About everything - masterpieces of digital graphomania: the history of the emergence of computers.

                  
                                          
M.M.A/SPEED CO.                           
                                          
Here it comes  the time has come, my dears, a little
look  at  the silent world around us
question:  "Who are we? Where are we going? And why
are there fingers here?                           
                                          
K  why would I do this? Yes, I read it again
notes  Mr. Nemo  in  fresh  ZX-
FORMAT.... Here  and here  all kinds of me
incomprehensibility!  However, in fairness
It should be  noted that  that  is not  onlyNemo
can  abstruse  and beautiful  express thoughts.
So  in  Samara, it turns out  there are people
capable of  to  creating interesting literature
tour   creations  on  computer theme.
So, if you are ready forseriousconversation
ru - forward!                              
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(Thank you to the editors of the Samara electronic magazine
"SAMAGON"  for  provided material, and
also personally Mr.  V.A. Vtorov)       
                                          
(C) V.A. Vtorov                           
                                          
 ---------------------------------------- 
 MASTERPIECES OF ELECTRONIC GRAPHOMANIA      
 ---------------------------------------- 
  Volume 140                  
         TRAVELS OF AMATEURS           
                                          
      "Need   of a person   express 
 itself  on  not on the stage depends 
 from society's need for actors." 
                                          
                              V.ETUSH.     
                                          
         "If  I wanted to kill my own 
  competitors... I provided  would 
  They have hordes of specialists. Having received 
  a lot of   good advice,  mine 
  competitors  not  could  would 
  get started."            
                              Henry FORD. 
                                          
  The word  "amateur"  now has a derogatory
telial connotation and is usually spoken condescendingly
strong  tone.  A meanwhile, in the past
century, this is what people who love their craft were called.  
                                          
  By very simple reasons for such favorite
the state does not favor the bodies (regardless of
building)  and  secretly  they fiercely hate the "pros"
all suits.  No one likes competitors.
Meanwhile, much of what is associated
interested interests  many today, mostly
parts  created  exactly  "by dummies" and how
rule contrary to government regulations.       
                                          
                                          
  At the origins of electronics itself stands...
journeyman and  apprentice  binder Michael
Faraday. Most  its fundamental
discoveries made  with  with the help of homemade
("homemade") devices.                 
                                          
                                          
  Logical fundamentals of computers - algebra
logic - created alone  John Bull, ro-
raised in a poor working-class family: educated
His education ended at the age of 16, and he went
"to the people." The authorities of that time or games
normalized or criticized "Boolean logic"
ku"...                                    
                                          
  Only more than a hundred years later (1946)
K.  Shannon, a student who worked part-time
operator  on  a clumsy mechanical
numeral device,  on  based on ideas
Boulya developed the foundations of information theory.     
                                          
                                          
  "Differential analyzer",  which
"programmed" Claude Shannon, represented
itself  huge mechanical  arithmometer
the size of a whole room, with a bunch of rollers,
gears, etc... To put the car
task, it was necessary to manually select the six-
lobed  transmission:  on  it took 2-3
day, I had to sweat quite a bit and get dirty
soak in machine oil.                  
                                          
  The the same thing with music. Professionals
XVIII  centuries they reviled as best they could one "non-
daughter", which  will ruin art, it's coming
on  about the tastes of the crowd, etc... That's what
they talked about Bach. He himself, burdened with many things,
numerical  family  and debts, moved from
one  principalities  in other,  to have
opportunity to become an organist in a church,
for the bulky organs only stood there.
                                          
  And in the 19th century he traveled around Europe from St.
national and scandalous  tours  young
a virtuoso man. He was accompanied by crowds
hysterical fans, stood at concerts
scream and howl... And his name was not Jack at all -
dream and Franz Liszt. And he played enough
like a new piano instrument at that time. 
                                          
                                          
  The foundations of modern music were laid
on  cotton  plantations  and in... hairdressing
shitty. There was no need to wait for your turn
so boring, in the waiting room they put a banjo and
the queues strummed on it, while away the time
(newspapers  not  read due to illiteracy
ty).                                      
                                          
  So  and the blues were formed, and here's why
"three thieves chords" American musical
The Vedas call it "hairdressing harmony".  
                                          
  Jazz  began  absolutely underground, in
back rooms of New Orleans brothels, where mu-
the zykants played “for themselves” at night, reflecting
botav  that tavern hack in the evening, for which
which  they  and paid  money(small -
"new Americans", fabulously rich
on   bootlegging   (trade in  moonshine)
jazzmen were not spoiled much.)            
                                          
                                          
  Characteristically, these musicians were self-
go  Bosyatsky  origin,  them at first
there were a little,  they all knew each other and
intensively  exchanged  ideas.  (Louis
Armstrong  didn’t even know exactly the year of his
birth).                                
                                          
  Professional  Performers from Broadway and
venerable composers  s "Tin  Rep Alley"
(alley,  where the music was concentrated
local publishing houses)  first and know them
not  wanted.  It’s not at all strange that in
power new the latest art has come
achievements  techniques - radio and sound recording.
 independent radio stations have appeared (mainly
new in the province), and they reported to the servants
Chatels were exactly what  what  they  needed.
(First  radio broadcast "Barn Dance" -
"Barn Dance" - began broadcasting in 1922
g.radio station in Atlanta. She embodied in
air  rural custom of gatherings  with tan-
tsulki, where they strummed the banjo or
stray "boys"  who received  as
fee (dinner, drinks and overnight stay).         
                                          
  Listening to the radio too  was a real "he-
karma",  because. the station was tuned in
 difficult:  it took a long time to poke
with a needle a piece of  unpurified silicon in
searching for a site with straightening properties -
mi... Tube receivers have made a real
current revolution.                            
                                          
  Studios sound recordings  grew like crazyzhah: they  equipped quickly in
basements, attics, and even in real am-
bar.  The records were sold in huge sizes
rages  in rural shops along with func-
a volume of oil and a pack of nails.               
                                          
  But everything  passes: by the 50s the car
mass cultures ground and digested
once revolutionary jazz. Many basic
positives  died  (as a rule in lifeless
news)  from  drugs or tuberculosis,
lucky ones  brothers themselves  turned into
classics... Candied  music these
The new youth no longer want “fat cats”
la...                                     
                                          
  At this time, things began to happen in England
strange things: white teenagers (from students)
tov to hooligans) began to listen at all
popular  rhythm-blues,  music  black
shantraps type  Little Rishard or special
Penza  E. Presley  (some newspapers considered
his communist agent). Moreover, about
these meetings proceeded from apartment to apartment, but
not in music halls.                       
                                          
                                          
  And thiscontributed to cheap plates
ki-magpies  and  the emergence of inexpensive equipment
quality players.                
                                          
                                          
  There were  among them  there were 10 particularly helpless people
stubbornly stubborn. They themselves tried to fulfill
something  like this, no one needed it,
and they all played in one place, London
club "Marquee". The club was headed by a dumb
Lodoy  fan Alexis Korner, unpopular
musician and collector of strange gramophone records
teenager  Communication in the club was informal:
listened to  records, themselves  tried syg-
army... still five years before that would have been
impossible: not yet availableunpro-
Fender and Standell amplifier professionals,
simple electric organs Vox.               
                                          
  Almost incredible, but true - they came from here
almost all of today's "rock legends":
"Rolling Ctoyhc",  "Led Zeppelin", Elton
John...  underground workers  type  "Velvet
Underground" and many more and no less
well-known. The Beatles were somewhat special
com, but they  were generally "from the Urals" - from
port  Liverpool. By the mid-70s bit-
breaking, unseen concerts  at the stadium
nah... it's all alreadypassed.                    
                                          
  Somewhere in Indonesia, journalists found a couple
Nya, who hasn't heard (!) "Rolling Stone"
uns."  He  was awarded a huge prize... about
this wrote newspapers:  the public, yawning,
I read them.                                
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
  Society  needed new toys. Tech-
nic progress  prepared  them and new ones
heroes  with personalcomputers  under
mouse were already looming on the horizon.          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
           PERSONAL HELL                
                                          
               "We need  people who can
 in silence be content
 inconspicuous activity."
                                          
                             Nietzsche.       
                                          
  First universal computer was
built Herbert Zuse in the living room
Tel houses on their own (and taken in
debt)  money.  "Z3" began in 1941,
absorbing data from "punched paper tape" from the old
film strip, perforated with one's own hand
the author of this  amateur  device.
The first  computer  was  personal
initially, but immediately  was more compact and
"more progressive"  American  "MARK-I"
(3304  relay, length 17 m.) or English
"Colossus",  more reminiscent of the factory one
workshop. In addition  well,  alternative colossi
were created with government money from military institutions
houses, were classified and even served
were officers "giving  to each other
honor"  (from the memories  of one  from Gar-
Ward scientists.)                         
                                          
                                          
  G. Zuse continued to work alone with
such  epileptic enthusiasm that interrupts
Valed work only during the bombing of Burley-
on. The first computer was created by the first he-
kerom (and not vice versa).                    
                                          
                                          
  However, other founders,
nali to work in similar conditions, worked out
jabbing logical  structures... crawling through
semi among the laid out matchboxes,
"emulated" logical cells and manually
shifting  beads that played a role
bits                                    
                                          
                                          
  After 10 years computers took up whole
turbine halls: a hackers  brought from home
folding beds so as not to part with your loved ones
my toy (and expensive machine time
It was easier  to get  at night)  Like Bach in
your time, they  would not be able to drag
your favorite instrument home.          
                                          
  But the main obstacle was not even
this - the programming process itself was
multi-stage and between  author and re-
As a result,  there was a monstrously huge crowd
intermediaries who are a priori indifferent to everything:
bosses, technicians, system specialists, watchmen
ditch and illiterate girl operators, because
who initially stuffed punched cards from terrible
our mistakes. A typical situation was like this:
having received 2  hours very expensive machine
time, you just received a listing of the program
frames indicating the erroneous lines, and the program
ramma  didn’t even think about starting: crowd
the queue has already kicked you out of the terminal:
or was not readyperfovvod: either came
system-wide failure (a couple of times a week - required)
optional): either...                        
                                          
  "Oh,  Gods, I am poisoned, I am poisoned" - correctly on-
wrote M. Bulgakov.                         
                                          
  Yes and communication through the keyboard itself is remote
terminal was more reminiscent of spiritual
tic session: results were given in
text  form, on a sheet of paper (no
displays (not yet) But still exactly
so  were   received  first  debuggers,
text  processors, machine speech, style
hee, music and satellites are designed and in
portly bombs.                           
                                          
  "Perhaps the main motivation
distribution of personal  computers
there was that paradoxical mixture of admiration and
annoyances that caused people great
Computers of the first generations...  it is the annoyance of
those who were most interested in them.
Like photographers who were not allowed to
development  and  printing of the photos they made
photographs, or mechanics who are prohibited
moose look under the hood of the car, they
felt deceived and insulted -
mi."                                      
                    (Computer Basics,1985)