It might come in handy - About capacitors, about multimeters.

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║  What if it comes in handy?       ║
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(C) SANDMAN

 Of course, I don’t argue, many people know what I wrote here,
but I hope this might be useful to someone, so here it is:
I'll read it.


1. About capacitors.

 There is often a need to measure the capacitance of electrolytic
some capacitors, especially since they, more than others, can
lose their capacity over time, and thus they often appear
are the cause of failure of analog equipment.
    Not all testers or multimeters have the function of measuring
capacity, but many have the function of “dialing” the line with sound
your confirmation.  If there is one, and there is also a con-
a densator, and a working one, which we will conditionally call “reference”,
similar to the one that needs to be checked, then it is quite possible to find out
It is clear whether the measured capacitor has died or not. For this purpose it is necessary to
carry the electrodes of the multimeter in the dialing mode to the “this” terminals
long" capacitor and approximately remember the charging time, then
There is a time until the multimeter beeps. Then you need to do
a similar operation with the measuredcapacitor. If it’s time
If the charge is less than that of the “reference” one, it means that it is “dead”.


2. About multimeters.

 Some multimeters, in addition to well-known functions such as
measuring current, voltage, resistance, have some special
new Among them we can distinguish one that is indicated on the
multimeter switch as hFE.
    Such multimeters have a socket where you can insert a transistor
torus, both npn and pnp. Function hFE shows values
parameter h21e of this transistor, that is, its static coefficient
current gain factor. (Thanks for the informationKPN'y).