinitely. And
generally, somewhere in late May '97go work
the game ended. The reason for that was
my own and draw more glitches.
Somewhere in the middle of autumn 1997, I
traveled to Sevastopol, where he met with
Dismaster'om and Squizer'om (not counting
gang SMASH'evtsev). At that time, I again
started thinking about the continuation of work on
CSC (at that time there was a program
AVTOMASKI, but my computer is broken)
why did not fail to take advantage of
case and agreed with Dismaster'om
What about the special the Player for music and
special effects. Arranged for the left ... Passed
three months ... Dis'a probably everything
forgot (I, too, is good, and not
bothered to write a letter or Squizer'u,
nor Dis'e), and the cry of Mighty Hacker none
and did not think to respond. In short,
wait for assistance was not from anyone, and that's
himself had come to grips with this
problem.
Below is an example of a small
program that I have supplied
exhaustive, in my opinion,
comments. I think, understand that the
Why not make much effort. Yes, until
do not forget - my program is designed for something
that the sound effects are derived via
'B', a two-channel music. It is possible,
Of course, removing the last restriction, but
then have to sacrifice cleanliness
sound effects and live with
overlay, which will inevitably arise.
But everyone makes their own way, so that
See for yourself. Literature, which I
used until the deal with the work
AY'ka not numerous: ZX-REVIEW # 5'95 and
Unforgettable "ZX-SPECTRUM and TR-DOS for
users and programmers, "A. Larchenko
and Rodionova.
In the beginning you need to know
number of notes (I'm no expert, so
I admit that some of the terms will be
a misnomer, however, important
is the essence) in the special effects. To do this, I personally
use the following primitive
applets in BASIC:
10 RANDOMIZE USR 49152: LET A = 65533:
LET B = 0: REM sound effect is written
ProTracker'e in and swapped out to disk
together with the player at
49152
20 RANDOMIZE USR 49158: LET B = B +1:
OUT A, 9: PRINT AT 0,0; "Volume
Channel B = "; IN A;" "';" Number of the current
notes = "; B;" ": REM This line readout
is called volume information for
Channel B, the end of the sound
says 0 on the screen and silence in
dynamics, the number in a long
LEN, on kotoy it will be lower.
1930 PAUSE 0: IF INKEY $ <> "q" AND
INKEY $ <> "Q" THEN GOTO 1920: REM
This line is necessary for
stepping effects.
Calculating the length (number of B) can proceed
to the procedures in assembler. Load the file
FX (can not be shipped, if memory
computer has not been cleaned after use
BASIC program) with the desired effect and
consistently perform routines
MAKE and PACKER. The first essential for
creation of a memory array data
muzprotsessora registers, and the second - for
little optimization of the array
(The optimization is incomplete, since it is possible to win
another byte of each note).
After this, ready reserve unit
Data from the address pointed to by
variable SOUND (40000), length LEN * 4
(Packed, though, as said above,
possible and LEN * 3).
Now we can proceed
directly to the demonstration. As
set the music to interrupt, I think,
no one explained the do not. But before
initializing the player must
make any minor changes. For
This should throw a block on TO_PLAYER
address equal adres_zagruzki_muzyki 1351
(For player of the PT2.1). Block length
97 bytes.
Someone may wonder: "Why
completely remove the processing of a channel
from the player, if there so empty? "
In response, I can only offer
porobovat not to amend the
player - listen and compare.
Okay, to solve this. Now a couple of
words about the program, responsible for
playback effects. I did so,
sound to be issued on AY pressing
FIRE key at Kempston (incidentally, that
quit the program, you should click
simultaneously UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT on the
same Kempston). Of course, the game you
have to add a procedure for choosing the right
sound, etc. etc. But in this case
It does not require, therefore, assume that
There is only one SFX, which must be heard
when you press certain keys and not
interrupted until until you hear
the last note. Quite naturally,
SFX note should sound after the note
composition, ie, Once an interrupt. In
general, see the comments as
proper description of my program
come to an end.
(C) 1998, T.J.
MUS ORG 49152
;. INCBIN MUSIC
ORG 40000
;. INCBIN fx2
; PACK LENGT = 136 bytes
EFFECT ORG 49152
;. INCBIN FX
; PT-module WITH SFX
FXBUF EQU 32768
ORG 25000
JR BEGIN
; PLAY MUSIC 'SFX
CALL MAKE
; MAKE SOUND FX
; WORK WITH FILE AS LOADED AT
; "EFFECT"-ADRESS
JP PACKER
; PACK SOUND FX
BEGIN DI
LD HL, TO_PLAYER
LD DE, MUS +1351
LD BC, 97
LDIR
; Made changes to the player tunes
LD A, # 25
LD I, A
IM 2
LD A, 195
LD HL, IMMER
LD (23670), A
LD (23671), HL
, Included the interruption of the 2nd kind
CALL MUS
; Initialize player
EI
HALT
M1 XOR A
IN A, (31)
CP 1915
JR Z, EXIT
; When pressing 4 keys Kempston,
, Then go for the procedure completed; sheniya program
CP 1916
JR NZ, M1
And if no key is pressed FIRE
, Then go to the top of the loop
LD A, 1
LD (SND_PR), A
, Chose a number of SFX
K1 CALL NASTR
; Specify parameters for a given SFX
, (Address of an array of data and the length of SFX)
LD A, # 3A
LD (K1), A
, Blocked a challenge to the update procedure
; Options with a view
; To finish the SFX to end before
; Will turn next SFX
, (Of course, you can lock
; Poizyaschnee, but, I repeat, in this case
, It does not matter, so I was mouth; raivaet transformation
CALL NASTR in ; LD A, (NASTR)) and went on to; chalo cycle.
JR M1
; Procedure for stopping work
; Demos.
; Before completing set
; Interrupt the 1st kind switch off; differs music player,
; Jamming channel SFX and return to
; The main program.
EXIT DI
LD A, # 3F
LD I, A
IM 1
CALL MUS; MUSIC OFF
LD BC, 65533
LD A, 9
OUT (C), A
XOR A
LD B, # BF; CHANNEL 'B' OFF
OUT (C), A
EI
RET
, Procedure interrupt handling. I hope
; Do not need to explain anything
IMMER DI
PUSH HL
PUSH DE
PUSH BC
PUSH AF
EX AF, AF '
PUSH AF
EXX
PUSH HL
PUSH DE
PUSH BC
EXX
PUSH IX
PUSH IY
CALL MUS +6
; Calling player SFX
CALL PLR
POP IY
POP IX
EXX
POP BC
POP DE
POP HL
EXX
POP AF
EX AF, AF '
POP AF
POP BC
POP DE
POP HL
EI
RET
SOUND DEFW 40000
SND_PR DEFB 0
LEN DEFB 8; LENGT OF SFX (/ 4)
; PLAYER FOR SOUND FXS
; WORK ONLY WITH CHANNEL 'B'!!!
; Player for SFX.
PLR LD A, (SND_PR)
OR A
RET Z
Return, if the address is SND_PR
; 0, ie No SFX no
; Selected
ADR_SND LD HL, 40000
; In HL start address SFX
; (Set p / n NASTR)
LD DE, # BFFF
LD A, 80
; In A length of SFX (also set p / n
; NASTR)
X3 EX AF, AF '
, Followed by the output data registers
; Coprocessor 2,3,6,7 and 9;
, And the data for 3 and 9 are decompressed
; One byte
LD C, 253
LD B, E
LD A, 2
; SELECT CHANNEL 'B'
OUT (C), A
LD A, (HL)
LD B, D
OUT (C), A
INC HL
LD A, 6
LD B, E
OUT (C), A
LD A, (HL)
LD B, D
OUT (C), A
INC HL
LD A, 7
LD B, E
OUT (C), A
IN A, (C)
; OLD CONSEQUENCE
OR (HL)
; ADD NEW 'OLD
; These two lines were necessary in order
; To our SFX are not silenced
And the remaining channels are used
; To display the main melody
LD B, D
OUT (C), A
INC HL
LD A, 3; SEL. CH. 'B'
LD B, E
OUT (C), A
LD A, (HL)
RRA
RRA
RRA
RRA
AND # 0F
; Value for R3 remained in the leading
; Polubayte
LD B, D
OUT (C), A
LD A, 9
; VOLUME OF CH 'B'
LD B, E
OUT (C), A
LD A, (HL)
AND # 0F
; WITHOUT 4th BIT! (Envelope)
; Value for R9 preserved
; Junior polubayte
LD B, D
OUT (C), A
INC HL
EX AF, AF '
DEC A
LD (SND_PR), A
; Until SFX does not sound
; Fully variable will not be
; Reset.
JR NZ, HLP
; ONLY FOR INTERRUPTS
; We correct address value and the length of SFX
; For the next note,
, Which will be played next
; Interruption
LD A, # CD
LD (K1), A
; After playing SFX necessary
; Restore procedure call selection parameters, the parameters
for the next SFX (CALL NASTR)
RET
NASTR LD A, (LEN)
LD HL, (SOUND)
HLP LD (X3-1), A
LD (ADR_SND +1), HL
RET
; Table TABL contains a list of registers
; AY, used my software.
; Because for the effects we have set aside
; Only channel B, then we need only
; Registers 2,3 (pure and crude tone
, Respectively), 6 (Noise), 7 (mixer)
And 9 (the volume of B).
; I have not used regostry 11.12 and 13
; (Frequency and type of envelope)
, In order to save memory, but who wish
; That will not be difficult to alter my
; Program to your liking (although, as
; Practice shows that when creating music.
; Special effects without the envelope can be completely
; Do), do not forget that this is
; Just an elementary example of working with
; Sound.
; This table is used only
; Procedures and MAKE PACK.
TABL DEFB 2,6,7,3,9
DEFB 255
; Sub-create an array of data.
MAKE CALL EFFECT
; Initialize player
LD IX, FXBUF
; In IX enters buffer address
LD A, (LEN)
LD B, A
; In B - number of notes
M11 PUSH BC
PUSH IX
CALL EFFECT +6
; Lost note
POP IX
LD HL, TABL
M3 LD BC, 65533
LD A, (HL)
CP 255
JR Z, M2
OUT (C), A
IN A, (C)
, Read from the desired register
LD (IX +0), A
; Brought into the buffer
INC HL
INC IX
JR M3
M2 POP BC
DJNZ M11; repeat
CALL EFFECT
; Disconnect the player
RET
; Sub-packages of the array data
PACKER LD IX, FXBUF
; In IX buffer address
LD HL, (SOUND)
; In HL the address from which will be considered; pologatsya
packaged unit
LD A, (LEN)
LD B, A
; In B - number of notes
L1 LD A, (IX +0)
LD (HL), A; R2
INC HL
LD A, (IX +1)
LD (HL), A; R6
INC HL
LD A, (IX +2)
LD (HL), A; R7
INC HL
LD A, (IX +3)
AND # 0F
RLA
RLA
RLA
RLA
LD C, A
LD A, (IX +4)
AND # 0F
OR C
LD (HL), A; R3 + R9
INC HL
; 5 bytes instead of one note, we got 4.
; Full length final block is LEN * 4.
; If you use an envelope, then
; Have to give up
; Combining R3 and R9 (as in the case 9m
; Will need to consider 4th bit
, Although it will be possible to unite R3 and R13 -
, Both of
; Used only the lower 4 bits.)
LD DE, 5
ADD IX, DE
DJNZ L1; repeat cycle
RET
; CHANGES FOR ProTracker2.1 PLAYER
; ADRES = LOAD_ADR +1351
; (For PT2.1 by Golden Disk)
; = LOAD_ADR +1857
; (For PT2.4 by GD 'Fantom Family)
; LENGT = 97 bytes
; CHANNEL 'B' NOT USED!!!
IT'S ONLY FOR SOUND FXS!!!
; New unit for the player
TO_PLAYER LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R13
LD B, E
OUTD
DEC A
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R12
LD B, E
OUTD
DEC A
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R11
LD B, E
OUTD
DEC A
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R10
; (VOLUME 'C')
LD B, E
OUTD
DEC A; R9
; (VOLUME 'B')!!!
DEC HL
; Previous two lines will ensure
; That no data from this
; Composition will not be issued on
; Channel B.
DEC A
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R8
; (VOLUME 'A')
LD B, E
OUTD
DEC A
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R7
; (MIXER!!!)
LD B, E
; And here we are doing so
; Our own parameters for
; Channel B found their way to the listener
; (Zero out bits 1 and 4, ie
, Authorize the issuance of tone and noise
; Channel B)
LD A, (HL)
AND # 2D;!!!
; (FOR 'B')
LD (HL), A
OUTD
LD A, 6
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R6
LD B, E
OUTD
DEC A
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R5
LD B, E
OUTD
DEC A
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R4
LD B, E
OUTD
; We correct battery so
, So it was 1.
; This is necessary in order
; To circumvent the issue of data, preamplifier; It refers to
an executable composition ; Registers clean and rough, for any
tone of the channel B.
SUB 3
DEC HL; R3
; (FOR 'B'!!!)
DEC HL; R2
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R1
LD B, E
OUTD
DEC A
LD B, D
OUT (C), A; R0
LD B, E
OUTD
DEFS 11
; The last line is necessary for
; Add the block to 97 bytes.
For the new version of the editor PT3.31
by Golden Disk changes are made
at LOAD_ADR +1825:
AND 45
; Disable channel "B"
OUT (C), A
INC L
LD B, D
OUT (C), L
LD B, E
OUTI
INC L
DEFS 3
I think that will be easy to understand.
Only note that this method of combining
effetov music and in my opinion is
easy because uses the traditional
player and a small sound issue protsedurka
in the channel. The hardest part -
directly to the creation of sound. More precisely,
create something just simply - in the same
editor, but relatively difficult to then
receive data. Maybe just for me
I do not argue. Yeah, write to someone
program from a human, I would be very
happy, but for want of a better ... Perhaps
someone like a soft, but I do not
met. Basically, as I understand it,
the authors write either for their own players
melodies and effects (for example, have done so
guys BITMUNCHERS in his toy
KLIDEMINER), or wildly distorted by
standard (demo version of MARIO BROS
OMEGA HACKERS). I do not know how
Glory comes Mednonogov - was not asked
to learn.
In any case, what would I have told,
as have so far not seen anywhere else and
article on this topic. Again,
either everyone knows everything, or everything to everyone do
not care.
This material in its time overtaken
the same fate as the article about AVTOMASKE.
I hope that even now, after
two years, it is someone will read and apply
on praktike.
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