Do it yourself - Recommendations for assembling radio circuits.

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SECTION:DO IT YOURSELF  
TEXT: VOROZHKIN ALEXANDER  
MUSIC:DIA  
TECH. EDITOR: B.STAS  
INFO: V. ALEXANDER  
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 'ASSEMBLY RECOMMENDATIONS  
RADIO CIRCUIT'  
 HERE ARE SOME PRACTICAL CO- 
THE VETS, REPEATEDLY CHECKED  
MANY RADIO AMATEURS.        
1.DO NOT PROCEED WITH ASSEMBLY OF THE UNIT -  
STORMING WITHOUT COOKING EVERYTHING  
ELEMENTS USED IN IT, IN 
CHTHE ORDER OF ASSEMBLY CAN BE ON 
RUSHEN.                          
2.TOOLS AT THE WORKPLACE  
ALWAYS PLACE IN THE SAME SAME 
PLACE AND IN THE SAME ORDER - 
KE; EVERYTHING UNNEEDED FOR UBI- 
GET FROM THE TABLE.                 
IF YOU ARE TIRED OR SOMETHING ONCE 
DRAGING, STOP IMMEDIATELY  
WORK. AND OF COURSE DON'T START 
HER IN SUCH CONDITION.        
WE THINK THAT WITH TIME YOU WILL BE ADVANCED 
FOLLOW THIS LIST WITH YOUR PRACTICE- 
CHECH OBSERVATIONS.           
BEGINNER RADIO AMATEURS OFTEN  
EXPERIENCE DIFFICULTY WHEN READING - 
RESEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSEMBLY ANDON-  
LOCK OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES FROM - 
FOR MISINTERPRETATION FROM - 
CAREFUL TERMS. THEREFORE POST- 
WE ARE LOOKING TO EXPLAIN THE MOST IMPORTANT 
SOME OF THEM.                
IN THE LITERATURE, WHEN DESCRIBING DIGITAL 
OUTPUT SIGNALS USED ONCE -  
PERSONAL EXPRESSIONS:'HIGH(LOW-  
KY)VOLTAGE LEVEL ','SIG-  
HIGH (LOW) LEVEL NAL','  
LOGICAL LEVEL 1(O)','URO-  
VEN 1(O) ETC.                
GET TO KNOW THE DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK  
DIAGRAMS OF SOME CONSTRUCTION,  
KEEP IN MIND THAT THERE IS A COMMON BUS  
USUALLY CALLED CONDUCTOR, APPEARANCE- 
COMMON FOR INPUT AND OUTPUT  
GOING SIGNALS. RELATIVELY  
THIS BUS IN THE DIAGRAMS AND IN THE TEXT  
INDICATE VOLTAGES PER ELEMENT - 
TACH. IN THE OVERWHELMING MOST  
GENERAL CASES ARE ONE OF THE  
BUS BY WHICH ELECTRONIC  
THE CIRCUIT IS SUPPLIED WITH SUPPLY VOLTAGE - 
NIYA.IN CONST -  
RUK IS THE BUS FOR WHICH -  
ROOM ON ELEMENTS OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT 
WE ARRIVE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE- 
BODY POLARITY.             
POWER BUS IS COMMONLY CALLED  
BUS BY WHICH TO ELECTRONIC  
DEVICE DIAGRAM COMES NAP- 
OPPOSITE RELATIONSHIP- 
GENERAL POLARITY IN ALL 
DESCRIPTED DESIGNS (EXCEPT MI 
KRO COMPUTER) POWER BUS TA, SO- 
THE ONE TO THE ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT POS- 
POSITIVE VOLTAGE DAMPS 
POLARITY.                     
IN MICRO COMPUTERS WITH SLU POWER BUS 
HEAT THE TIRES WHICH ARE ENTERED  
VOLTAGES +5W, -5W, +12W.INVERT- 
PLEASE NOTE THAT IN THIS CASE 
SIMULTUALLY SUPPLIED TO THE COMMON BUS  
THREE VOLTAGE SOURCES ARE CONNECTED -  
NIYA.                            
IF THE TEXT SAYS 'TENSION- 
NIE AT THE POINT...', THIS MEANS 
WHATVOLTAGE IS MEASURED RELATIVELY 
EXACTLY THE POINT WITH POTENTIAL  
KNOWN, I.E. COMMON BUS.       
ON DIAGRAMS NOT ALWAYS INDICATED - 
UNUSED ELEMENT OUTPUT 
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS. THEREFORE PE- 
EDIT ASSEMBLY OF POZNA STRUCTURE -  
FOCUS WITH CONDITIONAL GRAPHICS 
DESIGNATION OF THE ELEMENT USED - 
MENT AND ITS WIRING.IF FAS- 
ELEMENT AND PROBABILITY INTERACTION  
POSITION OF INTERFERENCE IN SA- 
MY DEVICE ESSENTIAL RO- 
WHEN THEY DON'T PLAY, THEY ARE UNUSED  
OUTPUT CAN SIMPLY CONNECT  
TO SITES WHICH I DO NOT POST 
NO VOLTAGE.PRO-  
IN THIS CASE THEY CAN BE CONNECTED 
THREAD OR TO ELEMENT, OUTPUT  
WHICH IS CONSTANTLY PRESENT 
HIGH VOLTAGE LEVEL, OR 
THRU A RESISTOR WITH RESISTANCE  
1 COM TO POWER BUS. IN ALL  
THESE CASES CAN BE COMBINED  
(CONNECT TO ONE POINT) NOT  
MORE 1 OUTPUT.               
YOU CAN DO IT OTHERWISE: CONNECT -  
READ UNUSED ELEMENT INPUTS 
MENT TO USED. BUT WITH  
THIS INCREASES THE LOAD ON THE IS 
SIGNAL PATTERN, SO AGAIN  
REDUCES THE SPEED OF THE ELEMENT 
WHEN OPERATING DEVICES ASSEMBLED  
ON DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 
SWITCHING EACH ELEMENT  
ACCOMPANIED BY INCREASES IN SWEAT- 
RESURED CURRENT. IN CONNECTION WITH THIS  
INTERFERENCE ARISES, WHICH CAN  
DISTORT THE OPERATION OF THE CIRCUIT FOR SMALLER 
IMPACT OF INSUSH CURRENT CIRCUIT 
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT POWER BLOCKS 
LOADED WITH CAPACITORS  
O.OZZ...O.O68МКФ.CONNECT THEM  
BETWEEN POWER BUS AND GENERAL BUS 
NOY DIRECTLY IN CASE IN- 
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT. WITH THE SAME CE-  
I LEW ON EACH BOARD IN THE PLACE UNDER 
CONDUCTOR CONNECTIONS FOR WHICH 
POWER SUPPLY TO THE BOARD, MUST 
POD OXIDE CAPACITOR. 
ITS CAPACITY DEPENDS ON THE QUANTITY 
VA OF THE MICROCIRCUIT ON THIS BOARD AND  
SELECTED BASED ON CALCULATION BY 
SMKF FOR EVERY 10 CASES.  
 GET TO KNOW THE DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK AND 
DIGITAL ELECTRIC DEVICE DIAGRAMS 
TRONICS, REMEMBER THAT THE POWER CIRCUIT IS  
RIA OF DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS  
THE ARE CONDITIONALLY NOT SHOWN.   
THEREFORE YOU NEED TO KNOW THAT EVERYTHING IS IN 
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS MADE IN  
EIGHT LEAD PACKAGE, RECEIVER- 
UT POWER THROUGH OUTPUT 8 (+5V)  
AND 4 (GENERAL), IN 14 PINS - 
RESULT OUTPUT 14 (+5V) AND 7 (COMMON),  
B16-PIN-THROUGH PINS  
16(+5V),8(COMMON),IN 24 OUTPUT-  
NOM-THROUGH OUTPUT 24(+5V),12(OB- 
SHY).EXCEPTION TO THIS RULE - 
LA (FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS OF THE SERIES  
K155) COMPLETE: K1SSUE2,  
K155IECH,K1SSUES,POWER ON CO -  
WHICH ARE SUPPLIED THROUGH THE OUTPUT  
5 (+5V) AND 1O (COMMON),K1SSID1,K155 
TM7,K1SSIMZ-THRU OUTPUT 5 (+5V) 
 AND 12 (GENERAL),K1SSTM2,K1SSUM2-CH 
RESULT OUTPUT 4 (+5V) AND 11 (COMMON).  
  
HOW TO CHOOSE A POWER SOURCE.   
___________________________  
  
 FOR POWERDEVICES,ASSEMBLED-  
ON DIGITAL INTEGRAL  
SCHEMES MAINLY USED  
TWO TYPES OF SOURCES: CHEMICAL  
CURRENT SOURCES (GALVA BATTERIES - 
NIC ELEMENTS OR BATTERIES -  
LYATOROV) AND SECONDARY SOURCES  
SUPPLY CONVERTING NETWORK  
VOLTAGE 22 OV (RECTIFIERS  
OR VOLTAGE STABILIZERS).  
SELECT ANY OF THE SPECIFIED  
SOURCES IN EACH SPECIFIC  
THE CASE DEPENDS ON SEVERAL PA- 
DIMETERS: POWER CONSUMPTED  
DEVICE, OPTION 
(WEARABLE,MOBILE,STATIONARY -  
NO), TEMPORARY OPERATION MODEAND 
ETC ALL THESE FACTORS IN Amateur 
WHAT CONDITIONS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED  
IT IS COMPLEX, SO WHEN SELECTING A SOURCE 
POWER NICK FOR THE CONSTRUCTION,  
COLLECTED ON DIGITAL INTEGRAL 
SCHEMES YOU CAN USE  
THE FOLLOWING GENERAL RECOMMENDATION- 
MI.                             
 FOR POWERING PORTABLE OR MO- 
BIG DEVICES WITH SHORT-TERM  
VARIABLE OPERATING MODES (SIRE- 
US, ELECTROMUSICAL DEVICES - 
VA, GENERATORS, ETC.) EVERYTHING IS BETTER 
GO TO USE GALVANIC ELEMENTS 
MENTA TYPE Z16,ZCHZ,Z7Z,AZZZb  
OR BATTERIES D-O.25, D-O.55, 
TsNK-O.5, OTHERWISE -  
D-O.55, TsNK-O.5, KNG-1.5 ETC.   
 IN STATIONARY SAME- 
It is advisable to USE SOURCES 
SUPPLY CONNECTED TO THE NETWORK 
RES DOWN TRANSFORMER.   
IF THE DEVICES INCLUDE 
GENERATORS COLLECTED ON DIGITAL  
OUTPUT INTEGRATED CIRCUITS TTL CE- 
RIY, THEN SUPPLY VOLTAGE OF SUCH 
DEVICES MUST BE REQUIRED 
BUT STABILIZED.             
 WHEN SETTING ELECTRONIC DEVICES -  
ROOMS MUST BE USED  
VOLTAGE STABILIZERS WITH PI-  
BLACK FROM THE NETWORK 22 OV. 2-CH DIAGRAMS  
SUCH STABILIZERS ARE LISTED  
BELOW. FOR EACH DESCRIBED IN  
DEVICE BOOK RECOMMENDED  
MOST SUITABLE PI SOURCE 
TANIA.                          
 FOR POWER DEVICES, ASSEMBLED -  
AS AS ON INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 
AND ON OTHER RADIO ELECTRONICS -  
THE ELEMENTS REQUIRED VOLTAGE 
DC CURRENT WITH VERY MA 
LONG DEVIATIONS FROM NOMINAL -  
NOTE VALUE. AND IS INSTALLED 
THE VALUE OF VOLTAGE SHOULD  
SAVE AT SIGNIFICANT KO 
VARIATIONS OF LOAD CURRENT AND VOLTAGE -  
SUPPLY MAINS. THEREFORE BLO 
KIPOWER SUPPLY FOR SUCH DEVICES, KRO- 
ME OF POWER TRANSFORMER AND  
RECTIFIERS, CONTAIN AND STABILIERS - 
VOLTAGE CONGESTION, TYPE OF WHICH  
DEPENDS ON THE SPECIFIC SOURCE - 
POWER KA.                     
  
INSTALLATION IS A SERIOUS BATTERY.          
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NOW A FEW WORDS ABOUT TECHNIQUE 
INSTALLATION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH 
USING INTEGRAL  
CIRCUITS.INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, LIKE  
MOST SEMICONDUCTORS  
DEVICES CAN EASILY BE REMOVED - 
DEN FROM BUILDING POTENTIALRELATIVE- 
VERY HIGH VOLTAGE  
OR STATIC ELECTRICITY 
ATTO THEIR OUTPUTS. SO 
IT DIDN'T HAPPEN, WE NEED TO USE - 
USE LOW VOLTAGE (ZvV) SOLDER - 
FLAX WITH GROUNDED POINT.PRI 
SOLDERING CHIPS AND TRANSISTORS  
BE SURE TO USE ANTIST 
TICAL BRACELET FROM COPPER.IT  
PUT ON THE WRIST AND CONNECT -  
INCLUDE THROUGH CURRENT-LIMITING  
RESISTOR 2.5...SMOM LONG AND  
FLEXIBLE INSULATED CONDUCTOR -  
COM WITH 'EARTH'. GROUND BRACE -  
YEARS WITHOUT CURRENT-LIMITING RE- 
ZISTOR IS IMPOSSIBLE, SINCE IT IS MO- 
CAN RESULT IN ELECTRONIC DAMAGE 
RIC CURRENT.                 
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CAN BE OUT- 
OUT OF STORY AND IN THERMAL PROMOTION 
BATTLE. REASONS FOR IT: INCORRECT CONNECTION 
READING TO POWER CIRCUIT AND LOAD - 
KI OR MICRO CASE OVERHEATING 
CHEM DURING INSTALLATION. AND IF THE FIRST  
MAY BE A RESULT OF YOUR NOT 
ATTENTION AND MISUNDERSTANDING OF RA 
BOTS OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT,TO WTO- 
ROE-WEAK PRACTICAL SKILLS 
ELECTRONIC DEVICE ASSEMBLY 
PLEASE NOTE IN CONNECTION WITH THIS  
FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING RECOMMENDATIONS.      
 1. TIPE OF A HEATED SOLDERING IRON  
MUST BE COVERED WITH THIN LIGHT 
LONG LAYER OF SOLDER. SCALSE AND CA- 
FAIR ON THE STING SHARPLY EXTENDED  
SOLDERING TIME AND WORSE ITS KA-  
HONOR.                         
 2.SOLDER MUST MELT FROM  
TEMPERATURES OF SOLDERED SURFACES -  
NEWS, NOT A SOLDERING IRON TIP.     
 H. DO NOT ARTIFICIALLY COOL  
SOLDER POSITIONS WHICH ARE WORSE 
ITS MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL  
WHAT PROPERTIES.                   
 4. INDICATOR OF QUALITY UNIT 
KI IS SMOOTH SHINY  
SURFACE OF THE SOLDER LOCATION AFTER  
IT'S COOLING.                  
5. WHEN INSTALLING CIRCUITS, DO NOT USE - 
USE FLUXES CONTAINING ACID 
THE. THEY DESTROY THE SOLDER POINT  
AFTER IT COOLS.            
 6. BEFORE INSTALLING INTO THE OB- 
LOOK ALL USED OUTPUT  
ELEMENT.                       
 7.SOLDER LENGTH OF ONE LEG  
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SHOULD NOT be  
EXCEED 5 C.  
 8. OUTPUT OUTPUT INTEGRAL -  
THE CIRCUIT ON THE BOARD SHOULD BE WEIGHT- 
STAY IN CHESS ORDER.       
  
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