Echo #07 31 октября 2000

Железо

Connect the modem - the connection diagram and description of Hayes-modem to the Spectrum.

  CONNECTING TO A MODEM HAYES-Spectrum



(C) Sergei Krinitsyn


    About hayes-modem connection to the Spectrum was written in 
many electronic editions. But unfortunately, most often some of 
these articles took enumeration hayes merits before c-dos, and 
notes to the scheme amounted to a sentence like: "wired

wiring to the system connector and everything's cool
earn. "Alas, not so simple. By
Therefore, in this article, I will try to explain the 
connection in more detail. 

    1. SELECT A MODEM. By Spectrum connects only built pisishny 
modem. When ztom special brand does not matter. This

may be not only hayes, but UMC and others
Main - not to save when buying relics on
2400, and immediately fly faster
modem. Spectrum terminalki (eg
STERM 1. 1) can work fine with the modems at 33,600. In 
addition, this device not so, and roads, the modem is at 14400

$ 14-15. When you purchase is necessary to pay
attention to the jumpers on the modem board. C
through their set, which port will emulate a modem. Satisfied 
they as pins or blocks of microswitches. Near them, on the 
board, usually painted plate consisting of three columns: port 
number of bridges and facilities interrupts. Must be borne in 
mind that Spectrum terminalki usually work with modem turned on 
COM1 Interrupt IRQ4.


    2. CONNECTION. Just want to say
that the modem is included in the 62 pin connector, which can 
be found okazatsya difficult. You can certainly unsolder the 
wiring directly to the contact pads modem, but

if you bought a new modem with a warranty,
it is better not to do. As a way out, you can use the cartridge 
slot of a faulty DENDY. Since 1960 he pin, it needs to be 
refined, namely: the wall on one side of propylene sawing of 
metal, and then expand natfilem to the thickness of the board. 
As a result, the first connector pins will kontachit with 
second pads modem. The first contact pads modem can be safely

neglected, since one of them (GND) is duplicated, and another 
in the modem is not used. Of the modified connector recommend 
throw away the extra contacts and check for parallel to the 
contacts are not closed, except to include your PC with 
excavated from the connector board modem you it is simply 
asleep. And one more disgusting: not pytaytis raem unsolder 
this wire, nothing good happens. Mount it to the PCB. When 
soldering the modem must be plugged in, since the Chinese 
meanly save on heat-resistant plastics and spring contacts 
strive proplaviv plastic closed. 

    3. WIRING. I know of two
wiring diagram: diagram Kondratyev, and requires the use of NMI 
pereshivki ROM com (And what's the problem.) And modified

scheme using INT mode IM2.

    Since the scheme was upgraded
found in FIDOshnoy zhe and electronic media have not yet met, 
bring it with minor modifications.



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  A4> Jan. 11 GND>:: DD4.2

              13 +5> R1 4 June

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                      August 1912

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                                 <RES (B2)



  DD1-K1533LL1

  DD2-K1533TM2

  DD3-K1533LP8

  DD4-K1533LA3

  R1, R2-1K


      Refinement scheme Spectrum



                   Z80

      cut

          \ 16 ___

           x INT

          ___

         |___|

        /

    add

                   ___

                  > INT

Note: Resistor 560 Ohm.

Wiring diagram for Spectrum'u


  Modem System

   port
 _____ __________
| A 8 |----> | a31 | A 0 |
| A 9 |----> | a30 | A 1 |
| A 10 |----> | a29 | A 2 |
| D 0 |----> | a9 | D 0 |
| D 1 |----> | a8 | D 1 |
| D 2 |----> | a7 | D 2 |
| D 3 |----> | a6 | D 3 |
| D 4 |----> | a5 | D 4 |
| D 5 |----> | a4 | D 5 |
| D 6 |----> | a3 | D 6 |
| D 7 |----> | a2 | D 7 |
| | | A28 | A 3 | -
| | | A27 | A 4 | AT
| | | A26 | A 5 | +5 v
| | | A25 | A 6 | a
| | | A24 | A 7 | 3-10k
| | | A23 | A 8 |
| | | A22 | A 9 | -
| | | A21 | A10 | - on the ground
| | | A11 | AEN | - on the ground
| | | B9 | +12 v | -> corresponding to | | | b07 |-12v | -> 
sponding | | | B05 |-5v | -> Sources

| GND |----> | b01 | GND | -> if
| GND |----> | b31 | GND | -> required
| GND |----> | b10 | GND | -> modem
| +5 V |----> | b3 | +5 v | ->
| +5 V |----> | B29 | +5 v | ->
| RESET | - by - | b2 | RESET |
| RD | - | b13 | IOWR |
| A4 | - n | b14 | IORD |
| IORQ | - L | b24 | IORQ4 |
| WR | - a | | |
| A11 | - T | | |
| INT | - y | | |
| D1 | - |__________|
|_____| Signal


    Since there are many companies producing hardware for the 
PC, it is quite possible that your modem will either not have 
all the contacts, or to be "excessive." Finding it Needless to 
panic just your modem has an additional

functions not used by this scheme.
So you can safely ignore it.

    For normal operation of the scheme
requires a stable bus danyh. Determine the presence thereof can 
be, with programs or TEST INT TEST 4.22. 

    If the data bus is stable, and alter ROM is not possible, 
you can use terminalku MELON 1.90. She does not use interrupts 
and has more than a fancy compared with STERM 1.1 interface.


    And in conclusion I would like to say a few words about 
working with the BBS. Spektrumista accustomed to working with 
the BBS through EMS, will be difficult to sort out a mess of 
characters coming from the PC BBS. In this connection I would 
like to appeal to virtualschikam: may be among you find someone 
qualified to organize the work of SPECTRUM-BBS, which would 
have spektrumista not encountered such problems? High speed 
exchange hayes-modem and no problems with intercity connection 
will allow a BBS compete with C-DOS BBS, which incidentally in 
the country is almost gone. 

    In the ZIP-archive attached to this newspaper you will find 
a revised version STERM. 



                Appendix:


       DESCRIPTION HAYES-MODEM


    This text was found at one of the
BBS and despite the obvious incompleteness, in my
opinion, is of particular interest.
But since Experiments with the teams can
have very unpleasant consequences, you should consider the 
following: 

    1. The modem contains a volatile
memory (and some models and ROM with electrical erasure), and 
the result of executing a separate command will be saved and 
when power is off. 

    2. In this regard, it is not necessary to introduce
team whose meaning you do not understand.

    3. Have to have a new version terminalki, see what commands 
are installed in modem initialization string default

(A sad experience). Quite sufficient command ATZ.

    Compliance with these simple rules will save you from many 
troubles. 



    1.1 General description of the commands Hayes'a


    All teams must start the prefix AT
(Or At, aT, at) and finish . There are a few exceptions, 
which will described below. All input data is transmitted 
echoes back to the computer (the terminal). The modem 
automatically adjusts its data rate and format of the sign to 
the parameters of the terminal. 

    To change the baud rate, it is necessary
define it in the command line  completed at the terminal. 
The modem agrees for permission to change and responds OK. 
Commands can be combined in a command Stork to improve the 
clarity of the command line You can enter spaces, dashes and so 
forth.: AT DP 8W (044) 430-49-00, easier to read and understand

than ATDP8W0444304900.

    The command line can contain
more than 40 characters, excluding spaces, and the prefix AT. 
If the string is longer than 40 characters, the modem returns 
an ERROR response and ignores the command line. Editing 
erroneous symbols command line carried out by pressing 
. For all entered correctly and executed the command 
modem responds OK. The modem can be configured to reply in the 
form of digital code (useful for software maintenance modem). 
Each answer is a one-or two-digit code. After switching on the 
modem (usually) configured to transfer the answer in symbolic 
form. 



        1.2 Basic Command Set


    AT - the beginning (prefix) command line. After receiving 
this command, the modem automatically adjusts the transmission 
rate and format of the sign to the parameters of the terminal.



    A - Manual answer. Command switches
modem from command mode to standby carrier signal of the 
calling modem. After receiving the carrier signal, the modem

implements a procedure for a positive response
the call and acts as a switched on
procedure for an automatic response. If the modem is working on 
a dedicated communication lines, it meets the carrier without 
specifying the frequency. In this case, if the automatic 
response (Auto-answer) is disabled (S0 = 0) and occurs

call, for communication to be transferred command ATA.


    A / - modem repeats the previous command line. The team 
submitted without a prefix (AT) and clicking . 


    Bn - a choice of communication standards:

    n = 0 CCITT V. 21, V. 22, V. 22 bis,

    n = 1 BELL 103/202A.


    Ds - automatic dialing. After receiving this command, the 
modem begins dialing or receiving communications goes into 
transfer mode. 

    The team consists of a phone number,
in the composition of which may include the following
control parameters:

    s = P indicates that the numbers are reaching a phone 
number after the symbol P modem should dial pulse (use 0-9). 

    s = T indicates that the digits of the phone numbers coming 
after symbol T modem should dial frequency (razrasheno use 
characters 0-9, AD, * and #). 

    s =, represents a break before dialing
following figures (2s).

    s =; if used as a last
sign in the command line, the modem after
dialing goes into command mode
work.

    s = @ modem waits 5 seconds of silence
on the line if it does not appear within a
30s (the contents of register S7), the modem is turned off, and 
responds NO ANSWER. 

    s =! if the sign! faced signs
dialing sequence, the modem goes
in state ON HOOK (hangs up) to 0
5s, and then switch to the OFF state
HOOK (JIP).

    s = S gaining modem's phone number
recorded in the memory EEROM.

    s = R in the record as the last character
the command line, install a modem
after dialing mode "answer", but
only if the modem calls to the
modem "originate".

    s = W modem waits for a response station
(Dial tone) before further set
telephone number (for example, access to automatic 
long-distance call). 


    En - Local echo ON / OFF. After the command
E1 modem returns an echo of each character transmitted to it 
that lets you know how really works command line.

Team E0 overrides this function.

    n = 0 echo off,

    n = 1 echo enabled


    Hn - control line. Command is used primarily at the end of 
telephone communication: 

    n = 0 disable the modem from the line

    n = 1, connect the modem to the line.


    In - the production code and checksum:

    n = 0 message soda product

    n = 1 count of checksum of the program contained in ROM 
(EPROM), 

    n = 2, the modem checks the status of internal memory and 
ROM returns OK or ERROR.



    Ln - set the ringtone volume
built-in speaker (the speaker).

    n = 0, 1 Low

    n = 2 average

    n = 3 high


    Mn - Speaker Control (speaker).

    n = 0 Speaker off,

    n = 1 Speaker on only during
dialing, and off after the discovery of the carrier,

    n = 2, the speaker turned on all the time

    n = 3 Speaker on after dialing
the last digits of the number and switched off after
detection of the carrier meets the modem.


    Qn - control the modem's response.

    n = 0 response is included,

    n = 1 the answer is off. Regardless of
state of Q0 or Q1 modem always says
content of S-registers, the product code, checksum, and test 
results (see Team S, I, as well as' T).



    O - after the passage of command, the modem
set to data transfer mode and
responsible CONNECT (if prior to that he was in command mode).


    Sr - Control S-registers.


    Sr? - Reading the contents of the S-register number r.


    Sr = nnn - Input a numeric parameter nnn
in S-register number r. All commands modify the contents of one 
or more of the S-registers. Some S-registers contain the time 
parameters that can be changed only team S. 


    Vn - choose the type of answer modem.

    n = 0 response digital code

    n = 1 the answer in symbolic form by Ang
          liyskom language.


   A standard set of responses modem



    OK (0) - Modem executed the command


    CONNECT (1) - The modem connected at speeds of 300bps after 
the team X0 can operate at speeds of 600, 1200, 2400 bps. 


    RING (2) - Modem has found the correct
Ring Tone. The answer given is always, regardless of the mode 
of operation. 


    NO CARRIER (3) - The modem lost carrier
or has not received a response from the remote modem.


    ERROR (4) - An error in the command line.
Command Line is longer than 40 characters, or
check sum error (see command
L2).


    CONNECT 1200 (5) - the modem is connected with
speed of 1200 bps, (see command X1,
X2, X3, X4).


    NO DIALTONE (6) - No signal
switching station (see command X2,
X4).


    BUSY (7) - The number (channel) is busy.


    NO ANSWER (8) - the answer is obtained when using the 
command line manager of the @ symbol, and if not satisfied - 5s 
silence (see the command D). 


    CONNECT 600 (9) - The modem is connected with
speed of 600 bps, (see command X1, X2,
X3, X4).


    CONNECT 2400 (10) - The modem is connected with
at 2400 bps, (see command X1,
X2, X3, X4).


    Note: In parentheses are the codes of digital responses.


    Xn - the choice groups answer modem associated with the 
procedure of dialing: 


                       X0 X1 X2 X3 X4
 Message communication 1 2 2 2 2

 Tardiness (S6 s) yes yes no yes no
 Waiting for a signal

   No switch No Yes No Yes
 Determination of the signal

  "Busy" number no no no yes yes


    Message about the connection 1 - indicates that the
modem when the communication will report CONNECT, regardless of 
speed. 


    Post the link 2 - indicates that the
modem when the communication will report
following response depending on the speed
work: CONNECT, CONNECT 600, CONNECT 1200
CONNECT 2400.

    CONNECT response means working with
Data Rate - 300 bps.


    Tardiness (S6 s) - indicates that the modem before dialing 
a phone number, waits for a certain S-register S6 time. 

    In many countries there is a requirement of the definition 
signal centralized before dialing a phone number. 


    Waiting for a signal - indicates that the modem will wait 
for a signal switch station 5s and after this time will report 
NO DIALTONE and go into batch mode.



    Determination of the signal - indicates that
modem in the event of employment "busy" number
the numbers vadast message BUSY,
and return to command mode.


    Yn - a way to disable the modem from the line. There are 
two ways to disconnect the modem from the line: 

    - Usually, when the modem receives

      inactive signal DTR,

    - When the modem receives from the remote

      modem signal interruption
 Team ATH0 sends a signal interruption,
which lasts 4 s.

    n = 0, the modem disconnected normally

          (See command 'D),

    n = 1, the modem is turned off after receiving
          of the signal from the line.


    Z - reset the modem (a modem processor reads the 
configuration from the memory NOVRAM). 


    + + + - Serial output. Thanks to this team can go from the 
transmission mode to command mode of the modem connection 
without interruption. Command requires silence before and after 
sending out a sequence. The magnitude of this time defined in 
register S12 (usually 50 = 1s ). Decimal value of character 
ASCII, which yavdyaetsya familiar sequence of output register 
contains the S2 (usually those 43. '+').



 1.3 An extra set of commands Hayes'a


    'Cn - function signal DCD.

    n = 0, DCD signal is always active,

    n = 1, DCD signal exists from the moment

          when the modem detect carrier.


    'Dn - DTR signal function in the asynchronous
           dimensional mode.

    n = 0 Modem ignores DTR,

    n = 1, since the loss of DTR modem transfer
          goes into command mode,

    n = 2, since the loss of DTR modem connection stops, 
disables the "auto-answer" and goes into command mode, 

    n = 3, since the loss of DTR modem automatically executes a 
command ATZ. Modem detects a loss of DTR if the DTR signal 
lasts longer than the time specified in S-register S25. 


    'F - modem reads its configuration
recorded in the EPROM.


    'Gn - on / off the protective
frequency.

    n = 0 frequency protection is turned off,

    n = 1, the modem sends the protective rate

           550 Hz,

    n = 2 modem sends a protective rate

           1800 Hz.


    'Ln - kind of communication line.

    n = 0 transfer to the dial-up

          communication

    n = 1 transfer to the permanent lines

           communication.


    'Mn - mode of operation.

    n = 0 asynchronous

    n = 1 for terminals that can
operate in synchronous or asynchronous mode, the command dial 
modem transmits asynchronously, and the transfer Data - 
synchronously 

    n = 2 with the onset of the signal DTR,
modem dials the number of recorded command
'Z memory NOVRAM,

    n = 3 for inactive signal DTR
produced ruchoy dialing. After receiving the connection from 
the moment of DTR signal modem connects to the line.



    'Pn - setting the pulse rate.

    n = 0 fill factor of the closure
           of / range 39/61%

    n = 1 filling factor of the closure
           of / range 33/67%.


    'Rn - managing dependencies RTS / CTS:

    n = 0 CTS signal occurs after the signal
          RTS signal

    This option appears during the simulation of a half-duplex 
mode. These appear to revenue signal

CTS is ignored.

    n = 1, the modem ignores RTS, CTS, with active immediately 
after the modem connection. In an asynchronous data 
transmission (Command 'M0) CTS signal is always active.



    'Sn - function signal DSR:

    n = 0 DSR signal is active,

    n = 1 DSR activated after the phase of communication.


    'Tn - test your modem.

    n = 0 end of the current test,

    n = 1, the beginning of the local analog loop,


    n = 2 is not used,

    n = 3, the top local digital loop

    n = 4 modem agrees to early digital
          rovoy loop, which passes

          remote modem,

    n = 5, the modem does not provide an external memory device
          Wu consent

    n = 6, start the remote digital

          loop

    n = 7, the modem generates a loop RDL, and

          then generates and transmits

          tester signal

    n = 8 analog loop associated with

          internal test.


    'W - modem reads its configuration from
RAM and writes it into memory NOVRAM. Access to the S-registers 
in the memory NOVRAM. 


    'X - the choice of the reference time for transmission.

    n = 0, the modem generates a time-based

    signal timer 114 (the 15th pin)

    n = 1, the modem receives a time-based
to transfer from your computer: a signal timer 113 (the 14th 
pin) 

    n = 2, the modem receives a time-based
for the transfer of the line from the carrier.


    'Z - recording a phone number in memory NOVRAM, (maximum 33 
characters). 



        2.0 Description of S-registers.


    A description of S-registers used directly when working 
with a modem. 


    For descriptions of individual S-Registers
indicated two options:

    - Range - indicates the range of parameters stored in the 
S-register. 

    - The value - the value indicates the factory setting, 
recorded in S-register by the manufacturer.



    S0 - Number of ring signals

    Range: 0 - 255

    Bandwidth: 000

    Number of ring signals, which
modem waits before answering the call to the telephone line:

    S0 = 0 autoreply off

    S0> 0 autoreply is enabled


    S1 - Counter ring signals (information parameter)

    Range: 0 - 255

    Bandwidth: ----- The contents of S-Register
increases each time the modem receives a call signal from the 
telephone line and after 8s after the signal response is reset.


    This case - only acting purely informational role, its 
contents can be read only. 


    S2 - return character

    Range: 0 - 255

    Bandwidth: 043 (ASCII '+')

    Contains a decimal character code ASCII,
which is a sign sequence
Return / see'+++'/.

    In the case where S2> 127 is
blocking the return sequence.


    S3 - Symbol 

    Range: 0 - 127

    Bandwidth: 013 (ASCII '' or CtrlM (^ M))

    Contains a decimal character code ASCII,
which is a sign .


    S4 - Symbol <LF>

    Range: 0 - 127

    Bandwidth: 010 (ASCII '<LF>' or CtrlJ (^ J))

    Contains the character code decimal ASCII,
which is a sign of a new line <LF>.


    S5 - Symbol 

    Range: 0 - 32, 127

    Bandwidth: 008 (ASCII '' or CtrlH (^ H))

    Contains a decimal character code ASCII,
which is a sign of "slaughtering" (backspase) .


    S6 - Timeout statement station

    Range: 2 - 255

    Bandwidth: 002 s


    S7 - Waiting for a signal carrier

    Range: 1 - 155

    Bandwidth: 030 s


    S8 - The time interval at a set

    Range: 0 - 255

    Bandwidth: 002 s


    S9 - Response Time DCD

    Range: 0 - 255

    Bandwidth: 005 (x1/10s = 0, 6s)

    Time delay activation signal DCD
the advent of the carrier.


    S10 - Delay in the end after the loss of carrier

    Range: 1 - 255

    Bandwidth: 014 (x1/10s = 1, 4s)


    S11 - not used


    S12 - The time required for a sequence of quiet return

    Range: 20 - 255

    Bandwidth: 050 (x 20ms = 1, 0ms)

    Contents of the register determines 1/50s
the time required to transfer to the silence and
after a sequence of return (see
'+++').


    S13 - not used