EXLIBRIS
History. Russian bookplate.
Collectible item.
International Society. Literature
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С. A. Vul [5.2 kV]
Many owners of personal libraries stick-
placed on the inside of the binding or
covers of each book in its collection special
cially executed graphic work
small form - book sign, or ex-
libris (from the Latin "ex libris" - lit.
literally "from books"). Book sign, as the ancestral
For example, it is ordered from the artist, but sometimes
carried out by the owner himself.
Bookplate, so widely distributed now
wounded has an ancient history. Your
kind of prototype of the bookplate can be considered
clay tablets that the Egyptian headlight
on Amenophis III (1410-1375 BC)
ordered to be attached to scrolls or manuscripts.
The name of the owner was carved on these tablets.
tsa library, that is, pharaoh, and summary
contents of the manuscript. Similar "protoex-
libris" were also among the Assyrian king Ashur-
Banipala (669-663 BC), library
which consisted of 50 thousand tablets.
But in the understanding that is generally accepted
Today, the bookplate first appeared in Germany
research in the 15th century..Then the art of small graphics
such outstanding masters as
Albrecht Durer, Hans Holbein, Luca Cranach
and others. From Germany the custom of decorating books
gu bookplate spread to England,
Switzerland, France, Italy, and then to
America.
In Russia, a printed book sign received
distribution since the 18th century, although long before
this is why various times appeared on handwritten books
varied in content, often accurate and
aphoristic owner's inscriptions,
verifying the ownership of the book. Enlightened
great associates of Peter I owned significant
book properties that were significant for their time
wounds. Yes, Dm. Iv. Golitsyn owned a library
library with over 6 thousand volumes.
Each of them was equipped with a label with Latin
inscription: "From the library of Arkhangels-
something." Field Marshal Yakov Vilimovich Bruce had
library of 1,500 books, decorated with exli-
rice with the image of the owner's coat of arms; Ro-
Bert Arensky, personal physician of Peter I, also
ordered for my book collection (his
more than 4 thousand volumes) coat of arms. In the 18th century
bookplates that decorated the libraries of nobles
persons, were mainly stamped.
Relatively slowdevelopment of art
wa bookplate and its not very wide distribution
expansion in the 19th century gave way to prosperity
this genre of small graphics at the beginning of the 20th century
anniversary At this time, the artists of the group "Mir
art" by A. Benois, K. Somov, B. Kustodi-
ev, L. Bakst, M. Vrubel, E. Lanceray and others.
created a whole range of brilliant craftsmanship
and deep in content graphic works
in the book sign genre.
Modern bookplates are extremely diverse
unique both in topic and in their
artistic features associated with
individuality of the author of the sign and with taste
collector Selecting the subject of a book sign
determined by the nature of the book collection,
profession or hobby of the owner. Ex-
the libris pasted on the book is intended to
put, symbolize this or that personal
new library.
However, in addition to its main purpose,
nia, book signs, as a genre of small graphics
ki, back in the early 20th century. became on their own
subject of collecting. One of the first
Russian researchers and book collectors
of this sign was Udo Georgievich Ivask (1878-
-1922). Passionate collector, connoisseur of art
history of the book, U. Ivask published 26 pe-
extensive works on the theory and history of bookplates
sa. His three-volumework "Description of Russians
book signs" remains an indispensable resource
permanent allowance. U. Ivask was also
representative of the noble tradition of collecting
bookplate ditch: collect book signs,
study them in order to subsequently re-
give the collection to one of the state
storages.
Since 1953, the International
society of ex-librisists, which includes societies
for bookplate lovers from many countries
peace. Every 2 years International Society
organizes congresses during cat. provo-
exhibitions of artists' bookplates are being held
countries and competitions for the best book
signs.
For more detailed information about the use
history of the book sign and its modern
problems, the following basic principles will be useful:
literature:
1. Vereshchagin V. A. Russian book sign.
St. Petersburg, 1902.
2. Ivask U. G. Description of Russian books
signs. M., 1905-1918. Vol. 1-3.
3. Adaryukov V. Ya. Russian book sign.
M., 1921.
4. Book signs of Russian artists /Under
ed. Mutpoxuha D. I., Neradovsky P. I.,
Sokolovsky A.K. Pg., 1922.
5. Proceedings of the Leningrad Ex-libri Society
sistov. L., 1924-1931.
6.Lasunsky O. Book sign: Some
problems of study and use / Intro.
Art. Berkova P. N. Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House.
University, 1967.
7. Minaev E. N., Fortinsky S. P. Exlib-
fig. M.: Book, 1970.
8. Ivensky S.G. Masters of Russian bookplate
rice L.: Artist of the RSFSR, 1973.
9. Ivensky S. G. Book sign: History,
theory, practice of art. development. M.: Book
ha, 1980.
10. Moscow bookplate club: In memory
ki meetings. M., 1965-1982. Vol. 37-226.
Reprinted with abbreviations: Brief reference
book lover's reference book / Comp. and general ed. A.E.
Milchina. M.: Book, 1984, p. 306-311.
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