Think #43 03 января 2000

Железо

Iron - Kempston-mouse.

                 Iron:

           ZX-Spectrum and mouse.


To begin to answer the question: why Kempston Mouse Interface?
After all, some craftsmen manage to solder the mouse to the 
nest Kempston joystick other uses AY-mouse. What is the Kempston

Mouse Interface is Better?
First of all, it should be noted that any attempt to connect 
the mouse to the nest joystick is a mockery

mouse. Mouse distinguishes one remarkable
quality - in addition to the direction of movement
She also reacts to the speed of this very moving, so the screen 
cursor moves in proportion to the movement of your hand, ie, 
when you move the mouse slowly, the cursor moves as slowly

when you move the mouse quickly, the cursor
moves quickly. Due to this work
mouse much more convenient than the joystick.
Joystick is not able to respond to
travel speed, it takes into account only
direction. Therefore, in the case of connecting your mouse to 
the nest joystick, no matter how fast you move the mouse, the 
cursor will move to constant speed. And the move

cursor from one screen edge to another
you may not have enough space table.
Judging by everything, this deficiency deprived version of 
AY-mouse. But under the AY-mouse adapted not enough programs. 
So why are we so vigorously agitating you for the Kempston 
Mouse Interface? Reply trite: the case in the standard. This

device invented long ago,
it is the same standard as
Kempston Joystick or Sinclair Joystick and
it is supported by proprietary software such as Art Studio or 
Artist II. So why invent a bicycle and

produce a lot of their standards, if the simpler and more 
logical to use what is already invented, the more so because 
under this option already exists software support. The most 
widespread Kempston Mouse Interface received in St. Petersburg, 
this understandable, since it was made in St. Petersburg

his Russian counterpart. Along with the already mentioned Art 
Studio and Artist II brand podderku Kempston Mouse found in

Victory Road, Battle Command, Carrier
Command.
Very quickly, were quickly adapted to
Kempston Mouse Interface Program
F - Commander v4.01, Instrument v2.01,
DCU 2.32, etc ...
New programs were written with a view
the fact of the birth of Kempston Mouse
Interface and support for the mouse can also be
found in the FUT v2.01, ZXWORD v2.5m,
ZxZip / ZxUnzip v1.02, Instrument v3.01,
FPM v3.5, and others.
Have adapted Kempston Mouse Interface
and games, for example:
Hero Quest, Dragon Spirit, Space Crusade,
A New Whole Ball Game, The A Team 1 ', 2
Operation Wolf, Operation Thunderbolt,
World Cup Challenge, Gunsmoke, R-Type,
Gemini Wing, 1943 The Battle Begin,
Zombi, Armagedon Man, etc ...
A new electronic journal ZX-Format, which you can read, from 
the very first issue supports the Kempston Mouse Interface.

Feel about the wishes of friends, Glory
Mednonogov put support for mouse in its
new game UFO II, and tried to play
it with the mouse itself nemeryannom dragged.
What I am talking like understandable. Number of mouse programs 
has steadily increased, almost all new Piterskie author's 
programs are supported mouse. Branded programs that control the 
mouse it would be logical also adapted to the Kempston Mouse 
Interface. What other arguments are needed specifically for this

device? It seems to be enough arguments.
Just try it once to sit in a murine Art Studio, then you are 
hardly to pull back. You'll be mad,

looking at how dooolgo creeps arrow controlled by a joystick or 
buttons. At that time, as with the mouse all just flutters. And 
you will be amazed when he realized how much time you spend on 
simple movement on menues.

Thus, virtually all Piterskie programmers support the standard 
Kempston Mouse Interface. We therefore urge all users to solder 
yourself this device and all programmers - just to maintain it,

that the user does not have too often
soldering iron to heat the appearance of something
type Sinclair Joystick Mouse or say
ZX Lprint III Mouse ... :-)
At this introductory part is over, go directly to the scheme.

The author of the scheme is Michael Kondratyev, a scheme was 
developed after studying Driver Programs Art Studio and Artist.

The original version contained 11 buildings, this was due to 
the fact that the author used the most affordable chip

of those that were at hand. Later
chip count was reduced to
8'mi. For some time the scheme is a commercial product, the 
right not it have been transferred to Sergei Zonov. In the past 
year Sergei Zonov allow its distribution,

after which the scheme Kempston Mouse Interface
was published in an electronic network FidoNet.
As an arm of the most
used an ordinary gray passive
mouse from the search. At the lowest price it
works quite well. While wishing to
may use proprietary passive
mouse. With a complete lack of visibility in the area of 
​​passive mice can be used and active, however, will have to 
dig deeper into them a bit (see the notes to the diagram). 

So, store a pencil or a printer and to look:
=========================================

     Scheme Kempston Mouse Interface:

            DD1 DD5

        5 June 2, 1918 D0

         oCa CT 0 D1 |> 1
Xb 15 Apr. 11, 1916 D1

        / C 1 D2 2
Xa 10 June 14, 1914 D2

         U / D 2 D3 3

        9 2 August 1912 D3

          R 3 D4 4

        1 11 9 D4

          S D5 5

        4 July 13 D5

          D6 0 6

       12 May 15 D6

          A D7 7

       1913 March 17 D7

          2 D8 8

        3 July 1919

          3 Co oE2

                         1

                          oE1

            DD2

        May 6 / XCS

         oCa CT 0

       November 15

         / C 1

       October 1914

          U / D 2

        February 9

          R 3

        1

          S

        4

          0

       12

          1

       13

          2

        July 3

          3 Co



            DD3 DD6

        5 June 2, 1918 D0

         oCa CT 0 D1 |> 1
Ya 15 Apr. 11, 1916 D1

        / C 1 D2 2
Yb 10 June 14, 1914 D2

         U / D 2 D3 3

        9 2 August 1912 D3

          R 3 D4 4

        1 11 9 D4

          S D5 5

        4 July 13 D5

          D6 0 6

       12 May 15 D6

          A D7 7

       1913 March 17 D7

          2 D8 8

        3 July 1919

          3 Co oE2

                         1

                          oE1

            DD4

        May 6 / YCS

         oCa CT 0

       November 15

         / C 1

       October 1914

          U / D 2

        February 9

          R 3

        1

          S

        4

          0

       12

          1

       13

          2

        July 3

          3 Co



          DD7.2 DD8
RIGHB May 6 D0 A10 January 1915

         D |> 1 DC 0o

        A8 4 February 1914

         oE 2 1o

                     A7 March 1913

          DD7.3 4 2o
LEFTB September 8 D1 / RD May 1912

         D |> o '3o

       10 June 1911 A0 / BCS

         oE 4o

                         April 1910

          DD7.4 oS 5o
MIDLB December 11 D2 9 / XCS

         D |> 6o

       July 13 / YCS

         oE 7o



          / BCS DD7.1

                     / IORQ March 2

                             D |>
DD1 .. DD4 - K561IE11 A5 1
DD5, DD6 - K555AP5 oE
DD7 - K155LP8
DD8 - K555ID7
(C) 1994 Michael Kondratyev
=========================================

   Notes:
- Thick line denotes the bus Spectrum;
- On the mouse are the following signals: Xa, Xb,

  Ya, Yb, RIGHTB, MIDLB, LEFTB, +5 V, GND;
- / BCS, / XCS, / YCS - internal signals

  scheme, combined with the same pairs
  GOVERNMENTAL in the scheme;
- The scheme is presented for the passive-type mice

  (Mouse to the "Search" MMP-9B), for other

  necessary to derive signals Xa, Xb and

  Ya, Yb, which are taken from the optocouplers after

  chain transistor Schmitt trigger;
- The computer is required to ensure the block
  Kirovka port 0DFh;
- Possible replacement scheme decoding

  (DD7.1, DD8) on plmku type

  556RT4 (RT11), is still free you
  approach can be used to block

  ports.
=========================================
If you have any suggestions / complaints, questions / ideas, 
then you can contact the author Michael Kondratyev'ym scheme: 

       2:5030 / 362.1 @ FidoNet

So now explain how to work with the Kempston Mouse Interface 
programmer. Nothing difficult to understand not expected, 
because the interface rather simple and straightforward. There 
are three ports, so their addresses: # FADF, # FBDF, # FFDF;

bit of each - 8 bits, ie, bytes.
 # FADF - Port buttons meaningful it

         are the lowest three bits:
 0 bits - a state the right button;
 1 bit - the state of the left button;
 2 bits - the state of the middle button.
As for the buttons of rest, all the bits in `1 '.
When you click on the corresponding bit
set to `0 '.
According to ancient tradition, the left button is used as a 
selection (Fire), right - as Cancel (Cancel). Middle button made

used for additional functions.

 # FBDF - port X-coordinate;
 # FFDF - Port Y-coordinate.
As you move the mouse-arm
values ​​in the port has changed, and yet
and cyclically, ie when reaching # FF and
further increases are again
zero and grow further, again to # FF. When
Traffic in the opposite direction a similar pattern, but 
changes occur in the opposite direction. Submit the matter help 
is such a picture: y ^.


  .

  .

  2

  1

  012 ...

            >

            x
Therefore, you must read the values ​​of ports, and the 
difference between the current and the previous value is 
determined by the direction of Mixing Capacity mouse. If you 
need a very precise manipulation of the driver is written with 
this in mind, and move the arrow at one point made when the 
value read from the port to 2, 3, 5, or more ednits. In recent 
years become fashionable smarter driver, which at the beginning 
waits for button and you press the button on a mouse

becomes (for drivers) left. These things only applies to the 
two extreme buttons Middle button - it is in Africa average.

This is useful for people who keep
a mouse in his left hand, or in case if someone often comes to 
your mouse and keyboard one of the buttons it works worse than

others. Such a driver is considered good form. And if you 
notice, just so ZX-supplied driver Format'a.

Check the work had just been harvested
interface can operate directly from with the Basic, making
PRINT IN of the ports:
64479 - X, 65503 - Y - when moving
mouse values ​​should vary cyclically. When reading from port 
64423 - Fire need to click three younger bitika at

Pressing buttons.
And finally - an example of driver Kempston
Mouse, used in the ZX-Format'e:

; MOUSE DRIVER WITH FIRE BUTTON AUTOCONFIG
And (c) Andrey Rachkin'95

        JR MDRV
DIRECTZ DEFB 0; FIRE

        DEFB 0; UP

        DEFB 0; DOWN

        DEFB 0; RIGHT

        DEFB 0; LEFT

        DEFB 0; CANCEL
MCOORD DEFW 0; LAST CURSOR COORDS

                ; IN PIXELZ
MPORTS DEFW 0; LAST READED MAUSY COORDS
NONDEF AND 3; HERE COMEZ BUTTONZ

                ; CONTROL IF FIRE BUTON

                ; NOT DEFINED

        JR Z, MDRV4; IF NONE BUTTON

                      ; PUSHED

        CP 1

        JR Z, NONDEF_

        XOR A

        LD (MDRV3 +2), A

        LD A, 5

        LD (MDRV2 +2), A
NONDEF_ LD HL, 0

        LD (MDRV1), HL

        POP IX
; ***** MAIN PROC OF MOUSEDRIVER *****
MDRV PUSH IX

        LD HL, DIRECTZ

        PUSH HL

        POP IX

        XOR A

        LD (HL), A; CLEARING

        INC HL; OF

        LD (HL), A; DIRECTZ

        INC HL; BUFER

        LD (HL), A

        INC HL

        LD (HL), A

        INC HL

        LD (HL), A

        INC HL

        LD (HL), A

        INC HL

        LD BC, # FADF; BUTTONZ CONTROL

        IN A, (C); READING FROM PORT

                       ; OF BUTTONS

        CPL
MDRV1 JR NONDEF; JR UNTIL FIRE

                     ; BUTTON NOT DEFINED

        RRA
MDRV2 RL (IX +0); FIRE

        RRA
MDRV3 RL (IX +5); CANCEL
; ***** COORDS CONTROL *****
MDRV4 LD HL, (MCOORD); FORM LAST

                          ; CURSOR COORDS

        LD DE, (MPORTS); FROM LAST

                          ; READED MOUSE

                          ; COORDS

        LD BC, # FBDF

        IN A, (C); READING FROM

                    ; PORT X-COORD (0 - # FF)

        LD (MPORTS), A

        SUB E

        JR Z, MDRV9

        JP P, MDRV6

        LD (IX +4), 1; MOVE LEFT

        ADD A, L

        JR C, MDRV5

        XOR A; MIN X-COORD
MDRV5 LD L, A

        JR MDRV9
MDRV6 ADD A, L

        LD (IX +3), 1; MOVE RIGHT

        JR C, MDRV7

        CP # FE; MAX X-COORD

        JR C, MDRV8
MDRV7 LD A, # FE; MAX X-COORD
MDRV8 LD L, A
MDRV9 LD B, # FF

        IN A, (C); READING FROM

                    ; PORT Y-COORD (0 - # FF)

        LD (MPORTS +1), A

        SUB D

        JR Z, MDRV14

        NEG

        JP P, MDRV11

        LD (IX +1), 1; MOVE UP

        ADD A, H

        JR C, MDRV10

        XOR A; MIN Y-COORD
MDRV10 LD H, A

        JR MDRV14
MDRV11 ADD A, H

        LD (IX +2), 1; MOVE DOWN

        JR C, MDRV12

        CP # BF; MAX Y-COORD

        JR C, MDRV13
MDRV12 LD A, # BF; MAX Y-COORD
MDRV13 LD H, A
MDRV14 LD (MCOORD), HL; NEW CURSOR

                          ; POSITION

                          ; IN PIXELZ

        POP IX

        RET
; ***** DRIVER END *****