Open Letters #02 20 февраля 2000

Nemo open letters № 2.2

230027 20.11.99


   Hello, dear Captain Nemo!


   You wrote N. We (I NN) purchased from
You recently 4-minded board and KAY1024
took them with him to a distant Belarus, and
namely the city of Grodno. Fortunately Boards
were drove without any problems (I mean
customs control) and all 4 were in
working condition. Immediately would like to draw your 
attention to the problems associated with the connection fees 
to the monitor and it is connecting to a monitor type

EGA, as with traditional monitors (such as
CGA) the add does not arise. Unfortunately, the types of 
monitors EGA (and some models and CGA) requires separate 
signals to horizontal and vertical synchronization, the You 
have the same connector on the monitor only goes sinhrosmes. It 
certainly does not fatal, but had to climb on board with an 
oscilloscope in the search for these signals and spend the 
already not too much time. Further, the question arose about 
how to connect the keyboard. In fields such as 1-5, Q-T, A-G, 
6-0, YP, CS-V, H-ENTER, B-SPACE everything seems to be

understandable, but I do not refer to K10,
K29, K38, K47, K56?? Guess that this
pair of contacts is not difficult, but where is that?
Again a waste of time and the search for an educated bet. 
Fortunately, with the connection TR-DOS like no problems arose,

apart from the fact that we had long
tinker, while hooked up 3.5 "floppy drive
(As it turned out, had to just turn the PC half-loop).

   After the successful launch of the computer, we started to 
connect the hard drive ... But here we grasped the coolest 
bummer. After installing the card in the HDD controller slot 
and connect the cable to the drivers (the former - why the 
former, read on) HDD volume of 41 Mb, we have included computer 
and glad that it's executed ...

therefore, everything is connected correctly (it should be
note that we double checked everything several times), run 
ISDOS ... And begins to read "INSTALLATION GUIDE HDD IDE / 
ISDOS". The first thing that caught my eye is that ide3 +. blk

did not want to run, but with joy
established ide5 +. blk, it is somewhat guarded, but oh well 
... more completely knocked that on the drive, we did not find 
the promised bat-file, namely mem_tu +3. bat??? where he is and 
what should be run?? Again neponyatok pile and spent time ...

Then, looking at texts in the ISDOS, we
decided to print them, for which it was necessary to shut down 
the computer (to connect printer). I note that I am somewhat 
surprised by the absence of any com-file for the parking of 
heads?? Having experience with old models of MS, I

knew it was only in new models of HDD
heads are parked themselves in their old
need to manually park ... Well, not so
No! Without finding at least some information
I turn off the power ... Winchester, yelp (suspiciously so) 
stopped ... include food, inside the hard drive sounded frantic 
clicking, and all was quiet ... Finally, Having dealt with the 
documentation, we run the setup program, and instead promised 
the right panel with information about the parameters of the 
hard drive, we have a message: "DO NOT Could not read PORTS 
Winchester, yes and in addition to HDD yet our beginnings as a 
suspicious pop, as if the head want to escape. Pomuchavshis More

bit with the settings, we understand that will not achieve 
anything ... Restarted several times ISDOS, we drew attention 
to the fact that if you press RESET, and not let go, then

crash could stop, but could not! So
Anyway, we have only what
program settings simply has to hang ... in describing ISDOS 
stated that if a program hangs or resets,

then the problem lies in hardware (although it is unclear that 
one could somehow different about this news? Really, it is 
likely question to the developers ISDOS), but because

Anyway, we decided to check the HDD, connecting to a PC, this 
is where our fears and confirmed! BIOS flatly refused

recognize the hard drive ... HDD only
still rattled, no matter what is not responding. Although 
before that he worked well with MS and it was MSDOS. Kinuvshis 
in the search for reasons that still resulted in the tragic 
death of HDD, we examined the plume for closure of adjacent 
contacts (Result - all correctly). And here we are shocked by 
the fact that, in fact, likely reason lies in the controller 
itself HDD. Examined him in more detail, we found that he had 
no Hilo hit by pitch to contact, which is inserted into the 
slot, and it is 30 pin practically crawled to the place

pin 29, I'm not talking about how managed not to fly the 
computer itself?? 

   Anyway, I guess I was left without
HDD, but not the question ... Although money
for the HDD were also paid! Where is the guarantee
that, having bought a new HDD, will not be repeated
the same story? So I would like to
to hear your opinion on this matter, and
also addressing the further operation of the HDD.

   But the story does not end
reassured connecting HDD, I decided
connect the C-DOS modem. Having made shoe
under the connector NEMOBUS, I connected it to
Port # 77 (119) (A3 and A7). However, short-lived
I had to rejoice, because none of the programs would not 
recognize him. Though he commanded from BASIC to the port, 
modem cheerfully clicked relyushkoy, thus giving to understand 
that the handset is lifted and lowered. Try to read values 
​​from the port I have received in any case 0, again neponyatka 
some ... 

   Failing health modem
I hooked kempston mouse according to the scheme
published in the ZX-FORMAT. And again I
suffered the same fate as a modem connection. In the mouse 
semi-regularly worked only port # FDDF (65,503), semi-regularly,

because the data from it came with some
interference. (It should be noted that both the modem and
mouse regularly work on other computers without KAY). Others 
ports, namely # FADF (65,223) and # FBDF (64,479) remains

contain 0 in any case, whether or not connected device.

   But not losing hope, I continued my research. I was left 
wondering why the data from port # FDDF run interference?? And 
I must admit, I have succeeded, though I was hardly happy. The 
whole blame was port # 1F (31) kempston joystick'a ... I wrote 
a little BASIC programmulku: 

   1910 PRINT IN (# 77): GO TO 10 of which
shows that, by substituting the port # 77
any other port, including ports
kempston mouse, in any case, we obtain
the same values ​​as in the port # 1F (31).
On this basis, I have matured a question: is
do what? glitch most development schemes?
The fault of my motherboard? Although in principle
it is not so important. The main thing that I
now interested, so it's how to fix
decoding port kempston joystick or
worst general nafig clean it up ...
although the second least preferred.

   That's over my first, hopefully not the last acquaintance 
with the remarkable computer KAY1024. In general, the machine 
is good, I especially like 7MHz and 1Mb of memory, or plugging 
COVOX SOUNDRIVE, you can play music modules from AMIGA, or MS 
for sampling sound 18-22 kHz, and this is not enough! The most 
interesting thing is that all this is pure enough processor 
without there music boards and DMA. 

   Finally I was still interested in several questions:

   1) Many of the tests determine the presence of
CPU Z80 or Z84! So the question
they something different? As a temporary
parameters or the presence of any bands?

   2) What ports KAY1024 responsible for
output to a printer? And in particular, as a general to command?

   3) How to KAY1024 arranged memory? A
exactly how the appeal to the top
memory? (Desirable example for assembler'e).

   4) In the port # 7FFD: bit 6 - AUTO and bit 7
- A18: AUTO and that means that the A18?

   5) In the port # 1FFD: bit 0 - RAM / ROM in the 0-th
sector - whether it is possible to learn more about
this bit? Also of interest, and other bits
for example, bit 1 - Q8 and bit 6 - Q6: what
they belong?

   6) Returning to the problem of the printer:
something I still know (if properly
- To approve - if not, then disprove):
a) bit 7 port # nnFE responsible for the readiness of the 
printer? b) To send a byte to the printer, you must include 
register # 0E coprocessor by Command port # FFFD, then set the 
desired B for printing, sending him to the port

# BFFD and then initialize the printer
sending a number of X in the port # 1FFD.

   That is the number of X and me interested. In
driver ISDOS there goes the number of
# 31, but I have not held such an option.
Waiting for your version of the explanation.

   7) And the last question for today:
running one program, I received a discharge
computer, but was not in the firmware TR-DOS
and not even BASIC-128 - I got the firmware shadow businesses 
PROFI. Interested in what she doing there? As its cause is 
normal? AND can you go to write something of my own instead

her?

        At this permit bow, N.

P.S. Good thing OPEN LETTERS, but only
tell his secretary to admit it is less grammatical errors, and 
then read scary ...


_________________________________________


          A replica of "secretary":


   Letter N, seems to have been recruited
in fashion now program Word for Windows.
Very useful thing when looking for typos,
but does not eliminate the need for knowledge
Russian language, and most importantly, absolutely no
understand the meaning of written material. :-) Here is a list 
of errors not caught Word'om: 

1. "Meaning" instead of "meaning"

2. "Except for the fact that we had ..."
should be: "apart from the fact that we had ..."

3. "In order to connect." It should be: "to"

4. "The old model" - "old ..."

5. "... Turning it inside a hard drive
there was a frantic click ...", "... buying
new HDD will not happen again exact same story. "and" From this 
I have matured question.


   In all cases: invalid use of
participial turnover. A classic example: "Going to the window, 
his hat blown off by the wind." Participial turnover is 
acceptable Where in the proposal and

participial reverse action is performed by the same person. By 
the way, "the same" - Two words not one, and even WinWord

ought to know.

6. "Unable to read ..." - "Do not" with verbs written 
separately. 

7. "... In addition HDD we started out as a suspicious pop, as 
if the head want to get out. "- Wrong tenses. Should be:" ... 
head like ...". In addition, the word "addition" written 
together. 

8. "Pomuchavshis still silent ..." - Word is not
distinguish silent from the "little."

9. "Not on what is not responding" - "no matter what"

10. "I'm not talking about the fact that both managed to ..." - 
For three consecutive pronouns. 

11. "But not for long I had ..." -
"Not long" in this case we must write
together.

12. "Is not one of the programs -" no ... "

13. On thin horses "- or" at worst ", or" on thin horses.

14. "Lastly" - "Finally"

15. "Ascendacy" - "Ascendancy". When copying of unfamiliar 
words in an unfamiliar language, it is useful sometimes in the 
dictionary look. At the same time and learn the meaning of the 
word. 


   On missing commas, number several dozen, I do not say. 
However, we must pay tribute, to read printed letters is much 
easier than writing by hand! Next time, please send also an 
electronic copy of on diskette or by e-mail'om. You will not 
need All this once again to drive change and mistakes.


_________________________________________


       Hello, dear N!


   1). Spectrum is designed to work with
TV-receiver or a monitor, having
inputs for TV-standard. (See OPEN LETTERS
- Topic has been discussed).

   2). About connecting the keyboard,
In my opinion, the sheet-passport everything is normal,
- At least, before such issues
did not arise. (Except for attempts
keyboard with native plugs RP15-15 SHVKV - but she
"Wisely" numbered pins - a mirror. This was probably done in 
order to help users life did not seem to sugar). In addition, 
it can be traced scheme.


   3). In Winchester.

   3.1. Winchester, which requires parking the heads - this is 
a very dangerous thing, but still ancient. What would you do if 
you "Gathering" program ISDOS'e? This situation may arise when 
debugging a program and when you start the "left" of the 
program under ISDOS'om. Manually park? Winchester

differs from the drive so that you can easily lose all the 
information Unlike single disk (in drive)

Therefore, such drives should not use - will be our own peril. 
This is not the only charm of old screws (see below). 

   3.2. You are fairly detailed description of their
manipulation with the installation of the screw, but not
mention two very important things: 1) type
screws, 2) the type of power supply.

   When connecting a propeller problem (if
they occur) are usually systemic in nature. Explain in detail 
what this means.


   System problems - problems which are "sitting" in the 
interaction of software and Hardy. And those who sit in hard'e,

include the interaction between the controller and screw and 
screw with the power supply. Power supply, in turn, affects all 
computer subsystems. For example, if you place the hose IDE

next to the power transistors BP, the guarantee will not work. 
Diskovodny train less critical, because where the signals are 
alternated signal ground. In addition, to supply the required 
ANCIENT SCREW large currents and high currents - this is more 
noise. 

   But this is failure. Do you have the same
apparently burned hard drive. Winchester
burn through signals from the controller is almost impossible, 
unless you do connections with the power. In

This can be seen, turning the train
IDE opposite - performance with proper installation (ie, if to 
turn back into the correct position) restored. I also declare

that when connecting bolts have never been mentioned case, the 
bolt is irreversibly lost information (ie not tested

after attempting to connect to MS-ke). A
Here fuse screws - really burned out. Burned out is because of 
the power supply. Mechanism similar to the following: 

   In the dispersal of the screw and sudden stop of dispersal 
(eg, RESET'u - y Some screws) abruptly changes the current

BP load. And the power supply due to
BAD transient response (reaction
to sudden changes of load current in the form
surge) to issue on-the-mountain "to
6.5 - 7.0V. In some cases, this led to the shutdown BP (the 
threshold of protection typically 6.0 - 6.5V). But some of the 
screws burn and at six volts. As

an example, ST351. And burn in
literally - with the smoke. Screw the same
ST157, for example, is guaranteed to block
PSU (if that is the defense).
If, however, no protection, then burn. (ST157
looks like a tin can).

   All that I know power supplies sold under the Spectrum, not 
designed to connect the ancient screws. IBM-vskie

Power supplies are also dangerous, as Spectrum'ovskie. For 
IBM-BP load current 1 - 2A (and so much consumes Spectrum)

- It is idling. If this
mode "jumps" to the load current value
the order of 1 - 2A, the PSU with a probability (of
model to model and from manufacturer to manufacturer, ie 
depending on type) 30% Exit stabilization.

What if this blows - the screw, the controller board or drive - 
God knows. Ancient screws and have another unpleasant feature 
(not all but some) - they start to accelerate DIRECT After the 
appearance of food. BP is in this currently in the transitional 
regime, when the OS still does not work. Similarly, when

turn-off, - and that in another moment
possible emissions.

   Somehow adjust or change
parameters of BP is almost impossible.
(The exception is, perhaps, only BP
9022 - it can be relatively easily
improve the transient response).

   What to do then? And the answer is
simple - do not buy old screws. After
lacks the same mind, users do not buy old drives a double-height
belt-driven spindle (or the 5305 Armenian "flood").

   When installed on a Spectrum critical
characteristic of the screw is (Warning) is the capacity and 
power consumption. As Generally, all the screws are 
double-height a very large consumption, they can not

take in any case. Based on past experience, I recommend screws 
brand CONNER (namely they are completed item 1.9.). Their 
consumption of 0.2 - 0.3A as at 5V, and for 12V. Ie Current 
consumption is about the same as that of the drive. Therefore, 
they can be used with existing PD. (In an extreme case, if the 
BP does not pull, then you can disable the second drive and 
everything will work). Replacement PSU - quite a painful 
procedure for your computer. Been documented cases of user is 
trying to put together again car, burned the hard drive, trying 
to cram it under PD. (Other places in the car did not find - a 
more powerful PSU - it's large size). 

   Now what about "... do not step on downed Hilo
contact ...". Try the sake of the experiment a hundred times to 
reconnect the controller drive - and it will work. Do not

to shift the blame to a healthy. Connectors of the controller 
and screw the drive controller is exactly the same - it the 
same constructive element in the PCAD'e. Another thing, if you 
broke the key. This controller is not really a tenant - and he 
will burn sooner or later. Well even if it does not burn and

fee.

   Afford some general comments. First, it should not pose a 
hurt and seek someone blemishes. Even if they are, you It's no 
help. In the meantime, if you find any flaw in their own 
actions, it will help EXACTLY. This is a more productive 
approach. Fyodor Mikhailovich is very well written ("The 
Brothers Karamazov"): "That is, it is nice to be offended. It's 
so good you said that I never heard it before. Namely, it is 
something I whole life and resent to the amenity, for the 
aesthetics of offense, for not only pleasant, but and nice 
sometimes to be offended - that's, that you've forgotten, great 
elder: beautiful! This I will write a book! "



   Secondly, if something is done for the first time, that 
being said, the first pancake clod. I do not want to say that 
it is good I want to say that this is normal. With the drive no 
problem, simply because there is EXPERIENCE. You have seen how 
others do it, you did it yourself, and you know what sequence 
of actions leads to success. Winchester is the same thing is 
absolutely new and all actions necessary to make informed. If 
you are unable to cope with this task, you need to buy

ready-made equipment. Or at worst, as
in this case - with the hard disk controller.
Something similar happened in the early 90
years, when the audience change from
cluster Spectrun'ov on machines with a floppy drive. 
Schizophrenia with ohami, ahami, trachea, smoke and soot went 
up until the market is not out professionals with massive sales

intelligently made equipment with high
processability and good reproducibility. After that, the 
audience watched - and learned - and now doing it yourself.


   4. According to C-DOS-modem nothing definite can not say, 
because do not have information. Judging by the fact that you 
had to unsolder block (once again climbed with a soldering iron 
to the board!) and anticipating more forward (on the basis of 
your experiments with the program 10 PRINT in (# 77): GO TO 10)

we can conclude that the case IORQ / IORQGE.
Port Kempston joystick takes all
odd-numbered ports, and keyboard port ALL
even-numbered ports (for reading). That is, if nothing is 
connected to the bus. If you connect peripheral Tyre

device, it is when it detects a
addresses must, without waiting for the signal IORQ
(Ie, only by a combination of the address!) To block the 
passage through IORQ bus line IORQGE. In this case the ports

the machine itself and, in particular, joystick port (or 
keyboard) Blocking and BUS goes into a free state to share with 
your address identifies the peripheral board. This way of 
connecting peripherals more effective than any cleverly heaped 
decoders in the machine. This the same, what to look for the 
spark plugs in diesel engine. As an application, see the paper 
six years ago. Apparently, she still has not lost its 
relevance. Forget about these decoders, or a soldering iron so 
much mangled wood that nothing will not work. (See

schema: the element D55.2-.4 (74F32/1533LL4)).

   An example (schematic) as a working lock IORQ / IORQGE, you 
can learn examined jointly, for example, scheme IDE-driv'a and 
motherboard - Further schemes:


   1. The bus arrives combination addresses. If the peripheral 
device on this address, it ignores it. Signal

IORQ freely (all IORQGE in the log.
"0") runs on the board. In case this
device address (in the IDE-drive is a combination of A1 and A2 
= 0 = = 0, - decoder D1, and also it does not cycle extraction 
KOP'a (M1 / = 1) and not TRDOS (DOS / = 1), then activates the 
decoder D1 (ID7) and the signal EBL goes to 0. Next to 19 found 
tire shaper 0-log. translates it (decoder, IC D6.2/AP5) to 
active (on outputs) state. At the output 17: 5 ~ log

1, so the output is B3 (3 foot D6.2 AP5)
moves from a high impedance state
(More precisely, "0" th, because of the fee
This lamella (13A, H2.2, IORQGE) podsazhena
on a log. 0 resistor on the inputs D 55.2-D
55.4. (This is a R57, or R56, or R61,
- Depending on where you installed
periphery of the board - in this we
If IDE drive) to "1" th of the distance. Further, the base 
plate to fins 13A sockets XS 6-8 this same logic 1 with AP5 
goes to one input of elements D55.2-.4. Since the elements are 
connected in series, then appearing after the address signal 
IORQ (active state - logic 0) "Stuck" / locked / fail in

IC D55, on the lip 8 DD55 strict logic 1
(Despite the fact that the input of the chain -
arbitration scheme DD55.2 (foot 2) IORQ in
LOGICAL ZERO. Thus INTERNAL
PORTS OF FEES (including ports and keyboard / joystick) is not 
polled. And peripheral board (IDE-drive) PRODUCES input / 
output ports, and no one disturbs her. 

   With regard to "... work on other computers ...", this is 
because there sly decoders on the boards, it is

perhaps also kotsanye ("poke"
soldering iron). At the same decoding KAY'yah ports of the 
board is extremely simplified, since issues of expansion are 
solved by IORQ / IORQGE, ie decoder circuitry has been moved to 
the peripheral board. 

   It is more reasonable, because no need for picking decoders. 
"Tough" decoders let into the motherboard

never cover all the necessary combinations of addresses. This 
means that their have to periodically "poking" a soldering 
iron. For what it may lead, to explain, I hope not. 


        Now the answers to questions.

1. Processors do not differ if
do not use undocumented commands. If they use it, you can
life to seek and find the differences.

2. Output to the printer ports deal
AY8910 (see sheet-passport fee
KAY-1024). First, send the number of current register: or # E, 
or # F (14 or 15 decimal), ie selected parallel port. (In 
AY8910 two of them). Next You can either write or read 
information from them. Generally speaking, it is unclear Why 
ask this question - you also have quite intuitive printer 
driver iSDOS'a. 

3. Accessing high memory is
either through the OS iSDOS as a standard
access to electronic disk, or as
to an electronic drive "C" (in TRDOS'e)
through # 3d13. Any other recourse to 1Mb
Memory lack of practical sense.

4. Bit 6 / # 7ffd - this control line
pin16 DB25 (printer). The sheet-passport
error. This line INIT printer. When you install the log. 1 in 
this bit INIT line goes from high impedance state in status 
log. 0. The line is operated by IC D44 (7406/155LIZ) open

collector. Therefore, to obtain the log. 1
requires an external resistor to 5V (no less than 200 ohms). 
When the printer is connected the resistor is not needed 
because He has a very printer. Bit 7 - is a bit of control

top (above 256 Kb) memory.

5. Port # 1ffd:

   Bit 0. When you install the log. 1 includes
ROM instead of 0-th page of RAM. To reset 0
(As, indeed, all the other bits of port # 1ffd and # 7ffd). 0-I 
page of RAM is available for both recording and to read the 
addresses # 0 .. # 3fff. 

   Bit 1. Is similar in operation
and circuit solutions to bit 6 /
# 7ffd, but controls the line
pin25/XS1/DB25. In the standard Centronics'e absent. (There's 
this leg DB25 land sits.) Designed to control a "smart" 
peripherals, rather than printer. USB printer in this case

used the same system connector (on purpose) for external slow 
(compared with systemic devices on the system bus) peripherals.


   Bit 6. Also similar to bat 6 / # 7ffd.
Manages pin'om N23/DB25/XS1. In the classical Centronics'e is 
also the land. Ie one additional output "out" of

OK Computer by the scheme (common collector).

6. a) Bit 7 of port # nnFE responsible for the readiness of the 
printer. In the built-in ROM program, however, the readiness is 
queried through AY8910 (bit 2 of port B - parallel). These bits 
are connected in parallel. 

   b) The expression "to initialize ...
Printer ... "is incorrect. When zasylanii
number # 31 (and its subsequent removal) is formed by the gate. 
And doing it bit 5 # 1ffd. Gating "latches" the data in the 
printer. The remaining bits depends on the state vector 
machines / programs and are defined by the programmer, based on 
the most program. In particular, B # 31 in the port

# 1ffd causes the following sequence: 0-I
Home - RAM (bit 0), D1 - passive, D2
- Turbo mode is enabled, D3 - semidomain
ROM in the normal manner, D4 - included
senior 128K RAM, 256K of lower memory (this
so, if bit D7 / # 7ffd in 0 -
log.) D5 - gate to 0; D6 - passive; D7
- The choice of the lower 512K.

   Possible explanation is as follows. If not
be able to understand the assignment of bits
ports, use the-shelf software products. Finding errors in your
programs not part of my responsibilities.


       A few general comments.

1. In the forthcoming now to enter brochure
"KAY-1024," many of your questions will be
explained. (Within reason). The brochure will not claim to be 
comprehensive, but there will be the most necessary.


2. In the column circuit (see diagram) connector XS1
some signals are mixed up names. In
brochure that will be fixed.

3. Recommend the program for the OS.
Reasons include:

   1) If you try to write a traditional (assembler) means long 
program 1MB, then by the time dopisaniya last kilobyte, you are 
likely to forget what it was in the very first kilobyte. 1MB - 
is boundless, for any Programmer's space - I mean assembler 
programming. Needed larger units of meaning. No OS they are 
impossible. 

   2) If there is an OS, the equipment can
change in architectural terms. Imagine your fright. It just goes
the appointment of the same bits of the port Centronics'a. If 
you write a program in assembly language, it will be hard, 
"tied" to the equipment, especially a 1 MB. If

The same program written for OS, it is
can get and so that change does not have to.

   7. In the "Open letters", if I'm not mistaken, has three 
answers to this question. Firmware went to "inherited" from the 
company Skim in 1993. It was assumed that this

will shadow businesses. At the moment, it performs a purely 
technical function. Released this is no shadow businesses. For 
simplicity, we assume that there is nothing at all. Machine 
sold without a shadow businesses. 

   P.S. On your side it would be reasonable
look at "Open letters" are not errors, but useful information. 
Believe me, she's there there. And I would not have to translate

so much paper and time. For example, the response
to question 7 was quite possible to get
yourself by searching
Pattern (lexicographic search) with
key "shadow".


   This simple - at first glance - thought
not so obvious. Therefore, presenting it
in expanded form.

   If people are not familiar with the equipment circuitry, the 
programming "At the hardware level," he categorically

recommended. In practice, this is defined as follows: if the 
person is able to determine, for example, the functions of bits 
of ports, based on the concept, then he can write

"Under the iron" - if not in a position -
and this essentially means that he does not understand how 
EQUIPMENT - then and write "under the hardware it is 
impossible. 

   In other words, the concept of necessary and sufficient for 
a man who writes "under the iron." In any explanatory He does 
not need. If you need clarification, it leads to unpleasant 
thoughts. And in the best would never give any explanation.


   By the way, the concept is attached for this purpose. Ie 
concept is used correctly, Destination, if it is used


   1) FOR REPAIR

   2) to analyze, write and debug
Programs under the iron, ie scheme is needed
for understanding how WILL this or
other programs at the level EQUIPMENT.

   3) to develop peripherals.

   Now let's think about what would happen if a person does not 
understand Apparatus will be "under the iron" writing software 
- using, for example, a table of ports (destination bits) or 
someone else's advice (for example, my) or someone's shelf 
software fragments. 

   If the equipment is a classic, traditional, good 'run-in "at 
the hardware level, it is likely his program will really work. 
As a result, the person has a false sense of The understanding, 
it seems to him that he knows. On Actually, he just has good

proven "cooking recipes" -
standard solutions, Legacy
professionals. If anything, though
slightly changing and KITCHEN RECIPES no longer valid, then it 
starts to feel uncomfortable. Indeed, anyone nice face head-on 
with his own stupidity? It was then and erudite cries of 
"curvature" of equipment, the requirement explanation (and an 
explanation - it's half-measure, which again leads to a 
half-knowledge, because understanding how it works equipment, 
five years teaching at the institute). But it's flowers. 
Berries appear if when a person begins to spread

their buggy program. The first thing cones move in the 
manufacturer computer (well, if the bumps, but it may be rotten 
eggs). But this is only half the problem - you can somehow 
respond (comment on) or simply ignore. The most terrible thing 
starts next. Users somewhere will know that some glyuchok in 
some programmke eliminated by biting foot

with IC or soldering wire or even
something like that. And users begin their own hands DESTROY 
computers. Scheme at the same time, NOT USED PURPOSE, becomes 
dangerous. 

   Unfortunately, those who wrote the program,
poorly understood that, as their distribution, they assume 
certain RESPONSIBILITY.



                                  (C) Nemo
_________________________________________


       Comments firms (c) iSDOS

1. About the drivers ide +3, ide +5 and
instructions. User somewhat outdated. Already prepared a new, 
corrected version as a file. It remains to mark up the layout 
and print. At the moment, the disc comes with a driver ide +5. 
Blk, already installed in the system. Precisely because of this 
driver ide +3 "not wanted" to be loaded. Nowhere is there. You 
can install it, having removed ide +5, or at least,

releasing a number of devices A to H
software dev. Bat-file mem_tu +3 deleted
from the disk, because the new version of the program
ide_tune.com it no longer needs and
can be started without keys and parameters.

2. What about parking the heads. Winchester,
supplied by firms (c) Nemo and (c) iSDOS in
full kit with a controller and software,
do not need it. Although you can use the command "STAND BY" 
before shutting down supply. Standby.com file in the directory

S: SERVICE \ ANALECTA \. Called from the menu
user. As for the old models
hard drive, then I am afraid there is required an individual 
approach. You even mark Winchester is not specified.


3. "... In the description ISDOS stated that
if a program hangs or resets,
then the problem lies in hardware (although it is unclear that 
one could somehow different about this news? Really, it is 
likely question to the developers ISDOS )..."



   - Is it too high you have the requirements for software? How 
do you think the program is running on the wrong assembled or 
malfunctioning equipment will work properly and give advice to 
the assembly of iron? This is, roughly, as demand from the 
operated patients manage the conduct of operations. Computers, 
of which fells the smoke, but while they are muffled voice of 
the cheap speakers continue to dispassionately report

about issues in their own system, there are only a stupid movie 
for young children.


4. "As in KAY1024 arranged memory? A
exactly how the appeal to the top
memory? (Desirable example for assembler'e). "


   - As for example - this is an issue explicitly,
not to the company (c) Nemo, and the firm (c) iSDOS.
We can offer you and all comers, and driver source code, an 
electronic disk, print, hard drive and much more. All prices 
are listed in the file SrcPrice.txt. Driver megabyte Kaya for 
iSDOS Classic edkay1mb.asm costs only 17 rubles. Specific 
examples of custom and with comments as possible but at times

3 more expensive, because more are not wanted.


                       (C) iSDOS, 18.12.99