w Yuri Markovich Past and present from the future - AMIGA computers! Dmitry Mikhailov Ruben Laginov Alexey Emelyanov Our appeal to the Amiga did not arise by chance, this line of graphics computers Terov is a prominent representative of hardware decisions. Features of everyone without exception "Amig" - a very high ratio of "production" driver/price", which, for obvious reasons, ranks, it is important for the Russian market. More and more specialists show interest in them, which, in particular, finds expression in the appeal contacts to the editor for information and requests tell us in publications about the graphics with Amiga positions.Taking this into account, we asked Topaz company to prepare the appropriate material. ________________ ... Jay Miner - admitted Amiga's new father. He died on June 20, 1994 at Mountain View Hospital. Com- America's computer network was literally overwhelmed zero flow of condolences in which there was a tribute to “the quiet human gene- nu"... From the history of the Amiga In 1982, in the town of Los Gatos (state California)four desperate people decided to shock the world by creating something completely amazing, something that far surpassed would be any existing at that time computer systems. Let us remind you that this is platforms have already been developed IBM PC and Macintosh computers began their mass release. In addition to seven million dollars, which which it was decided to spend on self-financing sification, the developers had significant extensive experience in designing both hardware tours and software: one of them - Jay Miner - was the developer specialized microcircuits for personal digital computers, the other - RG Mikel - was a famous programmer of the company Williams; Dave Morse and Carl Sasenres also were professionals in their field. First initially their project was called Hi-Toro, before it was decided to change the name to more concise and attractive - Amiga (translated from Spanish as “girlfriend”). The best The fastest (at that time) 16-bit process sor M68000 from Motorola. However, the Amiga is not would be an Amiga if that was all it happened. The developers set as their goal create a personal computer with the most powerful graphics and sound, so they decidedto unload the processor as much as possible in this way at once so that it is busy with the main logic program work, and all input/output (i.e. same graphics and sound) was suspended on specialized microcircuits that capable of performing all the necessary operations tions are much faster than the processor! Let us note in passing that almost in all modern personnel, with the exception of nium Amiga, the poor processor takes all working for yourself... Figuratively, we can say, what if in the IBM PC the processor is a person - -orchestra, then in the Amiga the processor is the conductor in the orchestra. This is where crazy people come from - Higher megahertz required for processors other systems, so that more or less decently show something or lose! Cars with a single-processor architecture is highly remember some surrealistic waters, where the director personally rushes around all shops from machine to machine. For all attempts draw attention to the absurdity of such situation there is only one answer: our the next director will run even faster rey! For Amiga, processor speed is not an indicator of machine speed. When show the capabilities of the Amiga specialist there, working on an IBM PC, and you ask them: “What is the volume, in your opinion,opera- tive memory in this machine and what is the hour- that?", then the answer follows: "... memory is not less than 16 MB, and the frequency is at least 66 MHz." But the computer that demonstrated everything it actually only has 16-bi- commercial organization, operates on frequency 7 MHz with only 1 RAM capacity MB! This miracle was made possible by a special process - Amiga litter, which is sometimes difficult superior to the processor itself, otherwise they would but would be distributed to all computers ry. The question then becomes, what can they do? 32-bit Amigas with frequencies of 25, 40 and 60 MHz? During initial development no special processors rolled up in special cialized microcircuits, from the developers there were no coves, of course. Original version The Amiga was a jumble of co- printed circuit boards connected to each other, waved several tables. Each of the special processors consisted of almost a thousand conventional microcircuits of medium degree of integration tions. And this monster slowly came to life... To cover the main activity, due to secrecy reasons, I had to develop several types of joysticks absolutely incredible design. Even then that the computer was called abstract himAmiga, and not some "TXX82/32" helped for the time being to hide from the ok- ruining the company's occupation. Same thing - naming tics have been applied to special processors, which are called Agnus, Portia and Daphne. Familiar professionals the Sionals just shrugged their shoulders. If only we knew they are what hides behind all these avangar- childish delights! The result of such an attitude to the matter is not I made myself wait a long time. Amiga is amazing with its thoughtfulness. It seems that the developers they managed to imagine everything in advance possible future inconveniences at work and eliminate them at the very beginning. The main thing in developments is the idea of multi- task, which has always been considered pre- horned computers are completely different class than Amiga. This idea formed the basis new operating system and hardware Amiga parts. I always thought it was beautiful "plant" multitasking applications on a "single-tasking" computer - useless a foolproof idea. It will turn out, as they say in English - Lichan, "skeleton in the closet", having a habit fall out with a roar into the most inaccessible walking moments. In 1983, rumors spread across the States about a "gaming supercomputer" named Lo-Rhine (the first Amiga was named so in honor of the wife of the president of the Hi-Toro company). And in the same year all special processors were rolled into specialized microcircuits. However, it’s time to adopt strategic decisions on the architecture of a new computer hasn't passed yet. The author of the famous inter- Intuition face (the interface was written in just 3 weeks) RJ Mikel insisted, that the future computer should be maxi- very cheap, while others wanted to get the most powerful car, even if it's not cheap. Jay Miner us- lurking on availability in the system as much as possible possible number of slots (connectors) extensions where you could connect a lot of additional devices. Jay Miner's acquaintance Ron Nicholson gave him the idea of a blitter (a device allowing you to dramatically speed up work with graphics fika, further unloading the central processor). Jay also came up with a graphic NAM mode (Hold And Modify) and change), which allowed to sharply increase number of simultaneously reproduced colors on the display screen. New ideas poured in like from a cornucopia... However, time passed. In the end they saidthe most seven million dollars, which developers once had at their disposal ki, and it was decided to present their brainchild computer industry sharks. January 4, 1984, behind closed doors during the Consumer Electronics Show, RJ Mikeal and Dave Morse staged for the first time demonstration of the Amiga's capabilities, showing the famous voice-over animation "Boeing". Ball painted with red and white squares rats flew across the screen, with a roar of impact crashing against its edges. As if alive, the ball moves walked around in three-dimensional space, finally of everything - with sounds and shadows. This is for now- I wonder how much the Amiga is ahead of the Macintosh, with its tiny black and white screen, or The IBM PC with its then crude four- reh-color graphics. On computers like IBM PC and Macintosh managed to repeat this to start only in two years! Until June 1984, the Amiga team la company-buyer of all their know-how and technology. Atari President Jack Tramel borrowed a million dollars for a month. When the debt repayment period began to approach towards the end, it became clear that Amiga Inc. not in able to pay. Seeing such a situation- tion, Tramel offered the price at 98 cents per share, which was completely unacceptable. Fortunately, two days before the deadline paymentCommodore began negotiations ry with the developers. Amiga share price Inc. managed to raise it to $4. 25, and require- May the amount to pay the debt was immediately allocated, subject to - Commodore receives all rights to the new computer. On this occasion it was immediately a subsidiary branch was organized Commodore-Amiga and further ensured financing of promising development. For creating decent Amiga hardware the operating system was taken by the company Metacomco from Bristol. Program mystical company Electronic Arts developed standards for files containing static some pictures and animations. July 23, 1985 the first Amiga 1000 was demonstrated in the center of Lincoln (New York). General opinion of those present boiled down to the fact that a new com- Pewter era! Multimedia-85? True, They didn’t even know such a word back then. The same Amiga capabilities that proud users of other computers platforms looked down from top to bottom and called toys, after many years curled up on their computers under the name "Multimedia". Quite often the computer nom world (and notonly) for something already su- existing, but not well known in masses, suddenly a label is stuck. Underneath this the label passes it off as brand new phenomenon, after which - pay money, gentlemen who consider advertising to be a LABEL. What is the Amiga 1000? It was per- the world's best personal computer, which produced an image in 4096 colors (vs. 16 for IBM PC model 1985), and besides also had a multitasking operating room system and four-channel stereo sound. To top it all off, it was the first computer ter, standardly supplied with manipulative mouse type torus. The A1000 was produced from mid-1985. to 1987. Despite the fact that it surpassed abuse of other personal computers ters was overwhelming, sales volume was is not so large - and this is at a high price task computer at $2000, while I mean, single-mission RS-286s cost $4,000. The reason is the lack of sufficient pro- frame support. Available programs simply transferred from other models and, needless to say, did not use but- new capabilities of the Amiga. Gradually, the market for programs written especially for Amiga, began to expand into geometricprogression - and things went well. Users slowly began to realize what the Amiga can do and, accordingly, what it can’t other computers may. In the same 1985 the first issue was released. launch of the magazine "Amiga World". Development team Botchikov, meanwhile, began to create development of a new computer model. It was decided make it as extensible as possible. More In addition, all plug-in expansion cards should have been automatically recognized system (unique Amigov protocol "Autoconfig"). And again almost after ten years later the same story happened with "Multimedia", only under the name "Plug'n'Play" (switch on and play)... Amiga programmers, however, claim go for more. In June 1986, the program a mist named Roman Ormandy Ormandy) showed a demo version entitled "We're Building a City in New York" ke" (SIGGRAGH). This short animation depicted a flight through the city, composed from basic geometric shapes, such like cylinders, cubes, tetrahedrons. At that time it was tantamount to an explosion, not only thanks to the high quality of animation, but also due to the fact that Ormandy created this on Ami- ge 1000 with only 512 KB of memory, using program called "Caligary" (Octree Software).By the end of 1986, Eric Graham Graham) created the animation "Juggler", which stunned the experts. He depicted a figure ru of a humanoid, composed entirely of spheres standing on a green-yellow chessboard board and juggling three mirror balls chami. Here, for the first time, technology was used technical technique - raytracing - for clear playback on the screen of each movement tion, mirror surface of balls and real leaf shadows. Amiga made it possible to solve the most difficult graphic tasks. And already at the Second Conf. rents (November 1986) by achievement A young Amiga amateur named Allen Has- tings (Allen Hastings) showed two short of the film using their own programs. Unlike Ormandy, who used expensive frame-accurate video equipment, Hastings used frame recording (single-frame), set filmed on an 8mm video camera for recording animation mation that he created on the Amiga. Although the process was labor-intensive, the final films including flying through buildings, Porche and the bouncing ball were amazing. Attempts Hastings proved that any ordinary the user can create 3D animations on an inexpensive Amiga. His work attracted programmers' attentionAegis Inc., who convinced Hastings to create a commercial ical version of his program. The development team has switched for the project of the next Amiga model. None of outsiders didn’t really know which one it was. In 1987, the release of a new Amiga - A2000. Special processors of this model already had other names - Agnus, Denis, Paula, Gary. A little later, in the same 1987 duh, the Amiga 500 model appeared, which became the first truly affordable Amigoy. All the differences between the Amiga 500 and the Amiga 2000 boiled down to the fact that the system unit and the keyboard form a single whole and there are no internal Zorro connectors for professional expansion. When the Amiga demonstrated the power animation capabilities, 3D graphics programs began to actively spread. In 1987 Aegis's "VideoScape 3D", Micro Magic's "Form in Flight", Byte Byte's "Sculpt 3D" and Hash Enterprise's "Animator: Apprentice." Each program had its own dignity, but none provided holistic solution. In fact, early programs 3D frame packages were the standard at that time com, and users worked enthusiastically with them we achieved amazing results - ComradeIn 1988, the president of Atari Jack Tramel sued Commodore stating that Atari allegedly financed la development of the Amiga. Fortunately, the court stood up on the Commodore side. By then the phrase "Atari owner" has become in the civilized world is something of a mockery. Because Atari was, to put it mildly, lagging behind from Amiga in all respects without exception niah, although it had the same processor and was considered a car of the same class as Amiga. In 1988-89, no fundamental The Amigas have not undergone any major changes - perhaps that it was twice improved by special Cessor Agnus. An increasing number of people began to buy the Amiga will die, and, accordingly, more and more software companies began to create for Amig. By 1989, animation on Aniga had reached la considerable maturity. VideoScape 2.0, Sculpt 4. D, Turbo Silver - all three programs frames could create realistic animations tions in 4096 color mode. The present use art, if you take into accountwhat yes- currently the fastest computers Mac and IBM PC users cannot access speed 30 frames per second full screen no animation in 1024 colors. Sculpt 4.D added driver for BCD and Lyon-Lamb sinle-frame controllers and for Mimetics' Frame Buffer, the first monitor board for Amiga, capable of showing millions of colors Comrade While 3D programs have reached enormous complexity, their prices have increased insignificant. Turbo Silver and VideoScape remained at the lowest level - $200 US. Animator, Apprentice reached $300 US, and Sculpt 4. D has increased in price to $500 US. This is the most expensive Amiga program this category. But even this cost soon faded in value Caligari Professional, the long-awaited debut which took place in 1989. Price Caligari - $2000 seemed by Ami standards simply outrageous. By the end of the 80s, only two or three 3D animation software packages were used are connected to IBM PC computers and they cost whether from 8,000 to 12,000 US dollars - and this is without cost bridges of the computers themselves, as well as expensive Targa monitor cards. These programs were intended for such a narrow market that even those users whoknew about them existence, could only dream about them. In addition, the user interface was only complicated that no one except the artist, constantly engaged in graphics, could not I would like to figure out how to work with it. Amigas in 1989-1990 diverged from such a speed that in terms of the number of sales raised any other personal computers ry, although "professional" programmers accused the Amiga of being just a game howl computer. The trouble with these "professionals" is that the obvious is inaccessible to them - the power the ability of a true multitasking computer ra necessary for the reproduction of good our graphics and stereo sound should be far exceed the power of their "professional" computers, which are, in fact, nothing nothing like swollen typewriters. And when in a reputable computer magazine about around 1995 you suddenly read in an advertisement the latest operating system, which is the highest her achievement is multitasking, plug'n'play, easy to switch between multimedia, etc., then I just want to say say: "Guys, all this exists on the Amiga already ten years!!!" Amura5O0 and Amiga2000 were produced until October 1991. And in 1990 a completely 32-bit model appearedA3000 with 68030 processor and improved coprocessor set (ECS - Enhanced Chip Set). For the first time, a car is standardly installed The 68881 coprocessor has been updated for processing sat down with floating point, which was later replaced by faster 68882. Was se- OS has been seriously redesigned (Kickstart 2.0), there was a SCSI connector on the motherboard roller and faster than ZORRO II, ZORRO III expansion slots. In addition to the basic models, the A3000T is also on sale (Tower), and UNIX machine A30OOUX. Convenient An innovation of the A3000 family was flicker-based pressure that eliminated the flickering effect of the wound with interlaced scanning and committed to using a VGA monitor for everyone screen modes. AmigaZO00 firmly occupied flagship position in the Amig flotilla. In the early 90s, the quality of animation programs on the Amiga switched to other goy higher level. Impulse's Turbo Silver became Imagine, and the company released Firecracker, a 24-bit monitor card to provide professional national product quality. Appeared new programs were born, such as: 3D Professional (Progressive), Real 3D (RealSoft) and Adspec's Draw 4D (later Aladdin). Much more significantreached It was the long-awaited Video Toaster, you- launched at the end of 1990. NewTek has already commissioned Alain Hasting to remake VideoScape in LightWave 3D for Toaster. In a tough fish night situation the company made a decision equip each Toaster with a program LightWave 3D, although she would be more satisfied sell the Toaster and the program separately - tee. This meant that every copy LightWave 3D came with Video Toaster (24 bit color). Later LightWave 3D and Video Toaster proved that the Amiga cost system $5000 could successfully compete with the network systems used cost tew a million dollars. In early 1991, Todd Rundgren Runddren) organized the music video MTV show made entirely on Amiga with using LightWave and Video Toaster. Them time, Joe Conti used LightWave shaft for producing special effects perfect episodes for the network show Unsolved Mysteries (Unsolved Mysteries), and Ron Ron Thornton worked on the episodic ladies of outer space, as it were observed pilots, in a combined show Babylon 5. Leading Amiga programmers you animators were already approaching quality, required in feature films. Them IBM-based animation systems and Mas were still very far from the level of accurate reproduction. In 1991 Amiga Wold in his review only named five 3D product manufacturers who created realistically depicted scenes (about times) - Scenery Animator (Natural Graphics), Imagine Terrain module (Impuls), Digital LandScape (DigiScape), Vista and Vista Pro (Virtual Reality Labs) while for Mac and PC it’s not even the tasks of developing this kind of program have arisen. frame support. Later, but much the same happened with morphing programs. The first morphing programs (Black Belt) - ASDG's Morph Plus and GVP's CineMorph - were written for the Amiga much earlier than similar programs for Mac or IBM PC. B the time when Video Toaster appeared together with the device and software reading. 3D software packages have begun on Mac appear at a price of $1000-4000 excluding the cost of a computer and a 24-bit monitor - no card. In some cases, only the cost of one video card was much more than an entire Amiga computer system topics. In March 1992 it appearednew AmigabO0 model. High-hours were added High-frequency and low-frequency PAL outputs for color televisions. In addition, in Amiga PCMCIA connectors were used for the first time for connecting various additional devices such as memory cards. Since 1993 yes AmigabO0 was produced with built-in motherboard with an IDE connector for connecting hard drive. September 11, 1992 at the exhibition "World of Commodore" in Pasadena (California) was first demonstrated The AmigaCHO00 model has been radically modified improved new coprocessor set AGA (Advanced Graphic Architecture). AGA special processors worked much faster ECS option even in 256-color mode (the full palette was 16 million flowers). The new mode allowed simultaneously display 262144 colors on the monitor from that the same palette. Together with the AGA it was also announced announced the release of the third version of the operational system installed as standard on all AGA computers. The new OS had many a lot of innovations and improvements. In December 1992, the first models Amiga 4000/040 (with processor 68040) post- stuck on sale. The special processors in them are were called Super Gary, Super Ramsey, Super Amber, Lisa, Alice and Paula.Price Ami- giCHO00/040 was high, and later it was high a relatively cheaper model was launched AmigaCHO00/030 with 68EC030 processor. Appeared for the Christmas holidays another AGA computer - Amiga1200, also fully 32-bit, like AmigaCHO00 (pro- processor 68EC020), but intended for use new for home use and su- significantly cheaper. Sales volume Amig1200 increased from month to month. In fact, we can say that Ami- ha1200 has become the most popular in the present currently the Amiga model. By the way, in combination NI with the Genlock device Amiga 1200 s small stu- dents are used with great success cable TV diy. Commodore crisis In March 1994, Commodore officially but announced financial difficulties, own lead to bankruptcy or liquidation tions of the company. Tomid-April machine production Amiga1200 and AmigaCHO00 are still in progress elk, and development engineers worked on a new special AAA processor set (Advanced Amiga Architecture) - 24-bit graphics at 1280X1024 resolution, multi- natural 16-bit sound and many others technological innovations. Commodore's financial problems arose wasn’t it all of a sudden and not all at once, but accumulated for years. It seems that Commodore was getting hurt- higher incomes (especially in Europe), but in Europe European currency markets were falling dollar exchange rate, and Commodore is American company. There is another important factor - speaker: owning the rights to the best products does not guarantee the same level of marketing ha. And a company that conducts absolutely expanded policy of supporting own developments worker, constantly “clipping his wings” with his the most talented engineers, cultivates contains an inferiority complex in relation to much weaker, but more widespread injured products from other companies, yes besides, he squanders what he received from the pro- sales money will collapse sooner or later. In re- As a result, on April 29, 1994, it was announced decree on the liquidation of the American Department of nt of the Commodore company, and all property was put up for sale.In February 1995, in a rivalry between the American company CEI from the state Florida and Commodore suddenly wedged in German company ESCOM, widely known as the most successful PC seller in Europe (sales volume in 1994 was about 2 million liard dollars). In March ESCOM and liquid- Commodore vidators have reached preliminary agreement on the purchase of property Commodore for 6 million dollars. Court took place on April 20-21 in New York. Company ESCOM received all rights to all intellectual property personal and other property of Commodore. After the trial, ESCOM immediately announced the beginning of a new era in the world of Amig: politics ESCOM, in contrast to Commodore's policy, will be completely open. Head of ESCOM Manfred Schmidt announced the creation of a subsidiary divisions of the company - Amiga Technologies. Note that 80 percent of Amiga employees Technologies came from Commodore. Task number one was to immediately resumption of production of Amiga1200 and Ami- gaCHO00, because, despite all the vicissitudes tii, the demand for Amiga continued to remain huge. You can count on your fingers software manufacturers for Amigas who stopped supporting them due to a forced break in production ve. The courage and patience of the others was rewarded: withSeptember resumed production of the AmigaCHO00/040T model; appeared lying model AmigaCHO00/060T, even purely processor performance surpassed Pentium 90. And in October it resumed production and Amiga1200. Not yet descended from assembly lines of factories in America and France These cars were already all sold out! Total By the end of December, 100 thousand were produced. Amiga1200 and 20 thousand AmigaCHO00T machines. Inspired by this success, ESCOM re- sewed not to stop there and expand production. According to some sources production is already planned in 1996 drive from 550 to 800 thousand cars (Amiga 1200 and AmigaCHO00)! But in parallel with production software development is underway research and equipment. New AmigaOS version 4. 0 is already in beta testing (it will include, for example, network support). Also in development new "PowerAMIGA" series based on RISC architecture. Previously frozen software and applications parallel projects of companies producing peri- feria and software, again put into action. Yes, and open politics the company produces its results: it has already produced The first Amiga clones are in production: DraCo (Motorola 68060) from MacroSystem and the first Amiga-laptop.At the "World of Amiga" exhibition (Toronto, Canada) in December 1995 innovations for the Amiga were discussed with might and main. It looks like the Amiga is acquiring a worthy management and decent advertising and stops to be Cinderella among impudent sisters. Amiga in television. Now, having finished the brief historical excursion, let's try to assess the prospects professional use of Amig, in particularly on TV. I will give, in my opinion, the most convincing fact is the use Amig in the creation of computer animation, where the leader is the Steven Spielberg group. Now Steven Spielberg acts as ve producer of a television series "Sequest DSV". This series should not be about let none of the Amiga fans in. Co- the perfection with which it was carried out, confirms unlimited possibilities these computers in professional televisionvision. Science fiction series, premiere which took place in Germany in January 1995 on a private TV channel and which from has been broadcast weekly since unique from many points of view. It all started in 1992. James Lima, Award Winner Academy Awards for Special Effects in films "Total Recall", "Tage des Donners" and in many others, as well as Phil Se- Gal, vice president of Spielberg's company "Ambline Entertainment" - key figures project "Seaquest". They wanted to create high-quality TV series, only not for us much inferior in quality of special effects cinema. At the same time, the goal was to demonstrate reproduce the low ones inherent in TV, production costs. Amblin Advertising Group was tasked with researching market research - as a result it turned out that that the Amiga with the Video Toaster additive will provide calculates the most effective ratio price/performance. Next step - creation (with general project management Taylor Kurosaki and Philip Hayes) over 50 Video Toaster workstations based on Amiga 4000 computers. Taylor Kurosaki - right hand of James Lima, who passed the way from the decorative artist of the Seaquest project up toAmblin Supervisor. It was Kurousaki who made the comparison, especially especially for Rendering - calculation, software Lightwave software with application programs frames for SGI computers. Philip Hayes responsible for the operation of eight workers seats - two AmigaCHO00 computers each. He is also responsible for equipping more than 40 computers "Rendering-Farm" - system, in became legendary in a matter of weeks. She located in a small office inside the building Amblin, located on the territory Universal Studios in Hollywood. In addition to the Amiga, Amblin has at its disposal one Apple Quadra and one Indigo2 were in circulation from SGI. All these computers along with "Rendering-Farm", which manages more than 10 hard drives with a capacity of 1.2 GB, about connected to the network using a Novell server. Quadra system together with Adobe Photoshop in quality of software and ToasterLink (connected via serial telial interface combination Amiga/VideoToaster) is used, with one on the one hand, for character generation, and on the other - for recording special sequences tey. "The SGI computer states Philip Hayes - we use exclusively for simple and quickly calculating tasks. Hardware when equipped software "Alias", althoughbecome more productive, but for the production of Seaquest type products too expensive. So we turned everything down on the head: sometimes we quickly tried ideas on Indigo 2, so that later professional It's easy to perform them under LightWave." On Amiga during production 2-3 minutes - no computer animation was used mostly standard software provision. So, for example, ASDGs "ADPro" along with several additional mod- ly provides not only related to whole episodes layout, but also controls recording individual frames on laser displays ki. This approach is due to the fact that James Lima and his team were shortchanging to begin with. low resolution scenes without Anti-Aliasing and Motion-Blur (sharpness when movement). "As a rule, our artists can start discussing after lunch animation started in the morning and rewritten noah on the laser disc already in the first half day - explains Kurosaki and continues - This sequence of video frames is then goes to Universal Studios. A day earlier, in five Universal studios, produced filming footage for "Seaquest", which are now combined within the first, worker, editing with computer animation tion. Once the result of this working installationcomes back to us, we determine we divide which frames of the sequence are used used by editing operators, we are improving them, as needed, and then recalculated we create animations into images with high resolution cutting and with all optical special effects those provided by LightWave. The final calculated frames are directed are then - again with the help of the program - ASDG framework - per device digital recording on magnetic tape company Exabyte, which are installed in the system topics for recording/playback on hard Abekas discs, playable in real time and finally mounted on digital video recorders D1 format. "The Post Group" is responsible for preparation of film and video products. Last- This photo is made by re-shooting on 35mm film. But along with ASDG products when creating Denmark "Seaquest" was first used a number of other application programs. This programs for the Amiga "Dpaint IV AGA", and also "ImageFX" from GVP. Over the past couple of years, Amiga 3D gram packages have become widespread injury. They are increasingly used as television and in feature films max. Amblin Image by Steven Spielberg changedLightWave for creating underwater world in SeaQuest: DSV. 3D animations on Amiga used to create special effects com in the series RoboCop, presented on shows like the Emmy Awards and American Music Awards, and even on national television visionary advertising companies. Latest innovations - application yet more advanced platforms for 3D animation tion works ASDG/Elastic Realty's Exabyte container driver. This allowed the reset transfer images directly to a professional digital video recorder without the slightest software loss of quality. The company's ScreamerNet program NewTek and the Raptor device (together called created by Toaster Screamer) now allow work with LightWave 10 times faster, and Toaster Fly - making video creation even easier digital animation on the Amiga. As a result The Amiga is now very widely used professionals for whom above all else quality, quality and once again quality. This, however, does not mean that the demand of those who are not yet involved in television sion network (broadcast television), the remaining went unnoticed. So, for example, Personal Animation Recorder (PAR) by DPS eliminated the need for expensive single-frame records, making animation ve- careful quality affordable for ordinaryuser. Inexpensive VLabMotioon boards (video) and Tocatta (sound) from MacroSystem fully provide non-linear video editing in VHS and S-Video standards with real recording at 50 and 60 frames per second, in depending on the selected system (PAL or NTSC). While Amiga animation is gradually improved on Mac and PC platforms Significant progress has been made. Meaning The quality of display cards has improved significantly in these machines, are quite sharply reduced prices for Mac and PC systems, in some cases in teas they became even lower than in similar Amiga systems. Now some users tel, not counting graphics professionals, can afford to get carried away with 3D on PC or Mass. However, despite the success of their rivals, Amiga, which opened its second ten- anniversary, confidently maintains an advantage in the under- maintains a tradition of empowerment 3D graphics for ordinary users. She created a space for lovers who who are fascinated by 3D animation, and for graphic artists who want to spread bring unique 3D effects to television- nom air. And ten years after the appearance The Amiga remains the only computer rum, whichallows you to go so far- ko in the field of 3D animation, as far as is enough your talent. (Information and technical magazine "625" N2'96)
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