Amiga Sensor - Models of the Amiga.

Author: (c) Rom corp. / VVG
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               Hi Everyone!


    We still receive
article about AMIG'u. I certainly understand that
publications on this topic has already been plenty, but it 
seems to me, not complete (in a reasonable, of course, limits) 
of technical information materials. And behold, I tried to fit 
in this short article a little more diverse information. 
Immediately I must say, where and what models are available 
AMIG in nastoyuschee time:

1) by Amiga Technologies GmbH (VIScorp
GmbH) in Europe and QuikPak in USA:

   A1200 Magic

   A1200 Surfer

   A4000T/040

   A4000T/060 (A6000)
2) The German firm manufactures Eagle Computer model:
Eagle 1200TE, Eagle 1200TE/040
Eagle 1300TE Eagle 1200TE + Blizzard 1230/IV
Eagle 1600TE (Eagle 1200TE + Blizzard 1260)
Eagle 4000TE
as well as kits to upgrade the A1200 at A1200T
(Shuttle Boards)
3) The German firm manufactures Micronik
A1300, as well as kits to upgrade the A1200 in
A1200T
4) by Silent PAWS in the USA are made
Model Amiga-laptop: PAWS1200 and PAWS4000;
5) began production of clones Amigo Taiwan
by NewStar. Clones have a central
Processor M68000, built on the ECS chipset and equipped with 
built-in CD-ROM. Installed OS: AmigaOS 3.1. Cost: 180 USD.


    By 1997, the German firm Phase
5 digital products is planning to release
a new generation of computer - A / BOX. Sample characteristics: 
all components Computer protection in a single chip,

128-bit internal bus, the processor
PowerPC with a frequency of 500 MHz, split
video memory for the windows, two video outputs, two
video inputs, 4 physical channel 16-bit
sound.

    Amiga Surfer is different from the Amiga Magic
the fact that the A1200 Surfer = A1200 Magic + 2 "
270 Mb HDD + modem 14400 external + set
programs for Internet + 100 free hours of ibm.net.

    For many, still remain a mystery, some components of the 
processor set AMIG'i. So:


    Copper: a RISC-processor component
chipset. As befits a truly
RISC-processor, it has only three operations. Copper is the 
task of tracking position of the beam on and perform certain 
operations when the beam is given points. Due to different 
Copper portions of the screen can have different video modes, 
and located in different places of VRAM. Ability to "offset" 
screens AmigaOS - this is also the merit of Copper. However, 
like many beautiful effects in demah and toys.


    BLITTER: designed to "transfer"
and overlay graphics, vector drawing, and
painting the planes without the participation of
CPU. Due to this
during blittera processor can
engage in "their affairs."

  AGA: The very first on the Amiga was used
Chipset OCS (Original ChipSet) - already in 1984
was the very first Amiga he made available to 14-bit stereo and 
4096 colors on the screen simultaneously with the hardware

compression (mode HAM). In the next version - ECS (Enhanced) - 
added the possibility of arbitrary frequency control razvertki 
and new permits. Finally, modern chipset - AGA (Advanced

Graphics Architecture), completely removed all
restrictions on the color - now all
modes available to 16 million colors.
This whole line is maintained software compatibility: the 
program is well written for older chipsets are fully functional 
in the new. 

    All currently manufactured are based on the Amiga
AGA chipset. On the other hand, the possibility of
chipset does not limit the graphics capabilities of the 
machine: if you want to receive "Crazy" just to have a permit or

opportunity to connect more than one monitor, AMIGA easily 
extended graphics cards. Same goes for the sound - available 
multichannel audio card. 

    ON SPECIAL AMIG'OVSKIH MONITOR
Supports INTERLACE MONITORS FOR PRODUCTIVITY (NOT SURE), which 
gives AUTHORIZATION TO 1448 * 1132 + 262144 COLORS.

It is possible GLADCHAYSHAYA FULLSCREEN
ANIMATION at 50 Frames Per Second
You can simultaneously along the way and scroll full screen in 
any direction ... A which monitor is suitable for the Amiga? In 
principle, almost any. First, AMIGA 1200 comes with a cable for 
connecting to a TV, so you can start to work at all without a 
monitor. And in the presence of the monitor - Toys on TV with a 
huge diagonal look better. There are three ways to connect to a 
TV: the high frequency, low frequency - in this case, the sound 
needed to make TV or amplifier separately, and RGB

If you have since BC, Spectrum and other Soviet computer 
technology was the monitor type MS6105, MS6106 and the similar 
- they too will work as any other monitor with a refresh rate 
of television. Work well Monitors by ATARI, COMMODORE, and most 
other eight-bit machines.


    Their most best option for Amiga - it
the so-called Multisync monitor. This
monitor supports not only the television scanning frequency, 
allowing you to set high resolution. Specifically for the Amiga 
by Microvitec produced 14 and 17-inch monitors, which have this 
possibility, in addition, such monitors are released, or 
releasing some of the other firms (NEC, Toshiba, Nokia ...). 
Many Multisync-and allow you to set mode Super72 (800x600 and 
more). If You on the Amiga is any card,

then, depending on the capabilities of the monitor
can be used and the large permission.

    There is another option - use
SVGA monitor on the pc. But here there is a small problem. The 
fact that the pc and AMIG'e different frequency line scanning.

DOS allows you to set an arbitrary
refresh rate, and programs written
under DOS have different frequencies, and DOS'e
your monitor will work, but with toys, which themselves pose a 
television frequency, there will be trouble. To avoid this 
allow installation of the device unpretentious ScanDoublier, 
which converts the frequency scan just for SVGA monitor. This

joy only costs $ 40-50 and buy it
can be in Moscow Amiga companies.

    Note: for pc too, is peculiar
a similar problem when trying to use "non-native" monitor, for 
example, from workstations. If the monitor works, for example, 
only in 1024x768, or this resolution - at least that pulls

this monitor, you'll be using OS / 2 or Windows, but not even
can ... enter into SETUP. Not to mention
what about the toys, too, will be immediately forgotten.

    Now a little deviate from the topic and
consider a little more platform
compared with AMIG'oy. PROCESSOR 'MEMORY:
Yes, of course, AT COST pc powerful enough
Microprocessor. Take at least a stump. COOL, I should say Cars. 
BUT ... It is not a PROCESSORS, A CASE IN WHICH THE SOFTWARE 
THAT EXISTS FOR THIS COMPUTER. BOT, Take for example our 
favorite SPECCY: QUALITY FOR HIM - THE MOST Highest of all 
known to science desktops. Of course, graphics to lag behind, 
BUT WHERE YOU SEE CAR WITH 48K MEMORY FOR GAMES THAT INVOLVE 
Hundreds and thousands of game screens, software quality is 
comparable With a static image? AND SO, WHERE

NO Spit. WHY? Answer to this question
Just like a 2 * 2 - BECAUSE ALL SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE WRITTEN IN ASSEMBLERE. ON
AMMY programs are written EXCEPT ASSEMBLER'A
Also in C, which gives a code, the effectiveness Waive 
ASSEMBLER'U times in 1.5 WITH INSERTS ON PURE Assembler. NOW

pc: once upon a time not hitting PISYUKI
All speeds and memory, then writing
MORE PROGRAMS flexible use of the CPU capability. Time passed, 
GREW SPEED, MEMORY AND GREW POdoomALI Programmer: "Why should 
we bother?" We will write Pascal, STILL FOUR pull, but on

WE THREE NACHHAEM ... And come on, Let's go.
AGAIN As time went on, grew SPEED, grew up memory and POdoomALI 
Programmer: "Why U.S. tormented ON Pascal? Write on

CLIPPER'E, stump pull, and another LET
Come down from their older machines. "As a result, found that 
those problems are so PROUD PISYUCHNIKI, could easily WORK FOR 
386/25, rather than the GNU STOSHESTIDESYATOM. EVEN PISYUCHNYE 
JOURNALS, PARTICULARLY NEBEZIZVESTNY "COMPUTER PRESS WRITE

ABOUT THAT PROGRAM PRINT ON THIS LINE
NICE language (I am PRO CLIPPER) TAKE
150K, accompanying the word about these things THAT
This is certainly a bit much, but in principle it WILL ... YOU 
just think: 150K - printing program! A WIND THAT ON 486DX2/66 
HAMPERS As if they are written in BASIC in 1948 with the 
switched off turbo mode ... And how to create new version? TAKE 
OLD, SOME brakes (CHUUT bit, so that on those machines on which 
it WORKED, would be the brakes and on the AT WHICH TORNOZILA, 
STEEL WOULD NOT WORK), GET STEAM

OLD TRIP, ADD PAIR OF NEW, YES!
BUFERKI still increasing Raziq 2 ... AND
READY! Now you can shout for the whole
WORLD PRO NEW, TOP-NOTCH VERSION! WHAT TO DO
USER? Duc, the recipe is simple: you take a couple of hundred 
bucks and go UPGRA'DITSYA.


    Okay, all speeds YES SPEED, A
HOW TO THERE AMIG'e MEMORY? FOR ALL AMMY
The program defines the presence of additional memory and 
automatically USE, thereby eliminates the need Reactivation 
driver, etc. EXPANSION IN MEMORY OF AMMY possible standard SIMM

Modules up to 128MB. Well, where do we
so much? Maybe you can do less
amount of RAM? If you do not plan to drive software from 
Macintosh and heaped graphics packages, it is even enough for 
eight megabytes. If the plan - is better

sixteen or more - depending on needs. And where does software 
on the Macintosh? Since the Amiga and Macintosh, the same

processors, the Amiga using
ShapeShifter allows you to execute software from
McIntosh directly without programming
emulation of the CPU. This means that the speed of the software 
will the same as in the corresponding Mak'e

processor. Due to this we have available
all popular software - MS Word, Adobe
Photoshop and other well-known programs.
As McIntosh Claims
Memory - the car is very voracious, memory needed is not less 
than a real Mac. And do not dub the memory requirements y 
AMIG'i and pc - this is a fundamentally different platform. On 
pc - everyone knows that fewer 32M - not the computer.


    NOW PORTABLE TOY couple of examples from platform to 
platform: 

    EXAMPLE 1: Was SPECCY such a game
: NEBULUS, TAKE 30K. And there were GAME
TOWER.SHLA she TWAIN, sprites, and all graphics WAS replica 
NEBULUS'A, SPECIAL SPEED is also no difference (POTORMOZNEE 
NEBULUS'A a little) and takes SHE 350K.


    Example 2: There is a game MORTAL COMBAT
II. IS SHE ON pc. Everyone knows that it is better
TOTAL she goes on the stump. AND IS IT FOR
AMIG'E 600. AND IS IT FOR 7 MHz, AT 1 MGB
And at 4-floppy. And TRY DIFFERENT
From one another!

    And go back to AMIG'E and talk
PRO multitasking. NET, not about the enterprise Windows, but 
about THIS! TODAY USERS PISYUKOV probably TURMOIL

REPRESENT THAT IT IS THE SUBJECT OF THIS, A
MEANWHILE THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
From the outset it was turn towards
Multitasking. IT WAS STILL IN THE ERA widespread terminal 
systems, designed to work MULTIPLE People simultaneously. An 
old EG MACHINES VAX / VMS ON DUTY WITH HIGH

The triple (ISSUED BY THE WAY THE MID 70s)
ALLOW 5 operators to work freely.
This is possible through a robust hardware multitasking, 
AVAILABLE The virtual address, AUTOMATIC time slicing between 
processes DEPENDING ON privilege and, of course, the 
appropriate operating system. In general, the same principles 
IMPLEMENTED AND AMIGE BUT ALL POWER Multitasking HERE WORKS FOR 
ONE USER (Think of Copper, BLITTER AND

Paulo). AT LONG PISYUKAH would get
Imagine such things, BUT ... ARCHITECTURE miserable, does not 
change with 81 years was given, YES AND The processor does not 
allow it. Praise Multitasking panes - it's just a 
pseudo-multitasking PROGRAM TRIP, SO SAY, THEREFORE, AND BRAKES 
... OU is not intended PISYUCHNAYA architecture in 
multitasking! And the Amiga there is a sufficient number of 
operating systems, which in addition to multi-tasking and 
provide multiyuzernost: AmigaOS, Amix (UNIX System V), NetBSD, 
Linux, Minix, OS / 9, etc ... OS / 9 - a very "advanced" 
Multi-user operating system. It is outstanding representative 
of real-time OS, but its price is quite expensive - Amigovskaya 
version costs about 600 USD and gluttonous enough to the 
equipment. Amix - This releases more of its Commodore licensed 
version of UNIX System V, there even the special UNIX Amiga 
A3000UX, already shipped with UNIX. Pomimi AmigaOS sufficiently 
available and NetBSD Amiga. Amigovskih a lot of servers on the 
Internet is not under AmigaOS, and under NetBSD.


    Devices connected to the AMMY: Parallel port: PRINTERS - 
Connect any printer, all programs Noguchi WORK WITH YOUR TYPE 
OF PRINTER DRIVER THROUGH , SCANNER - able to scan, SOLID

Copies of the image. DIGITIZER ALLOWS
Digitize video in standard format. SAMPLER - able to scan SOUND 
AND CREATE SAMPLER-TOOLS. CONNECTOR PCMCIA: IF YOU broke 
Winchester CONNECT VIA Onboard, you can tyknut IT TO PCMCIA. 
This also Hustle and CD-ROM, WHAT DOES YOUR COMPUTER

(AGA) COMPATIBLE WITH ATTACHMENTS CD32, CAN
Also connect WORM DISCS or rewritable optical disk. Thanks CD
ROM there is an opportunity to sample
sound, if it allows the CD-ROM (for example,
ATAPI IDE Panasonic CR-572B allows precise), using, for 
example, the program TRKDownLoad from the package atapi_p'n'p. 
Sound reset to the HDD with any digit (16bit, 8bit, ADPCM), 
Stereo / Mono on request, with any sample rate. With this 
program, AtapiCheck from the same package, you can find 
opportunities a specific connection for the CD-ROM. The 
resulting soundtrack can be heard using a program such as 
Play16, understand the format WAV, AIFF, IFF, and just RAW 
(only audio data without the header). Maximum sampling rate 
Sound - 60 kHz, equal to twice Horizontal Frequency Monitor 
(sound selected from memory by DMA at a reverse

During the beam). You can listen to not only MOD, but
and S3M, XM, MTM, etc. by
Delitracker, PS3M, HIP, and many other players. But - the more 
channels, the more need a car fast. 68030/50MHz enough

completely. Although the eight-over - less than
plays and unextended A1200 ... There
and special music editor that can write music myself. But the 
choice of Editor's determined to write music. If the music is 
written with a view to insert it in any toy, demoshku etc.

- Better ProTracker-e. The reason is simple -
4-channel music is played hardverno,
without taking up the time machine and not interfering with the 
main program. If the goal - to write music as such, is the best 
option - Symphonie Pro. 255 channels of 16-bit sound recording 
sound tracks for CD. If there is a good synthesizer with MIDI

interface, you can use many types of sequencers Bars'Pipes.
The best quality option - buy
and connect WaveTable-card from the PC (eg, YAMAHA DB50XG) - a 
subsidiary boards, who "hang" on saundkarty PC.

Connects this board through a serial port. There also can be 
connected to any synthesizer, which has MIDI interface. C 
somewhat worse quality MIDI music You can listen to and 
programmatically, using the program GMPlay (but it is critical 
to speed of the machine).


    IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH BUILT-IN DRIVE 3.5 ~ TO 
CONNECT TO ANY OTHER CHOOSING: 5.25 ~ / 3.5 ~, DD / HD / SD 
(3520KB ON STANDART HD DISK). MORE MEMORY

Inserts BIT 32X expansion slot.

    IF YOU ARE DISSATISFIED WITH PROCESSOR
, PUT M68030 / 68040 / 68050 / 68060 ...
Or an accelerator. And what is, strictly speaking, is it? This 
board, plug-in, for example, in the A1200 and accelerating its 
work in several times. As time goes on

place demands on the speed and memory
computer has steadily increased, and standing in the base case 
processor 68020 and two megabytes of RAM no longer enough.

That every time you do not pay pererazvodit
machine, but users are not forced to suffer with
constant purchase / sale of another
"Motherboard" and related issues
(Example: you have to disassemble the computer, but it may be 
under warranty, but what if his people, and discuss something 
fails?), Y Amiga provides the ability to lock

available processors, then in the case
enters CPU, standing on the accelerator. Bottlenecks bus: 
memory and controller SSSI - brought to the accelerator itself. 
Accelerator inserted into the trapdoor expansion slot for

A1200 keyboard, and after installing the machine immediately 
ready for use. And on the A4000 processor is initially on a 
separate board installed in the CPU slot, thanks to What she 
just changed to a new. 

    It is also possible to put
battery and a mains-calendar / clock.

    And to expand the graphics capabilities AMIG'i there 
GENLOCK'i. This fee or a separate device that allows you to 
"impose" an image from your computer to video. With it being 
done a simple video montage: overlay titles

the video frame is computer-generated
images in the film ... The general principle of operation is as 
follows: draw a picture on the screen, one of the colors which 
is "transparent", ie instead of points this color we will see 
video. 

    Now the world PISYUK great popularity GOT DIFFERENT 
COMPUTER NETWORKS. IF YOU THINK THAT YOU ARE AT AMMY remain 
aloof from this movement, YOU COOL fail. THERE FOR AMMY 
opportunity to get to all networks that exist for PISYUK PLUS 
AMINET: SPECIALIZED AMIGOVSKAYA NETWORK. How to Speak ADVISED 
OF ADVERTISING FOR THIS NEED ONLY Computer, modem and 
EVERYTHING! TELEMARKET! But! Are there any mailing software? 
Naturally. The most commonly used in our packages

Spot (the best option for the Point) and Mail
Manager (for a node). The most famous mailer
- Trapdoor. Mailer here bink-style. By
subjective assessments, mailing software on
Amiga most successful, compared with a similar software on all 
other known platforms (UNIX, MS-DOS, MS-Windows,

MacOS).

    Many concerned about Russification
AMIG'i. And it should not bother you. Already exists and WORK 
BENCH, translated into Russian and many other programs. The 
only problem is the difficulty of the beloved and sinkleristami 
fidoshnikami 866 encoding popularly referred to as 
GOST-alternative. This is due to the fact that characters from 
0x80 to 0x9f are official. Therefore, soft and does not have to 
work with her. However, in practice, and postal software

(Spot / MailManager) and the editors
(ED / GoldED / DevPAc) allow you to work with
866 coding. Currently, discussion is the standard Russian 
encoding for AMIG'i. Two contenders: the encoding D. Mihailova 
and charset windows (1251).


    If you need to work with text, then
YOUR CHOICE OF MOUNT Word processor, EG, WORDWORTH 4SE, which 
can add graphics in the DOCUMENT use any fonts. The editor has 
BUILT-error correction (THIS WOULD BE AT SPECCY SO!) May 
represent text in AS table, there is macro system

(TOKEN) (BASIC 48 RULEZ !!!), ZOOM words so that they take the 
form Geometric shapes can be bent TEXT

RING, wave, or as you like, place the text at any angle and 
colored in Any color ... PUBLISHING SYSTEMS ALLOW MORE POOR 
pervert shaped as letters: Place them to within 0.1 mm, the 
text wraps PICTURE OR IMAGE TEXTS Scale WHATEVER, WHERE

Anything and any amount possible to get
TEXT TO FILL ANY Geometric shapes
INSIDE OR OUTSIDE OF ITS STREAMLINED.

    FOR LOVERS OF COUNT IS spreadsheet that allows almost ALSO
Perverts, BUT WITH THE NUMBERS (FINAL CALC).

    FOR LOVERS POBAZIT DATA IS AND
Such joy: DIGITAL DATASTORE - graphical database.

    For the programmer, there are plenty OF ANY
GOOD: BASIC, AREXX (VSTORENNY In AMMY
Language), through which you can communicate with
ALREADY Finished programs, many of whom
Have a "PORT" FOR AREXX. There are also BLITZ BASIC LANGUAGE 
AND AMOS, WHICH CAN BE Already written game for professionals 
offers in C. Several of them. Storm C + +, SAS C + +, Dice C + 
+, MAXXON C + + (all these compilers conform AT'T

3.0). The most "cool" ones - Storm C + +
together with the Storm Wizard. There is also GNU
C + +, but this is for fans to write under
UNIX (although in AmigaOS, in essence,
is UNIX, and a lot of software re-compiled for AmigaOS it with 
Unix through the same GNU C). SAS C + + also lets you transfer 
the source code to other machines. FOR THOSE WHO DO NOT LIKE C 
are also available AMIGA "E" FORTRAN, COBOL, LOGO, ETC ... OU 
AND OF COURSE, ASSEMBLER ...


    There are also packages specifically
Centric GRAPHICS FROM CONVENTIONAL graphics editor, allowing 
the generated images to complex Animation and three-RAY SYSTEMS

TRACING special effects used to create FILMOV.ESLI YOU THINK 
you have to do too steep AMIGA, you're wrong, THERE package 
(for example, CINEMA 4D), worked only in the 2 MB of memory and 
a little more demanding, but much more COOL-AS REAL 3D ... 
Ability to create a recursive graph DO NOT WORSE THAN OTHER 
desktops. FRACTALS USED FOR GENERATION OF LANDSCAPES, as close 
to reality as well as items such as stone, wood, ETC ... VIST 
BEST LITE GENERATOR FRACTAL LANDSCAPES. He needs TOTAL 2 MB RAM 
AND YOU Can generate entire worlds.


    On the Amiga, there are many emulators on other platforms. 
Including - even Amiga itself. Practically, there is enough

quality emulators ZX Spectrum (which
will be very convenient to users of this
platform over to the Amiga and not wishing to be in a totally 
unfamiliar environment), IBM PC 80486 Pentium (implement 
dynamic translation of code that dramatically improves 
performance), Yamaha MSX-2, Apple-2, Atari VCS / XL / XE / ST,

Commodore-64, Amstrad, GameBoy, BBC,
TRS-80, Sinclair-QL and many lesser-known computers and 
consoles. Will soon be ready emulator BK0010/0011. But with 
Amiga emulation on other platforms, there are some 
difficulties. UNIX AMIGA Emulator (UAE) exists for almost

all platforms, including Amiga itself. Available as source code 
in C. Emulates chipset OCS (1984), requires insanely high speed 
processor for more or less normal work (at a good workstation). 
Nevertheless, in many cases it is not able to reproduce the 
graphics and sound, completely identical original. Emulator ECS 
and AGA, ie modern Amigo does not exist.


    Let me say goodbye to this and finally express the hope 
that Amizhniki, after reading this article learn more about 
their computer and pc users to be

respect for the other
platforms.
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