A little about the Russian language
If you look at the categorization in Wiktionary (it is based on
Zaliznyak’s dictionary), then there are 205 declension paradigms in the Russian language
nouns and 98 verb conjugation paradigms (method
formations of perfect/imperfect species are not taken into account,
algorithmic shifts of stress before
-sya). The fact that such a terrible amount has accumulated in the main
because of the accents, it can be seen from the fact that my calculations gave only 27
paradigms for declension of nouns without taking into account stress.
Where did these accents come from?
Dahl gave many stress options for each word and
pronunciation, Grot often gave two. Apparently the most global
The one-size-fits-all haircut started with Ushakov’s dictionary. Let's say
these comrades wanted all of Russia to speak the same way. good
undertaking. But HOW is it the same? There were a ton of options to choose from.
They did not have a system for calculating a specific stress; they
could take emphasis from their personal pronunciation,from old
dictionaries or from poetry (it’s difficult to search here - computer search
didn't exist then). All three options ultimately go back to
personal pronunciations. And personal pronunciations are very random -
one word from there, another from here (especially if you mix old
poems with modern kitchen speech). Choosing the "right" one
The option in each case was not an easy one. Apparently, I had to
mainly guided by their own pronunciation
dictionary compilers.
In general, they set it up as they knew. The main thing is that they delivered.
Foreigners now always have an accent to learn. Fine.
But it is not clear why Zaliznyak, who classified EVERYTHING
words, left the accents reflected in old dictionaries? He could
derive rules and accept other pronunciation options, better
fit into the system. They didn't give it to him? Let's say. But why since then
since then (and more than 30 years have passed) this question will never be asked again
did you get up? Why do they continue to hammer home accents into children?
which are alien not only to their native pronunciation, but also
modern Moscow (for example, foil, flyleaf)?This was the historical part. And now the psychological one.
Why do Russians fill their heads with this nonsense - where is it right?
put emphasis (although at home in the kitchen he will still say
in its own way, and in every way), what specific forms
specific words are not kosher (although at home in the kitchen he still uses them
will use), in what style what words are used
(they came up with as many as 4 styles) etc.? Isn't this reflected in time?
spent on learning the language? Yes, it is reflected, and
increases. Does this affect the time remaining for
studying other subjects? Yes, it is reflected, and it reduces it.
Does this affect your ability to learn other languages? After all
memory is not infinite? This is a difficult question. Apparently yes. By
census, more than 90% of Russians do not speak a foreign language (in
European Union - 44% of the population do not speak a foreign language
level sufficient for conversation, and of the remaining 56%, half
speaks two foreign languages - in particular, practically
entire population of Luxembourg and the Netherlands: see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union ).
Nowlinguistic part.
How to get stress rules that have
predictive power? First you need material. You can take
the entire dictionary (for example, Lopatin’s dictionary). You can take some
part of it (how to highlight it?). You can use
categorization in Wiktionary. Next, we need rules, already
described in the literature. They come in fits and starts, some have succeeded
find. I wish there was more. How to proceed with the work?
Let's say we got the rules. How to find a list of words that are in
do they not correspond to the modern official pronunciation? How
check that the pronunciation obtained by mathematics is valid
exists somewhere? What criteria for “existence” should be applied?
Now the practical part.
Let's say we got a wonderful and wonderful new system
accents. How to convince academics that the new system is better?
What can be done to make it appear in new dictionaries (at least as
option)?
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