Micro #26 31 января 2000

Фидо

Network - Network Relcom (Relcom); Network "SET Bliz"; noncommercial FTN-sovmetismye network.

                   Network



        5.1. Network Relcom (Relcom)


   a. The operating organization - MNIOPK
"Demos."


   b. 1990 - establishment of a network (ITC IAE them
Kurchatov and MNIOPK DEMOS). Members
2 UNIX machines exchange information on
developments in the field of operating systems.

   1990 August - network includes 30 organizations - members of 
the Soviet organization of users of UNIX. Established contacts 
and exchange messages with the European network EUNET. 

   1991 Spring - Connecting to a network of business 
structures. The beginning of exponential growth in subscriber 
numbers. 

   1991, summer - you become a network
government agencies (Ministry of
Economics, Finance, State Bank, etc.) involvement in a network 
of independent news Agencies: (Interfax, POSTFACTUM, Economic 
News Agency, RIA etc.)


   1991, Fall RELCOM become a recognized
and popular means of interaction
business, research and
control structures throughout the
USSR.

   1992 Spring - Create Joint Stock Company RELCOM.

   RELCOM (RELCOM) - 60000 users
of the 2500 institutions in 260 cities. 400 megabytes per day 
internal traffic, 40 MB - foreign. 

   RELCOM - is a network messaging
combining postage machine in the
throughout the country. As a national network
RELCOM is part of a European network
EUNET, so the network subscriber RELCOM
extends agreement to exchange e-mail messages that exist between
network network EUNET and with international
networks like INTERNET, UUNET, BITNET, compuServe and others, 
with the number of subscribers worldwide networks of more than 
1000000. 

   "Nodes" machines located in major cities, provide an 
exchange of letters and dissemination of messages in your phone 
regions. 

   Regional centers are combined RELCOM
dedicated communication channels, switched
channels of conventional telephone network, or use the channels 
of specialized telephone network Iskra-2. 

   Custom machines are associated with
regional hub switched telephone lines.

   On the technical side RELCOM represents a set of regional 
machines, each of which provides for the exchange of messages 
in my phone and transmits the intercity region of origin of 
another regional car. 

   Hardware base of two Moscow regional network of centers 
provides the opportunity to work up to 300 telephone channels, 
As units of the machine used a computer type MicroVAX.


   The network has regional hubs in Moscow,
Kiev, Novosibirsk, Barnaul, Tallinn,
Riga, planned to create more nodes in
10 other cities.

   Currently, 15 thousand subscribers of
80 cities throughout the country use e
Mail RELCOM.

   E-mail is an
geographically distributed system of delivery of messages based 
on the known protocol UNIX-to-UNIX. Transmission of messages in 
network is switched channels in the accumulation mode, which 
makes it impossible for the system users in real time. Relcom 
network subscribers are able to use the computing resources of 
some foreign IBS (Eg, INTERNET, BITNET).


   The average exchange time, distortion-free messages, 
graphics, program is two hours, but no more than four hours to 
anywhere in the world. 

   When you connect to RELCOM, the user
gets the opportunity to correspond to
e-mail as with other subscribers
RELCOM, as well as with international callers
networks. He can receive messages on the USENET newsgroup 
topics that interest him and send your own message 
teleconference participants have access to public archives, 
existing on some of the larger machines in RELCOM,

and in other related networks in
around the world.

   B is currently a network IASNET and Relcom
conjugate using a 4-port Gateway
Sold on EBM with the operating system UNIX.


   c. Services provided:

   - E-mail

   E-mail intended for the exchange
messages between users on the network RELCOM and other networks 
that are compatible on the format communication with the 
network INTERNET. Messages consist of a header containing the 
service information and text, which allowed

'All' (the letters of the Russian and Latin alphabets, binary 
codes, graphics). Communication Users with e-mail going through 
the postal system Mail, which allows you to send and receive 
messages, sort them, write to the archive search the archives, 
and more. Each network user is address to which mail programs 
determine where to deliver messages for him.


   - Teleconference USENET

   USENET newsgroup is for the exchange of news between users 
from around the world. Anyone with access to USENET, can read 
any message or send it himself. To gain access to USENET,

You need to find a car related to your
and having access to the teleconference. Through
it, you'll receive and send messages. Messages are exchanged
teleconference participants. have the same
view that e-mail messages, but contain
in the header, some additional fields.
Newsgroup messages are divided into
interest groups - "news-group." Now there are several hundred
"News-groups", the amount of information in them is about 5 
megabytes per day. Programs news reader can subscribe to a 
conference participant groups that he wants to receive.


   - E-newsletter

   Electronic newsletter - The
Teleputing Hoteline. The network is open RELCOM
subscribe to electronic newsletter
The Teleputing Hoteline. This newsletter
is published twice a week (1 issue - about
18 KB), edited in Atlanta (USA)
London (England). Russian version of The Teleputing Hoteline is 
published in 5 hours after his arrival overseas. Hte Teleputing 
Hoteline prepared based on news supplied by the independent 
news agency Newsbytes News Network Development of electronic 
and computer industry and communications. 


5.2. NETWORK "SET Bliz" (ELECTRONIC SYSTEM

                TRADE)


   a. Operating entity - a limited liability partnership -
Company ETB Blitz. "


   b. The system provides a centralized database that stores 
information with proposals to clients. The system is 
implemented as a local area network PC with access to external 
users through the public switched telephone network.



   c. Network "SET Blitz" allows customers to:
 - Provides instant direct transactions with
known here as a result;
 - Receive information on the status and market conditions;
 - To work around the clock from any
point.

   Company ETB Blitz offers customers the opportunity to 
purchase the entire system. 


6. NON-PROFIT FTN-COMPATIBLE COMPUTER
               Terna NETWORK


   This is a very common standard,
which now guided hundreds of amateur and commercial networks 
around the world appeared relatively recently, in May

1984, in parallel with the emergence of
the world's largest amateur network FidoNet. Further 
improvement and development of FTN standard occurred 
synchronously with this global computer network.



               6.1. FidoNet


   Laziness as a powerful engine of progress, ideally played a 
constructive role here.


   Two professional programmer - Tom
Jennings (Tom Jennings) from San Francisco
Medill and John (John Madill) from Beltimora,
reputed to be large ground sloth, were deeply
baffled by a complicated procedure of their communications.
They, poor things, had to call each
other on BBS, a long press on the keys,
writing in the on-line message, then
again to call and read the answers. Such an outrage could not 
last long and, in Eventually, Jennings wrote the first 
prototype of FTN-compatible mailer (Mailer), expected to have 
off-line mode, and editor of a small private messages 
(Message). Mailer in touch with his counterpart in Beltimore, 
and they are using the procedure "Handshake" (Handshaking), 
which contained basic information about the binding stations, 
set the mail session (Mail Session), during which automatically 
transmit the necessary messages. 

   Further developed a special
message format is different from RFC822, and
called Fido / *. MSG-Style Messages. Also introduced a new 
system writing addresses. For example, the expression

2:5020 / 275.909 meant that the user
is in the second zone (Russia + Average
Asia + Caucasus), Network (Network) 5020 (Moscow), under the 
Node number 275, serial number 909. Such a user, by the way, is 
called Point. Point'ov a Node can be ooooooochen much.


   Improved postal service, and
now in the world they exist dozens, perhaps hundreds. Increased 
the number of Node and Point stations and Jennings began to eat 
again laziness. After only one month of existence of the 
network there were already 20 Node-node, a month later they 
were already 50. And everyone had to call and

send current e-mail. At this point, and
ripe wonderful idea put into the network
scheme for routing mail. It is this
simplified scheme and has been shown in
Figure 1. From now on, each node has its uplink and downlink, 
was built multi-level system Hub-nodes and Jennings I may have 
to do the improvement FTN-compatible software.


   A list of all Node-node contained in
so-called Nodelist'e, which clearly were listed
name, location station, sysop name, phone number of the site, 
it supports data transmission protocols and special flags (eg, 
MO (Mail Only) meant not applicable to this site, BBS; CM 
(Continuous Mail) - non-stop mode work). Information on 
Point-stations were accumulated with similar Pointlist'ah. 
Pointlist'y usually published and distributed within limited 
areas, as, for example, a user in New Zealand do not need to 
know our old friend with the address

2:5020 / 275.909, whiling away their days in the cold Moscow. 
If you want, it just might to file a request (File Request) to

any station containing Pointlist Network
(Network) 5020.

   Rigorous system of mail routing
running with a fair pedantry, regulated hierarchical 
relationships between network nodes allowed FidoNet sharply

stand out among other networks. Increased walking speed 
communications, increase reliability of receipt by the 
addressee of the expected letter. Was established so-called Zip 
Hour Zone (Zone Mail Hour, in further ZMH), when all members of 
the network are required to deal exclusively with the transfer 
mail. If the mail site operated BBS, sysop was obliged to 
"cleaning" of all non-web users, in order not to delay the 
passage of traffic (angl.Traffic - flux motion).


   Soon after, in parallel with the progressive
increase the network really matured question
improvement of communication system members
network among themselves. Indeed, until this time,
if the user wishes to his thought
heard many, he had to duplicate the message in the n-copies 
(Carbon Copies), which was done, as always, laziness. Besides 
this a wise idea could not hear interested persons on whose 
behalf the author did not even suspected. In this moment was 
born the idea of ​​creating a thematic teleconferencing (Echo 
Conference), where each auknuvshegosya could hear many more. 
For this purpose was established A special group of programs 
called tosser (English Toss - throw, throw). Tosser (Squish, 
Fastecho, Gecho and etc.) were intended to give the user

the ability to send messages to various newsgroups, relevant
way they decorated kompressiruya and generating an indication 
of the postal service to send crafted packet to a specific 
network address, where the user received a message from this 
conference. Tosser was almost the same as the views and 
opinions, as is known, it is usually the number of creatures 
involved in the debate. Thus was formed a number of content 
standards Echo-mail node. Over time, they stood out Squish, HMB 
(Hudson Message Base), JAM and Fido / *. MSG-Style standards, 
the latter of which, because of the impracticality, soon was 
used exclusively for personal correspondence. Together with the 
tosser to develop and refine the editors Echo-conference 
(GoldEd, Great Wall, etc.) with which the user can quickly

and easy to use teleconferencing services.

   Backbone available only in Moscow Echo-conference several 
hundred names.


   Each node can have multiple addresses (AKA, Eng. 
Also-Known-As - Also-Known-As), which allows him to use all of 
their conferences uplinks. After happens the same way that one 
of the uplinks follower of the sect Aum-sinreke and its 
downlink a passionate admirer of Buddhism. Then follows a 
Buddhist or find another uplink, which would be accessible to a 
teleconference on relevant topics, or make an existing sign on 
it. 

   As the network and the modems themselves,
emerged and evolved File Conference
(File-Echo Conference), where as
elementary units were no messages, and, as mentioned above, 
files. Thus, a member of the network, wrote in his

opinion, a brilliant program that could send it through the 
file of the conference all it signed. True, the daily flow 
(Traffic) in such conferences ranges from one to several 
megabytes per day, but existing at the moment capacity modems 
allow them to maintain without special efforts. 



              7. CONCLUSION


   Someone said: "If you think that
Education is expensive, try ignorance. "
In my, and not only my opinion,
everyone is constantly striving to at least try to learn 
something new, most advanced and promising. Within e-business 
can be found a little application that has evolved would be as 
fast as those associated with the transmission of data: data 
browsing, e-mail transfer of funds, office buduyuschego home

computers, distributed data processing, electronic data 
interchange (office EDI) and so on. Five years ago there were 
people who said that the modems soon die, since communication 
will be fully digital. However, we believe that modems still 
serve tolgoi.