Country of Advice - Recovering disks with a completely destroyed system track.

      
-[ ьу Dr.Yirus/MDO ]------------------------------------------ 
                    
Recovering disks with a completely destroyed system track 
---------------------------------------------------------------- 
Today I, Uncle Virus, will teach the art of restoring dis- 
ka with a completely erased zero road. If, God forbid, 
Such a problem happened to you, and copies of the road on track 159 are not 
then this article is for you! Here I will teach you how to restore 
BASICS, code files, Mouzons, sources, etc.             
                                                   
To restore a disk you will need: STS of any version, 
C0NYEO Commander and your own brains. Moreover, the more 
brains and computer experience, the better.                
                                    
First you need to be safe. Hey, where are you going?! You can't 
take everything so literally! I just meant that in order to avoid 
prevention of damage to the restored disk (otherwise it’s already in trouble 
got it) you need to copy it to another blank disk, on which 
torus and this action will be carried out. And you need to copy 
from the 1st track to the 159th. This can be done with any track-based computer. 
peering tool, which allows you to enter the numbers of the copies to be copied 
tracks. I usually use Honey Commander.                  
                                                                
Now load Doctor from another disk and view zero 
sector on the first road. There, many users (and even me) 
usually located boot. Let's start with it. Other users who have 
boot is in the middle or at the end, they can skip this 
part of the text.                                                   
                                                             
I must say,that boot and, of course, any BASIC, has a number 
features that distinguish it from files of other types (here we are talking 
will talk about file dump):                                          
                                                             
+ the first four bytes are the line number;                  
+ codes #0D are often found, followed by either a number 
  next line, or code #3A (colon);                   
+ the same with code #0E, followed by five bytes of numbers, 
  of which the first, second and fifth are usually zeros;         
+ the bootloader launch address is almost always found in the codes;   
+ if BASIC loads the program in separate files, then 
  names of these files are found.                                 
                                                                
These and many other differences that I did not mention will help 
You can tell BASIC from a code block. If you are in doubt, 
load this block into the STS using the [SS]+L function. Those who don't 
doubts they can do the same thing, since it’s coming 
time to determine the BASIC length. Install the first track 
sector zero, quantityreadable sectors - one, address 
downloads - 23867. Before downloading, it’s good to clear the memory c 
addresses 23867 at, so to speak, 40000 in order for the remainder 
the bootloader of the monitor itself did not interfere with the search.                    
                                                                
Note (not relevant): if anyone wants my reasoning 
may seem lame, think about other potential 
readers who are not such cool coders, but already 
they know how to screw up zero tracks. Have you thought about it? That's great. 
Now let's get down to business.                                       
                                                                
After we have loaded BASIC, we need to find its end. Here 
this is where your knowledge comes in handy. Remember that code #0D is 
only an end-of-line marker, not the program itself.  B some 
cases, if the author of BASIC did not mock him, the end 
programs can be identified by code #80. Just be careful 
ny: this code may be left, for example, in the code download 
chick. If BASIC turned out to be longer than one sector (at 
example, is protected by a protector or is not a bootloader, but a self- 
my ordinary BASIC program), download more 
sectors. If BASIC is protected in any wayprotector (system 
protection against burglary), then depending on the type of protector it has 
a certain length. For example, all the programs on my disks, 
protected by the KSA ENCOYPTI0N DEYICE system, have a length of 496 
byte. Did you find the end?  Now let's determine the length:                   
 ENDING_ADDOESS - 23867 = LENGTH_0F_BASIC. 
Write this number down on a piece of paper.                                  
                                                                
If BASIC loads sectors behind it (monoblock), then you need 
find out how much. When loading, usually the number of sectors loaded is 
is placed in register B, the number 5 is loaded into register C and called 
boot procedure at address 15635. If the bootloader has 
turbo loader with direct VG programming, then in C there is nothing 
is loaded, and in B there is still the number of sectors. Be careful - 
new: the loader can load several blocks and place them in 
different memory pages, and the loaded program after expansion 
forging can also load something.  The found length of the secto- 
write down the ditch on a piece of paper if several blocks are loaded, 
sum them up. In the event that the prog is protected by a protector, 
write down #FF on a piece of paper.  The length of such a monoblock will have to be 
nagother methods.                                        
                                                                
Now we have all the data to proudly include in the bottle 
-sector first heading. This must be done in DOCTOR. I remind you: 
the first eight bytes are the file name, then one byte of the extension, 
two identical words of length (for those who don’t know: a word is 
sixteen-bit number, that is, a number that can be written 
hexadecimal requires two bytes. For example: 40000 = 
#40 #9С, 65535 = #FF #FF.) If the length is less than 255 (and this is more often the case 
everything happens), it is also written in words. For example: length 
243, #F3 #00 is written. After two words of length comes length 
file in sectors, and then the initial sector/road               
file. We know them: 0/1.                                        
                                                                
Now exit Doctor, go to the menu and select the option 
"Erase." For what?  And then, having tried to fulfill this 
command and not finding the marked sectors, C0NYEO will lead to 
order of the disk directory, namely: will specify the number of files, as 
existing and erased, free space, etc. Let you 
I'm not confused by the number of free sectors. It will not interfere with work 
thoseTry running the file. If it started and worked like 
it should be, then you can feel the joy of your first success in bocctaho- 
disk pressure. If, after loading BASIC, the screen appears: 
la the inscription "Nonsense in BASIC" or the friendly "0K", which means 
BASIC length is defined incorrectly. In this case, do 
all over again.  Take a closer look: maybe you are something 
missed it? If you can’t find the length, don’t pacctpa- 
Be warned: this happens.  In this case, download BASIC into 
48K6 mode and, ignoring the message that appears, forced 
but download to _OTHER_ disk with the command SAYE "FILENAME" LINE XX. 
Then load this BASIC from the recovered disk into the monitor 
tor and load sector blocks following the bootloader commands, and 
then download them to a disk with a loaded bootloader in the form of 
useful files. If the bootloader is protected, then just load 
x number of sectors. If the program works, then merge the files into 
some Commander that supports this function. If 
no, then... I can’t help you with anything, because... I have after the last one 
procedures worked even the most buggy loaders. If you want 
then contact me, we'll figure it out together :)                    
                                                                
How to find out the lengthprotected monoblock, which we have identified 
like #FF? Cnoco6 first: if you have Scorpio or another computer 
A yuter with access to a shadow area, try falling into it 
after loading the loader, unpacking it and further loading. 
In the shadow market you can try to find the corrupted bootloader and 
determine how many sectors it loads. Unfortunately, from not- 
with which sophisticated systems erase the shadow after 
Rasksorki, this number will not work.  Such systems include 
"OOION PO0TECTI0N SYSTEM" BY 0rion from Digital Oeality.        
                                                                
If the file on the disk is not the last one, try walking from the 
move the file forward along the disk and try to find the beginning of the next one 
file. If you succeeded, then the length of the previous file, i.e. 
what you are looking for is calculated using the formula:                            
 len_sec=(tr2-tr1)*16+(sec2-sec1) 
where tr2 is the starting track of the next file, tr1 is the starting track 
track of the previous file, sec2 - correspondingly the initial one 
sector next file, sec1 - start. sector of the previous file.      
                                                                
So, we have already learned how to restore BASIC. Like bocctaho- 
should I post a compiled Mouzon? If hewith a player, then remember 
which teams are at the top of most players. Correct 
but,LD HL,MVSIC:JP XXXXX:JP XXXXX.It’s these commands that 
should be oriented.  Moreover, you need to look not only at 
ASCII dump table, but also for codes, and look for the required commands in 
at the very beginning of the sector, because in the middle of the sector, as we 
We know it’s impossible to write it down. Command code LD HL,XXXXX - #21 #NN 
#NN. JP code is #C3.  The words in the player can say a lot: 
PO0-TOACKEO 2.1 BY G0LDEN DISK, KSA S0FTWAOE C0MPILATI0N 0F and 
etc.                                                            
                                                                
If Mouzon is not compiled, then the first byte is usually the tempo 
For the lion's share of editors, it cannot be more than #0F or less 
she #03. Actually, there are two cnoco6a, how to recognize Mouzon. First 
- upload sectors as a separate file to another disk and load 
it into some player that can search for downloaded music 
wife's block. The second is to compile (or not to compile) 
left Mouzon in the appropriate editor and view it 
in the Doctor to understand his characteristic oco6ehhoctu.            
                                                                
As for the sources, they can be easily recognized byabundance 
tags, addresses, etc. It is unlikely that you will be able to find the teams themselves, because... 
they are most often encoded as one byte. At ALASM, at the very beginning, 
The source code contains eight bytes of the file name and one byte of the extension. 
Rhenia. TASM version 3.01 has this written at the end of the source code: 
that this is TASM ly Ost7 and so on (I don’t know how in other versions 
yah).                                                            
                                                                
That's it. After restoring the remaining files, discard them 
to another disk, format the original and write them there 
                                                                
That's it. After restoring the remaining files, discard them 
to another disk, format the original and write them there 
new. And don't forget to make a copy of the zero road on the 159th road 
ke and update it periodically. Well, if the disk is still killed, 
then go ahead, gain experience in disk recovery. For one 
The disk takes me about noon, provided that it is full 
half. If you are in doubt what type a file is 
(muson, source or something else), don’t be lazy, download 
file from the editor or assembler and compare it with the restored one 
vyvaemymi. Good luck!P.S. If someone doesn’t understand the content of the article or just 
doesn’t want to bother with disk recovery - take it to 
me. So be it, I will restore it to you for a certain amount :).      
                                                                
R.P.S. This article was written on the night from March 16 to March 17, 2000 
year. Big tnanx for moral support then: Blackmour's Night and 
Tiamat...                                                       
                                                                
      
-[ ьу DJ MAX/XTS/MDO ]------------------------------------------------------- 
                    
 (=- DJ MAX was here -=)                  
--------------------------------------------------------------- 
Hello, my friends. Here you will find a series of articles for beginners 
composers.                                                     
                     
The most important thing that is necessary for this creative process is 
this is, of course, an ear for music (not to be confused with the ability to sing), 
desire and a little imagination.                                     
                                                                
First, you should choose a music mode that is convenient for you. 
daktor. At the moment there are a great many of them: Sound Tracker 
KSA Tracker Pro, ASC Sound Master or simply ASM, Pro Tra- 
cker's of various modifications, editors for writing "digital 
wok" (Digital Studio, Digital Music Maker, and others). Existence 
There are also four-channel editors, but first we will use 
use three-channel, for example: Pro Tracker, any version 
(hereinafter referred to as RT).              
      
So, we have selected the editor. Now let's move on to the tools. Vo- 
Firstly, it should be said that if you are unable to “cook” uhctpymeh-you, they can be borrowed from other Mouzons, removing all the pat- 
thorns.                                                          
                                                                
- WAONING - Do not delete patterns using the "Clear song" option 
             because all instruments and patterns will be erased 
                                                                
Instruments can be divided into tone instruments, which, depending on 
from the octave can sound in the bass or main part;  drums 
(bass drums - “barrels”, snare drums, hats and cymbals); 
as well as various effects. In any case, Sample - instruments, 
and Image - effects. They can be ucnpo6obatb for sound. For this 
it is necessary to place any note in the main pitch, and next to it, where 
costs 4 zeros, instead of the first one put one of 16 samples (1-F) 
Experiment by changing the octave and playing different notes. For 
to obtain various effects, instead of the next zero, you need to 
put F, and in place of the third zero any of the 16 images (1-F) 
Experiment with the same images with different samples.     
     
Interesting effects can be achieved by operating with volume (what 
hard zero can be changed to 16 different volume levels 1- 
F, with F being the highest volume).                        
                                                                
- WAONING - If samples, effects and 
            volume, then you don’t have to set them for each note 
            because By default, all previous settings are accepted. 
            blowing notes.                                          
                                                                
In addition, RT has its own commands installed for 
each position. But it’s still too early for this.                        
                                                                
       +------ornament (image)                                 
+------|+-----volume                                         
|A-2 1F2F|                                                      
|... ....|                                                      
|E#2 1FF.|                                                      
|    |+-------envelope +--------tool (sample)      
      
So, in a clean pattern we put an instrument and effect in any channel
and volume in the very first note; Then we'll try to hit any
a melody that comes to mind, using octaves from 3rd and higher.  Pe-
we go in the same pattern to the adjacent channel, to the first note of the setup
add another tool (usually not used for 6aca
image), volume and using the 1st and 2nd octaves, we write some
some suitable bass line.                               
                                                                
It's more difficult with percussion instruments. Here you need to come up with a rhythm and
calculate exactly at what moment which drummer should sound.
Next, select a note (according to the best sound for each drummer) and
we arrange them in the required sequence on the mill of the third stage -
along with an indication for each note of the instrument.            
               When finished, you can exit the editing mode and listen
the resulting melody (Play Pattern).                              
                                                                
Having written several patterns, you can set an algorithm for following them
(i.e. for each position, indicate your own pattern, sound speed
the melody that comes to mind, using octaves from the 3rd and higher.  Pe-
we go in the same pattern to the adjacent channel, to the first note of the setup
add another tool (usually not used for 6aca
image), volume and using the 1st and 2nd octaves, we write some
some suitable bass line.                               
                                                                
It's more difficult with percussion instruments. Here you need to come up with a rhythm and
calculate exactly at what moment which drummer should sound.
Next, select a note (according to the best sound for each drummer) and
we arrange them in the required sequence on the mill of the third stage -
along with an indication for each note of the instrument.            
                                                                
When finished, you can exit the editing mode and listen
the resulting melody (Play Pattern).                              
                                                       
Having writtenseveral patterns, you can set an algorithm for following them
(i.e. for each position, indicate your own pattern, sound speed
and looping.                                         
                                                                
 then b continued...