About linguistics

About linguistics

                    by Alone Coder

When I was young, my father corresponded in Esperanto, my
grandmother taught Russian, my aunt tutored English, and my
grandfather, a WWII veteran, sometimes used German expressions.

In the summer of 1989, when we were in a village, my cousin was
relearning from French to English before entering college, and
at the same time brought the book "Problems of the Linguistic
Olympiads 1965-1975" from somewhere. It really sank into my
soul, although I couldnt understand it when I was young. We
little ones copied all sorts of Korean symbols from there and
used them for ciphers in games involving burying treasure (at
that time there was such a theme - "dancing men" in the film
about Sherlock Holmes). These games continued for many years,
with different encryption systems, some were taken from the
magazine "Tram" (published since 1990 ).

Since 1991, I have been playing ZX Spectrum games almost
exclusively in English. That's how I learned it.

In 1992, I had a leg broken and, out of boredom, I tried to
compose my own artificial language like Esperanto, based on
Russian, English and German.

From children's books on linguistics I read in those days:

• Ivanova Vera Andreevna, Potiha Zinoviy Aronovich, Rosenthal
  Ditmar Elyashevich. Interesting about the Russian language.
• Uspensky Lev Vasilievich. A word about words.
• Orlov Oleg Petrovich. Come back to us, Maclay!
• Vartanyan Eduard Aramaisovich. Journey into the word.
• Golanova Elena Ivanovna. How do names come about?
• Kuzmishchev Vladimir Alexandrovich. The secret of the Mayan
  priests.
• Nosov Nikolai Nikolaevich. The story of my friend Igor (by the
  way, I still continue to write down words said by my children).

In 1997, I studied shorthand before entering college, even
inventing his own systems, taking into account my experience in
encryption. All this was not needed - I was fast enough to write
down lectures in ordinary letters, but I changed them instead of
using the school handwriting drawn by some anonymous enemy of
the people (later I found out that this is typical - all the
available samples of the bosses handwriting at my factory have
at least printed "т" and "х").

In December 1999, I wrote the first article on linguistics:
Russian language FAQ (published in ZX-Guide #3 ).

In 2003, I was actively involved in refuting the work of A. T.
Fomenko and A. A. Bushkov (published in Fantadrom #4 ) - there
are 480 kilobytes, a whole book. At the same time, I began to
make extracts on linguistics (in particular, a dictionary of
units of measurement) and other topics, each topic is a separate
file. As of August 2004, there were already more than 100 files
(the total volume was more than a megabyte), now there are more
than 900 (about 70 megabytes).

In 2003-2006, I wrote a large reference book on the history of
the papacy. I started learning Latin, Italian, German, but it
didnt work out. I tried to interest my friends, various
historians, Catholics and teachers of the Ryazan State
University - no one was interested. So I froze it:
http://alonecoder.nedopc.com/hist/papa32c.rar

2004 - I began to compile a list of Slavic roots, tables of PIE
correspondences and intra-Germanic correspondences.
2004-2005 - studying Old Russian, Old Church Slavonic, German.
Table of intra-Slavic correspondences.

In December 2004, I wrote a short analysis of discrepancies
between copies of "The Tale of Igors Campaign" (ACNews #36).

In the same December 2004, I wrote "About Guyuk, the Yixsur
language, one major mathematician and another famous writer"
(ACNews #37) - https://zxpress.ru/article.php?id=17984

At first it was difficult to get access to good literature on
linguistics, except for dictionaries. It developed in 2004 like
this (I had just joined the RU.LINGUIST echo conference):

• Varga B. and others. Language, Mathematics, Music.
• Minkin A. A. Toponyms of Murman.
• "Russian speech" 4'80 (about "Book of Veles" and Sulakadzev ).
• Maslov Yu. S. Introduction to linguistics.
• Laurentian Chronicle.
• Ipatiev Chronicle.
• Perry Tad. The Quick and Dirty Guide to Japanese.

In 2005:

• Novgorod 1st Chronicle of the older and younger editions.
• Plato. Cratylus.
• Old Slavonic language. Tutorial.
• Lvov's Chronicle.
• Powell Terence. Celts are warriors and magicians.
• Ermolovich D.I. Proper names at the intersection of languages
  and cultures.

In 2006:

• Lurie Y. S. All-Russian chronicles of the XIV-XV centuries.
• Tvorogov O.V. What is "Book of Veles"?
• Florya B.N. Tales of the beginning of Slavic writing.
• Kolesov V.V. Historical phonetics of the Russian language.
• Sobolevsky A.I. Slavic-Russian paleography.
• Meshchersky N. A. Sources and composition of ancient
  Slavic-Russian translated writing of the 9th-15th centuries.
• Kulbakin S. M. Ancient Church Slavonic language. I.
  Introduction. Phonetics.
• Yolkina N. M. Old Church Slavonic language. Tutorial.
• Likhachev D.S. Poetics of Old Russian Literature.
• Sofronov M.V. Introduction to the Chinese language.
• Rau F. F., Slezina N. F. Methods of teaching pronunciation in
  a school for the deaf.
• Ivanova I.P., Chakhoyan L.P., Belyaeva T.M. History of the
  English language.
• Komissarov V. N., Koralova A. L. A manual of translation from
  English into Russian.
• Chukovsky K.I. From two to five; Alive as life.
• Hindi tutorial.

2006 - studying Old English, Italian, phonetics, children's
language. List of Slavic-Romance correspondences (tables
verified in RU.LINGUIST )
In 2006, I wrote about Russian translations of "Winnie the Pooh"
(with an attempt to start my own) -
https://zxpress.ru/article.php?id=18577 and about the authorship
of "Gavriiliada" - https://zxpress.ru/article.php?id=18576
At the same time, I translated Pavel Shumil's story "Cat's
House" into English -
http://dragonbase.nek0.net/text/R-10-EN.TXT

• later I also drew a comic based on it:
  http://alonecoder.nedopc.com/lit/kd.html
  At the same time, based on "Basic English" and my list of Slavic
  roots, I tried to invent "Basic Russian" for use in computer
  game "Big L", which I ultimately never completed (demo version:
  http://alonecoder.nedopc.com/zx/bigl_demo.rar and other
  materials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDTV57ayqDk ). This
  was the beginning of the "planned Russian language" project.
  In 2007, I connected home Internet. From that moment on, I began
  to read not only books, but also tons of articles on
  linguistics, as well as forums and wikis. I was studying Polish
  and general grammar. Jespersen. I started using Vasmer's
  dictionary. I began to compile a table of intra-Romance
  correspondences.
  In 2008 I founded Orthowiki. At first there were 5 of us (me,
  Kalan, Infovarius, Deevrod, and Aleksandrit ). But very soon
  everyone fled. The site is now hosted by Slaven (it was at my
  request that he obtained a rare article by David Cohen on
  palatalizations).
  2008 - list of Slavic prefixes, lists of aspects and
  conjugations of the Russian verb, table of the English ablaut. I
  was studying the Old Novgorod dialect, Lithuanian, morphonology,
  and Indo-European. Krasukhin, Dybo, Kortlandt, Shevelev,
  Bogoroditsky, Golev. Basic Russian project again, using Slavic
  roots close to Germanic. 3rd palatalization.
  2009 - I studied Russian dialects (Durnovo, Panov, Nikolsky,
  Deulino dictionary ), Russian as a foreign language. Work on
  "planned Russian". Sharov. Complete list of Russian declensions.
  Started using ЭССЯ, СРНГ. I also studied Latin, French, general
  morphology. Gamkrelidze and Ivanov, Niederman.
  2009-2010 - I began to compile Russian accent rules, a list of
  suffixes, and axioms of linguistics. I studied lexicostatistics
  (Starostin, Hoijer), semantics (Werzbicka), Gothic, Greek.
  Savchenko, Meillet, Vaillant, Birnbaum, Kuznetsova, Efremova,
  Mamedov, Dictionary of the Russian Academy, "Issues of
  Linguistics". I tried to learn Japanese, but it didnt work out.
  I was inspired by the system of proficiency levels there, where
  there is literature for each level. There is nothing like this
  for the Russian language. In 2009-2012, there was the main work
  on planned Russian - word lists, rules, publication plan.
  2011 - studying general phonetics, general etymology, Hittite.
  Kodzasov, Tronsky, Pisani, Zhuravlev. Discussion of the Germanic
  substrate at Lingvoforum. Asmangulyan, Mailhammer, Huebschmann.
  I removed Germanic, Armenian, and Hittite from the base
  languages. I studied accentology, aspectology, and the theory of
  language complexity. Dybo, Zaliznyak, Maslov, O"sten Dahl,
  Kusters. I started using Sreznevsky's dictionary.
  2011-2012 - comparison of the dictionaries of Ushakov and
  Ozhegov. I studied Ukrainian, language construction,
  macro-comparative studies, phonosemantics, Iranian languages,
  general syntax. Lyons, Testelets, Plungyan,
  Baudouin-de-Courtenay, Marrists, Krizhanich, Zamenhof, Isaev,
  Vovin, Neroznak, Edelman, Polesie Lexicon. Started using
  Derksen's dictionaries.
  2012-2013 - studying Czech, modern laryngeal theory, exotic laws
  (Winter, Weiss, Cowgill, etc.), palatalization theory (Nicoleta
  Bateman). Geography of the fricative g, kw/cw, features of yat
  in different positions. Correspondence table for Russian
  accents. I met the candidate of philological sciences M. S.
  Yastrebov-Pestritsky at a sanatorium. I wrote an article about
  Slavic palatalizations. Started using the 3rd (Baudoin's)
  edition of Dahl's dictionary.
  2013-2014 - studying Serbian, Albanian, microlanguages. Lists of
  metatheses, epentheses, dissimilations, contaminations, word
  splits, semantic parallels.
  2014-2015 - list of contractions in frequency words, list of
  innovations in Lithuanian. I studied Bulgarian, Old Polish and
  other dictionaries. Shapoval's criticism on dictionaries.
  2016-2017 - transferring the lists to Excel. Started using
  Pokorny and LIV. I studied Sanskrit, Latvian and Latgalian.
  Lubotsky, Sayenko, Filkova, "Code of ancient written information
  about the Slavs", Aethicus Ister, language maps. Model of the
  spread of Indo-European languages, theory of the lexical core of
  PIE. The first version of the Proto-Balto-Slavic Swadesh list.
  List of Slavic words of the preliterate period.
  2018 - lists on haplology, typos. I collected cases for sm-,
  kw-, gw-, gwh-, -sk'-. "Aspects of comparative studies", Leiden
  dictionaries.
  2019 - began writing a program article on the core PIE. Started
  to compile a complete table of Balto-Slavic correspondences
  according to the Lithuanian dictionary.
  2020 - began writing a second article on the core PIE.
  "Balto-Slavic Studies".
  2023 - extracted Proto-Balto-Slavic data from that article and
  developed it separately. Finished the second article about the
  core PIE (Swadesh-207 list).

The second article about PIE is ready for publication: Bystrov,
D. M.; Yastrebov-Pestritsky, M. S. 2023. The lexical core of
Proto-Indo-European language: the complete Swadesh list // Libri
Magistri. Scientific peer-reviewed journal of Magnitogorsk State
Technical University. G.I. Nosova. - Magnitogorsk. 2023. No. 4.

The article on Proto-Balto-Slavic turned into a book of 218
pages (Bystrov D.M.; Yastrebov-Pestritsky M.S. Basic dictionary
of the Proto-Balto-Slavic language) and is now being prepared
for publication by the URSS publishing house. There are three
reviews.