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Think #29.5
24 июля 1999 |
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Iron - General Sound, CMOS-clock.
IRON
(C) STINGER
Programming Guide
General Sound.
Version v1.03. Revision 003.
1. Brief technical characteristics of the GS.
-------------------------------------
Processor: Z80, 12MHz, without wait cycles
ROM: 32k, 27256
RAM: Static Ram 128k total, 112k dos
orally available for the modules and samples in
Basic version
INT: 37.5 KHz
Channels: 4 independent 8-bit channel
la, each with 6-bit controlled
field level.
2. Brief description of GS, or
much every Labuda.
-----------------------------------
GS - musical card, designed to play music modules and
individual samples (effects).
Modules for the GS - it is the standard Amiga
PCshnye and 4-channel MOD files, and samples - as Amiga signed
sample, and PCshnye unsigned sample.
MOD player file in GS is
practically a complete analog ProTracker'a
on the Amiga was created with intensive use of sources
ProTracker'a. (Sources were from Protracker'a v2.1A by Lars
"ZAP" Hamre - Amiga Freelancers)
MOD Player Pro supports all the teams
Tracker'a, except for two things:
E01 Filter On Amiga-specific commands
yes, includes a filter high
frequencies.
EFX Invert Loop I have not seen the player,
which would support this team. Perhaps it is supported on some
older players.
GS represents himself, in essence, a complex microprocessor
with its own CPU, ROM, RAM, and ports, and absolutely no
depends on the main processor Spectrum, that allows, for
example, upload your own favorite module, reset the Spectrum,
download the assembler and create your favorite music. Soft
inside the GS is fully takes problem playing sound, the
interpretation of module, etc. Programming GS'a reduces the
transmission of byte by byte module and / or samples, and then
you only need give commands like: start the module, set the
global volume of the playback module, run the sample # 09 in
Channel # 02, etc.
If you intend to load the module
together with the samples, make sure you first need to download
the module, and then sampled.
When you load the module is highly recommended
left free to 2k of memory, ie, load modules with a maximum
length 110K. This condition is not necessary, but its execution
is highly desirable for compatibility with future versions.
Similarly, highly recommended to leave
80 bytes for each sample, for example,
If you want to download 63-Kbyte
module and 18 samples, we have:
Total_Sample_Length = 112 * 1024-63 * 1024-2 *
* 1024-18 * 80 = 46688 bytes
This is the total length of sample, which, when
this state of affairs can be downloaded.
If, for example, is required to compute
as will fit in memory GS'a 2 KB sample, it is calculated as
follows:
112 * 1024 / (2048 +80) = 53 sample.
In GS'e have 4 physical channels, which are losing the sound.
Channels 0 and 1 - left, and 2 and 3 - Right.
3. Interface with the Spectrum.
-----------------------
GS looks at the world with 4 registers:
1. Command register - register of commands available to the
port of entry at 187. In This register is written to the
command.
2. Status register - status register,
readable port at 187.
Register bits:
7 - Data bit, flag data
6 - Undefined
5 - Undefined
4 - Undefined
3 - Undefined
2 - Undefined
1 - Undefined
0 - Command bit, flag teams
This register allows to define the state of GS, in particular
whether it is possible to read or write the next byte of data,
or apply another command, etc.
3. Data register - Register of data available for the port of
entry at 179. In this Spectrum Registry records data, for
example, it may be arguments to commands.
4. Output register - register output port is available for
reading at 179. From This register reads the Spectrum data
going from the GS.
Command bit in the status register is set by hardware after
writing team into the instruction register. Reset to 0 it can
only GS, which indicates a certain stage of execution.
Data bit in the register states can be
set or reset as optional
Spectrum and optional GS: recording
Spectrum in the data register it hardware
set to 1, and after reading GS'om
from this register is reset to 0. When
GS record in the register display it (all the same
Data bit) is set by hardware to 1, and
after reading from this port Spectrum
cleared by hardware to 0.
Despite the fact that the data register and output register
are located in space port addresses to the same address
and affect the same bits of data, they are two separate
registers. Value, once recorded in One of these registers, it
remains unchanged until a new record.
Status bits of data are often undefined, and if the
specification of commands not the values of this bit on
opredennyh stages of execution of a command is not valid make
any assumptions about the value of this bit.
4. The command system GS.
-----------------
At first, let me digress from the actual system commands. GS,
as is known, is designed mainly for playing modules and
samples. In this version (1.03) GS ROM dopukaetsya downloading
a module and / or up to 32 samples.
Each sample loading it into memory
gets a unique identifier
that uniquely identifies the call to
given samples of the teams, which require
number of samples. The first loaded
sample receives a number (handle) = 1, the next - the number 2,
etc.
The same applies to modules and
this one loaded module will
have a handle = 1 after boot.
A feature of this version is also something that must first
load the module, and then sampled.
Features command descriptions:
Teams are described as follows:
1. Hex command code
2. Team Name
3. Actions taken in the performance
Team
4. Instruction format
5. Comments to the team
The command format is described as follows:
GSCOM EQU 187
GSDAT EQU 179
SC # NN: Send a command code to the register
teams
LD A, # NN
OUT (GSCOM), A
WC: Waiting for relief Command bit
WCLP IN A, (GSCOM)
RRCA
JR C, WCLP
SD Data: Send data to data register
LD A, Data
OUT (GSDAT), A
WD: Waiting for reset Data bit, on
Indeed, waiting until GS
will not accept the data sent to him
WDLP IN A, (GSCOM)
RLCA
JR C, WDLP
GD Data: Take the data from the register
Data
IN A, (GSDAT)
WN: Waiting for installation Data bit, on
Indeed, the expectation of regular data
by GS
WNLP IN A, (GSCOM)
RLCA
JR NC, WNLP
Command GS:
# 00 Reset flags -
Resets the flags and Command Data bit
bit.
SC # 00
WC
(Data bit = 0, Command bit = 0)
# 0E Go in Covox mode
Goes into Kovoks directly
copies the data register in the two DACs
(Right and left) channels.
To exit this mode - record # 00
into the instruction register.
SC # 0E
WC
SD \
SD \
... / It's conclusion in DACs
SD /
SC # 00
WC
# F3 Warm restart
Resets all GS, but misses
stages of determining the number of pages
memory and their proveki, which greatly
accelerates the process of initialization.
SC # F3
WC
# F4 Cold restart
Full restart of GS with all the verification
kami. In fact, JP # 0000.
SC # F4
WC
# 20 Get total RAM
Get the total available memory
on the GS. (In the basic version is 112k)
SC # 20
WC
GD RAM.L (youngest part)
WN
GD RAM.M (middle part)
WN
GD RAM.H (oldest part)
Total RAM = 65536 * RAM.H +256 * RAM.M + RAM.L
# 21 Get free RAM
Get the total amount of free memory
on the GS.
SC # 20
WC
GD RAM.L (youngest part)
WN
GD RAM.M (middle part)
WN
GD RAM.H (oldest part)
Free_RAM = 65536 * RAM.H +256 * RAM.M + RAM.L
# 23 Get number of RAM Pages
Get the number of pages on the GS.
SC # 23
WC
GD Number_RAM_Pages
In the basic version of 3 pages.
# 2A Set Module Master Volume
Set the play volume
modules.
SD Module_Master_Volume [# 00 .. # 40]
SC # 2A
WC
[GD Old_Master_Volume] - Old loudly.
A small example of using this
Team:
(This assumes that the module is played)
LD B, # 40
LOOP: LD A, B
OUT (GSDAT), A
LD A, # 2A
OUT (GSCOM), A
EI
HALT
DJNZ LOOP
LD A, # 32
OUT (GSCOM), A
Described above gradually lowers the volume
playing module, and then stops
him.
# 2B Set FX Master Volume
Set the play volume
effects.
SD FX_Master_Volume [# 00 .. # 40]
SC # 2B
WC
[GD Old_FX_Volume] - Old Volume
Similarly to the previous command, but operates on the
samples.
With these two commands, you can adjust the volume balance of
the module and samples, etc.
# 2E Set Current FX
Set the current effect. Just
assigns this value CURFX
inclusion. If any team needs
number of samples (sample handle), then we can
Instead, give her room # 00 and
Larry substitute instead
zero value of the variable CURFX. (See
Team # 38, # 39, # 40 - # 4F for understanding
of the above.)
SD Cur_FX
SC # 2E
WC
# 30 Load Module
Module loading into memory.
SC # 30
WC
[GD Module_Handle]-module number
(Command bit = 0, Data bit = 0)
SC # D1 (Open Stream-open stream)
WC
SD \
WD \
... Bytes module
SD /
WD /
SC # D2 (Close Stream-close stream)
WC
Example:
LD HL, Mod_adress
LD DE ,0-Mod_length
LD C, GSCOM
LD A, # 30
CALL SENDCOM
LD A, # D1
CALL SENDCOM
LD A, (HL)
LOOP: IN B, (C)
JP P, READY
IN B, (C)
JP M, LOOP
READY: OUT (GSDAT), A
INC HL
LD A, (HL)
INC E
JP NZ, LOOP
INC D
JP NZ, LOOP
WAIT: IN B, (C); wait prinatiya
JP M, WAIT; last byte
LD A, # D2
CALL SENDCOM
IN A, (GSDAT); Module Number
OUT (GSDAT), A
LD A, # 31
SENDCOM: OUT (GSCOM), A
WAITCOM: IN A, (GSCOM)
RRCA
JR C, WAITCOM
RET
# 31 Play module
Playback module.
SD Module_Handle - module number
SC # 31
WC
# 32 Stop module
Stop playback module.
SC # 32
WC
# 33 Continue module
Continue playing the module after
stop.
SC # 33
WC
# 38 Load FX
Download sample effect in memory.
Loads unsigned samples
(PC type)
SC # 38
WC
[GD FX_Handle]-number sample
(Command bit = 0, Data bit = 0)
SC # D1 (Open Stream-open stream)
WC
SD \
WD \
... Bytes sample
SD /
WD /
SC # D2 (Close Stream-close stream)
WC
When loading each sample, in memory of GS
created for this sample the title,
which describes the various options
sample. After downloading these parameters are set to certain
values, as then:
Note = 1960, Volume = # 40, FineTune = 0, SeekFirst = # 0F,
SeekLast = # 0F, Priority = # 80, No Loop and the internal
variable is set to CurFX FX_Handle.
Then the teams # 40, # 41, # 42, # 45, # 46
and # 47 may be, these default values to change on their own.
This is required because the team # 39 to initiate playback of
the sample using the parameters from the header of the sample.
In its natural form samples are usually
poorly packaged compressors, but the compressibility is usually
possible to pick up, if we translate sample in the Delta-form,
ie, storing absolute values sample, and the relative offset
from the previous byte. Around here and so can be translated
sample in Delta-form:
LD HL, Start_of_sample
LD DE ,0-Length_of_sample
LD C, # 2000
LOOP: LD A, (HL)
SUB C
LD C, (HL)
LD (HL), A
INC E
JP NZ, LOOP
INC D
JP NZ, LOOP
And here's how you upload a sample:
LD IX, Parameters
LD HL, Sample_adress
LD DE ,0-Sample_length
LD C, GSCOM
LD A, # 38
CALL SENDCOM
LD A, # D1
CALL SENDCOM
LD A, (HL)
LOOP: IN B, (C)
JP P, READY
IN B, (C)
JP M, LOOP
READY: OUT (GSDAT), A
INC HL
ADD A, (HL)
INC E
JP NZ, LOOP
INC D
JP NZ, LOOP
WAIT: IN B, (C); wait prinatiya
JP M, WAIT; last byte
LD A, # D2
CALL SENDCOM
; Now overrides
; Sample by default your
; Values
LD A, (IX + # 00)
OUT (GSDAT), A; Nota
LD A, # 40
CALL SENDCOM
LD A, (IX + # 01)
OUT (GSDAT), A; Volume
LD A, # 41
SENDCOM: OUT (GSCOM), A
WAITCOM: IN A, (GSCOM)
RRCA
JR C, WAITCOM
RET
# 39 Play FX
Playing effect.
SD FX_Handle - number of samples
SC # 39
WC
In performing this command
the following: see the channels listed in
SeekFirst parameters of our sample, and if
though, would be one of them is free, and it played a sample,
otherwise look the channels listed in SeekLast and if One of
them is free, and it is played sample, if not free, then looked
through all the channels listed SeekLast, from They choose the
channel with the lowest priority and is compared to the
priority of our sample (ie the sample that we
want to lose), if this sample will be a higher priority than
the sample already playing in the channel, then playing in the
channel sample will be stopped, and our sample will be
run in this channel instead of the old sample. Here are a
priority scheme here ...
When the sample is run in a channel, it
note, volume, etc parameters recorded in the data channel from
the header sample.
In general, something to play with the sample
required parameters, you can set
these parameters after loading the sample and safely use the
command # 39. If the parameters have changed, it is possible to
do as follows: Team # 2E do
current required sample, the teams # 4x change its parameters,
and then run it with # 39.
An alternative method of triggering samples
provide the team # 80 .. # 9F, the performance of these teams
you directly in the instruction code indicates in which channel
you want to run the sample, and besides, you can also point to
a note and / or volume you want to run the sample.
# 3A Stop FX in channels
Stop playing effects
preset channels, which are specified
in the mask channel (Channel Mask).
In her unit in the n-dimensional bit
indicates that the effect of n-dimensional
channel you want to stop
SD Channel_Mask
SC # 3A
WC
Described above is ideal
the work of this team, but unfortunately not
so simple in this world, and this team
act wrong, namely: a unit in the bit
7 stops to sample the zero channel, and
etc. In future versions this will be fixed, but for now I
recommend stopping in general, all samples mask # FF.
# 3E Load FX (Extended version)
Download sample effect in memory.
Allows you to load samples with a sign.
(Amiga type)
SD # 01 (Signed sample)
SC # 3E
WC
[GD FX_Handle]-number sample
(Command bit = 0, Data bit = 0)
SC # D1 (Open Stream-open stream)
WC
SD \
WD \
... Bytes sample
SD /
WD /
SC # D2 (Close Stream-close stream)
WC
# 40 Set FX Sample Playing Note
Installation notes default
current effect.
SD Note [0 .. 95]
SC # 40
WC
Note =
0 C-0
1 C # 0
12 C-1
24 C-2
36 C-3 (C-1 in the Amiga)
48 C-4 (C-2 in the Amiga)
60 C-5 (C-3 in the Amiga)
72 C-6
84 C-7
In this version of the Sound Generators Wave 2,
3 may play an octave 3, 4 and 5, so the valid values Note
is the range of 36 to 71.
# 41 Set FX Sample Volume
Setting the default volume for
current effect.
SD FX_Volume [# 00 .. # 40]
SC # 41
WC
# 45 Set FX Sample Priority
Set a priority for
current effect.
(See the command # 39)
SD FX_Priority [# 01 .. # fe]
SC # 45
WC
# 46 Set FX Sample Seek First parameter
Setting Seek First to
current effect.
(See the command # 39)
SD FX_SeekFirst
SC # 46
WC
# 47 Set FX Sample Seek Last parameter
Setting Seek Last for
current effect.
(See the command # 39)
SD FX_SeekLast
SC # 47
WC
# 60 Get Song Position
Getting the value of the variable
Song_Position in the current module.
SC # 60
WC
GD Song_Position [# 00 .. # FF]
Can be interpreted as the number of
lost pattern module. After starting
module takes the value 0 and incremented after playing a
regular pattern. This variable can be used for synchronizing
processes in Spectrum with the playback module. You can, for
example, at the beginning of procedures for handling interrupts
to SC # 60, then perform procedures of the various operations
screen skrullinga lines, etc. (Ie
that was sufficient to execute the command delay), and then
read port 179 (GD Song_Position), and compare it with the
required, and in case of a tie, go to the next part of demos,
that is,
if (Song_Position == My_Position) then goto Next_Part_Of_Demo
# 61 Get Pattern Position
Getting the value of the variable
Pattern_Position in the current module.
SC # 61
WC
GD Pattern_Position [# 00 .. # 3F]
Get the value of the bias in the pattern
(No ROW), use - similar to
previous command, but you want to see that this value varies
quite quickly, and therefore
if (Pattern_Position> = My_Position) then
goto Next_Part_Of_Demo
# 62 Get Mixed Position
Get the value Pattern_Position,
slightly mixed with Song_Position.
SC # 62
WC
GD Mixed_Position
Mixed_Position: (in bits)
7-Song_Position.1
6-Song_Position.0
5-Pattern_Position.5
4-Pattern_Position.4
3-Pattern_Position.3
2-Pattern_Position.2
1-Pattern_Position.1
0-Pattern_Position.0
Ie if you get Mixed_Position and be done with it AND # 3F,
then we obtain the spitting image Pattern_Position, and if
after receiving its a bit RLCA, RLCA, AND # 02 - it
will be lower two bits Song_Position. See
Note to teams # 60 and # 61.
# 63 Get Channel Notes
Get the notes of all the channels of the module.
SC # 63
WC
GD Note_of_channel_0
WN
GD Note_of_channel_1
WN
GD Note_of_channel_2
WN
GD Note_of_channel_3
If in any channel value of the notes
changed from the last command executed
# 63, then bit 7 is obtained zanacheniya
Note_of_channel_N
will be zero, if the value is the same
thing as it was before, then this bit will be in the unit.
Younger seven bits and is proper note from 0 to 95, if the
value is 127, it means that no samples in the channel does not
play. This command is mainly intended to build on its basis the
various analyzers.
# 64 Get Channel Volumes
Get the volume of all channels
module.
SC # 64
WC
GD Volume_of_channel_0
WN
GD Volume_of_channel_1
WN
GD Volume_of_channel_2
WN
GD Volume_of_channel_3
See the description of the command # 63
# 80 Direct Play FX Sample (# 80 .. # 83)
Playing the sample in a given channel.
SD Sample_Number
SC # 80 .. # 83 (Junior bits determine
directly to the number of spacecraft
signal, which requires
play sample)
WC
# 88 Direct Play FX Sample (# 88 .. # 8B)
Playing the sample in a given channel
with a given note.
SD Sample_Number
SC # 88 .. # 8B (lower bits define
directly to the number of spacecraft
signal, which requires
play sample)
WC
SD Note [0 .. 95]
WD
# 90 Direct Play FX Sample (# 90 .. # 93)
Playing the sample in a given channel
with a given volume.
SD Sample_Number
SC # 90 .. # 93 (Junior bits determine
directly Room
channel, which requires
is to play a sample)
WC
SD Volume [# 00 .. # 40]
WD
# 98 Direct Play FX Sample (# 98 .. # 9B)
Playing the sample in a given channel
le with a given note and volume.
SD Sample_Number
SC # 88 .. # 8B (lower bits define
directly Room
channel, which requires
is to play a sample)
WC
SD Note [0 .. 95]
WD
SD Volume [# 00 .. # 40]
WD
__________________________
=== Cut ===
CMOS-clock
Alexander Mayorov
Dmitry Lomov
In this issue we decided to tell you about
such a wonderful thing as a chip
CMOS-clock. What kind of a beast and
what it is, you ask?
But see for yourself!
This chip provides independent computer calculation time, the
production of interrupt signals from the alarm, and can also be
used as a small NVRAM 50 bytes.
Feature of the CMOS-clock is their
extremely low power consumption! (By
directory of the current consumption of 0.1
to 4mA!).
If this chip to connect a backup power source, the
calculation of time and preservation of information in the
internal RAM will be guaranteed and if you disable your
computer.
You may ask - well, why do I need?
Indeed, in normal clock
computer is not very much and want.
But! If you're writing from time to time
letter ekhi, the data clock relieve you
the need to constantly look at the calendar and clock, to put
down time / date. But for the BBS, or "Myler" watch very, very
needed!
Actually need to watch yavilas
one of the reasons for the creation of a new version of the BBS.
About which, perhaps, will be discussed in the following issues
Newskah.
Well, now closer to the point!
Chip called 512VI1, its proprietary prototype MS 146,818, and
most rulez - DALLAS 1287, has an internal battery and quartz
for 10 years.
It should be said that such chips
stand in the PC 286 and 386, and therefore available
Thanks to the great Upgrades ...
To begin pin assignment:
NC 01 is not used
02 OSC1 input generator
03 OSC2 output of the generator
04 AD0 \
05 AD1 \
06 AD2 \
07 AD3 multiplexed bus
08 AD4 address / data
09 AD5 /
10 AD6 /
11 AD7 /
12 GND ground
13 / CE chip-select
14 AS address strobe
15 R / W Read / Write
NC 16 is not used
17 / DS data strobe
18 / RES reset input
19 / IRQ output interrupt request
20 SED frequency control CKOUT
21 CKOUT output signals of a clock hour
frequencies
22 PS control failure voltage peaks
Tania
23 SQW output of program-controllable
of the frequency divider
24 + Ucc +3 ... +5 V
And now the details:
At the conclusion 02 (OSC1) must submit
frequency of the external oscillator, or connected to pin 02/03
(OSC1/OSC2) quartz.
Conclusions 4 ... 11 (AD0. .. AD7) - Bus address / data bus
connects to the data prrotsesora.
Pin 13 (/ CE) - the choice kristala.Pri available log. "1" on
this input chip blocked.
There is one more feature: at this entrance should be the
status log. "0" for the entire cycle of treatment to the chip.
Ie simultaneously with (or before) the choice of register
address input / CE shall be established a log. "0", and its
status should not be change during the entire cycle of
treatment to selected case!
The most convenient and easy to install
on this input state of the log. "0" for
the entire duration of the computer.
The choice of register number is fed to the bus ADDRESS /
DATA (AD0. .. AD7) and submission log. "1" to input 14 (AS)
Read / write data from / to register (a)
used the findings in 1915 (R / W) - Selecting the read / write
(or a log. "1" and "0") and 17 (DS) - Data Strobe.
When a log. "0" to output R / W data is written into the
previously selected register, and the feeding log. "0" on output
DS - data read from the register.
Poyavlyanie log. "0" on pin 19 (/ IRQ)
reports on the process of system interruptions
BIS. In all other cases, the data output is in the third logic
state (high-impedance).
Submission of a log. "0" on the 22-th output (/ PS) informs
the BIS that failed supply voltage, and the contents of the
registers unreliable. If there is a reserve
power source, then this input file
log. "1."
On the derivation of 23 (SQW) have the momentum
frequency, which is obtained by dividing the clock generator
frequency by a factor defined by software.
At the exit 21 (CKOUT) have the momentum,
frequency depends on the input state
20 (SED). If there is there a log. "1" SQW output frequency
equal to the frequency generator (OSC1-OSC2). In the presence of
log. "0" input SED output frequency
SQW four times menshe frequency oscillator (OSC1-OSC2).
In the chip are 64 eight-
register. When you work with them must first
indicate which register to work (record number in the address
register) and then perform the read / write.
Non registers
# 00 sec
# 01 SEC (ALARM)
# 02 MINUTES
# 03 Minutes (ALARM)
# 04 HOURS
# 05 HOURS (ALARM)
# 06 DAY OF THE WEEK
# 07 DAY OF THE MONTH
# 08 A MONTH
# 09 YEAR
# 0A REGISTER A
# 0B B REGISTER
# 0C REGISTER C
# 0D REGISTER D
# 0E general-purpose RAM
... RAM is general-purpose
# 3F general-purpose RAM
# 0C, # 0D - read only
# 00, # 0A - senior level read-only
DESCRIPTION OF THE REGISTERS A. .. D
REGISTER A (individual bits)
7 UIP "1" in this bit indicates that
being updated information and hours
mi can not work, wait
some time. Cycle Time
updates depending on the frequency
Clock:
frequency duration
MHz refresh cycle, ms
4.194304 248
1.048576 248
0.032768 1984
32768 1048576 4194304 RESET
6 DV2 frequency 0 0 0 1
5 DV1 quartz 1 0 0 1
DV0 4 0 1 0 x
3 RS3 Set the frequency on pin
2 RS2 SQW (23), and period interrupt
1 RS1 IRQ (19)
0 RS0
IRQ - interrupt signal to the issuance of any
post. frequency or at the end of the update cycle, or from an
alarm clock.
IRQ = 1000 / SQW
SQW is used to feed the signal from the
Alarm
For example: the frequency of SQW = 256 Hz, period
is equal to 1000/256 = 3.9ms
D3 D2 D1 D0 Frequency, Hz PERIOD, ms
0 0 1 1 8192 0.122
0 1 0 0 4096 0.244
0 1 0 1 2048 0.488
....................................
1 1 1 0 4 250
1 1 1 1 2 500
REGISTER B (individual bits)
7 SET "1" ban update
(To set the time).
6 PIE interrupt enable, with a period
specified in the RS-bit register A.
Cleared by Reset'u.
5 AIE resolution Interrupt Alarm
ka. Cleared by Reset'u.
4 UIE interrupt enable at the end
update cycle. Cleared
by Reset'u.
3 SQWE permit issuance of information on you
course of SQW. Cleared by Reset'u.
2 DM type of data: 0 - BCD
1 - Binary
A 24/12 score: 0 - 12 hours
1 - in 24 hours
0 DSE "1" enables automatic transfer
move from summer to winter time
back.
Daylight saving time is carried out in
3h nights voskesene last April, and
on winter nights in 1 hour the last Sunday in October.
REGISTER C (individual bits)
All bits are reset to Reset'u or
reading Register C.
7 IRQF flag interrupt request. Establishes
Lebanon into a "1" on condition that:
(PF and PIE) or (AF and AIE) or
(UF and UIE).
If IRQF = "1", then the output IRQ
(19) is set to "0".
6 PF ustanavlvaetsya in front of a signal
at the output of the internal divider
frequency selected in accordance
with RS-digits.
5 AF is set to 1 if the coincidence
current time and time Alarm
nick.
UF 4 is set to 1 after
update cycle.
3 = 0
...
0 = 0
REGISTER D (individual bits)
7 is set to log. "0" if
food was wasted and information
unreliable.
Set to "1" on Reset'u
or when reading the register D.
6 = 0
...
0 = 0
Data Format
Sunday = 1, Monday to. = 2, etc.
January = 1 February = 2, etc.
1997 = 97 1998 = 98, etc.
Records the number of days per month and accounted for leap
years. If the registers # 00 ... # 09 record number in the range
# C0 ... # FF - it is indifferent state.
Ie if the clock alarm = # FF, then it will fire every hour.
The alarm
When the alarm
Necessary in the case {B} to set
AIE = SQWE = 1 UIE = PIE = 0.
Frequency of the sound output is given by SQW
RS-bit register {A}. At operation
Alarm IRQ output will be installed in
log. "0". Ie for sound generation need
merge the outputs of OR SQW and IRQ
You can put the RC-chain, which, after
nokotorogo time after the IRQ in
# 0 sfoormiruet reset signal, and the sound stops.
Connection scheme
If you have a controller SMUG, then
all you need to do is stick a chip CMOS-hours in accordance
socket.
Well, if you "bad luck", you will have
little Popayán ...
Generator
2 (OSC1)
22M
3 (OSC2)
470k
quartz:
October 20 32.768 kHz
* 1.048576 MHz
4.194304 MHz
Choice Crystal and voltage control
5.1K
24 (+ Un)
/ 5.1K / 13 (/ CE)
/ / K
KT315
5 \ \ e
\ \
KS133
5.1K
24 (+ Un) 22 (PS)
Nutrition Products
\
\
B 5 / 24 (+ Un)
/
\
\
/
/
+
battery, 3.6V
Connecting to a Computer
You must connect the signals AD0 ... AD7
on the data bus of the processor.
Signal / RES (18) connected to the / RESET
Processor (26-th output)
The remaining conclusions - AS, R / W, / DS to
connected to address decoder.
Status signals
AS R / W / DC
Nothing 0 1 1
number selection register 1 1 1
Reading from register 0 1 0
write to register 0 0 1
For example, on a yellow card for Scorpio
findings of AS, / DS, R / W signals can be fed
with m / D54:
D54/13 through an inverter to AS
D54/11 at / DS
D54/15 in the R / W
In this case, the port addresses CMOS-hours
will be stationed in TR-DOS area.
In this arrangement, including analysis of
Only bits 1 and 7, but in order to avoid conflicts with other
ports are recommended such port addresses
The choice of register # D8
Reading from register # 58
Entry in the register # 58
When ispolnovanii Scorpio for the read / write data, you can
use n / n TR-DOS:
# 3FF0 - OUT (C), A
RET
# 3FF3 - IN A, (C)
RET
On computers that have the ROM TR-DOS
There are no such instructions recommend the following program:
; Write data to register
; In:
; [C] - register number of CMOS-hours
; [B] - value to be written
WRREG LD A, C
CALL SETREG
LD A, B
LD C, # 1958
JR OUTPAR
; Reading data from register
; In
; [C] - register number of CMOS-hours
; Out:
; [A] - schitanye from the register value
RDREG LD A, C
CALL SETREG
LD A, # D8
LD C, # 1F
CALL OUTPAR
LD C, # 1958
LD IX, # 3EF3
CALL JPTR
LD A, H
RET
SETREG LD C, # D8
OUTPAR LD IX, # 2A53
JPTR PUSH IX
JP # 3D2F
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В этот день... 21 November