Breeze #10 21 августа 1997

Железо

Org 3000 - and again on your keyboard to ZX Spectrum: QWERTY vs QWERTY.

        ORG 30000



  In my opinion, this is a unique
case in the history of journalism, when a single article 
written by people with a fully opposing views

on the issues addressed
in it. This is an experiment, and
nothing more. Good or
turned out badly - to solve
you, dear readers.



          (C) Yuri Buravtsov,

            Alexei Mikhailov


    AND AGAIN ON THE KEYBOARD.


  Here, long wanted to sit down for this same IBM PC
KEYBOARD by Scorpion 'D.K.,
and make some good and not very words about it,
the problem of "QWERTY" 's and
"Yaverty, the problem of the Spectrum keyboard as a whole ...


  IBM PC Keyboard and mouse
controller (hereinafter,
For brevity, just "pisishnaya clave") appeared at
I was not so long ago - a month
three years ago. In my opinion,
keyboard - very important
attribute any computer
without proper and convenient
keyboard without a mouse, it is impossible comfortable work in 
any text editors, nor the computer

as a whole.


  In our country there
not so many standards for keyboard layout:
in fact, only "yaverty"
and "QWERTY".


  Well, probably still something wrong, "tsukeng. I believe
it is quite normal
phenomenon and does not intend to
foaming at the mouth to prove
advantage of one hand, a sort through and deal with
shortcomings of another - each
person is free to choose,
as it is more convenient, at the end
all it is his business. But!
Question of the layout of sounds
with new force, when it
comes pisishnyh Claudia,
because they almost all
plotted Russian letters, and
namely, "QWERTY". I'm in the top
naively believed that I could
work on "yaverty" and
pisishnoy clave - theoretically it is possible ...


  However, in practice it turns out that with each passing day
bright red Russian letters
are becoming more and more irritating, and willy-nilly, the 
question arises transition to the new situation.


 And now, I have the "QWERTY" 'e
less than two weeks ...
At first, sometimes
just infuriated - speed
recruitment has fallen tenfold
and the first few days had poskrezhetat teeth ... And then
somehow turned itself: in one
day I realized that there is no turning back - speed "yaverty" 
and the "QWERTY" 'e caught up ... 


  So, the Claudia pisishnaya with
deposited with Russian letters SAMA retrain the "QWERTY", as if 
people did not try to resist! Just the longer resist, the later 
retrained, it will be much more difficult than if it

occurred earlier. That
all the difference. :)


  But to return, so to speak,
to the sources. Why do I personally
needed pisishnaya Claudia?
Well, firstly I needed
Myshak, and I would not
"Poiskovskoe deformity, and
present, nicely pisishnogo Myshak, always with a rug:), in 
short, as all normal people with other platforms. Already

quite a lot of software supports the Kempston mouse, and 
therefore do not use this convenient device and further

simply had neither the strength nor the
desires. Secondly, I have a lot of
work with text, and I
beginning to bore "film" spekovskaya keyboard -
too small, uncomfortable, the arrow keys - to
both sides of the gap
Break no where
need, its only advantage - True / Inv video
located at the right place ...


  One of its main drawbacks is the fact,
that the keys do not "spring"
when pressed, the small size of the keys themselves and the 
distances between them, in Russian mode, some characters must 
be introduced by pressing Two keys (which will still find

such idiocy?), but in order
to change the case for
one such letter, should take first Caps
Lock'om, then a combination of
S. Shift + letter, then again
 Caps Lock - the amount it
easy to accurately and quickly work with the texts. Third, it 
was too tempting to look function keys, tab keys

a la calculator, separately
Insert, Home, End, Page Up /
Page Down, two Shift'a, Escape, etc. In truth, pisishnaya 
keyboard - the experience of many generations people often work 
with texts, knowing what they

to the editor and keyboard for maximum
convenience and speed.


  Co-author of the article, Yuri
Buravtsov is Claudia from
"Robik.


  Those who are familiar with this
the computer will understand that
connecting it to the user Scorp'u
lose the opportunity to enjoy some extended keyboards sets: in
"Robic" Claudia Reed
"QWERTY", but all the keys
have one reed.
The board is PZUha, manufacturing "nonstandard"
keys. Therefore, the Jury had to add a bunch of wires
and reed making Claudia
its integral part and
fully adapted to the
Is-Dos'u that he did not give up even on the clave from
Aspire. However, back to
"Skorpionovskomu" controller.


  As everything that is done in
Recently, on the Spectrum, the controller pisishnoy keyboard is 
not made entirely as it should, and I hope

that its author, reading suggestions, to draw certain 
conclusions ... 


  Let's start from the beginning. Namely, the function keys
who ... for some reason not
involved and is not polled. For each of the existing ROM Layout
is connected in parallel funtsionalnye keys to control the keys 
of the editor or boot'a. For example, in Is-Dos'e: 

 F1 = 1 F2 = F3 = 2 3 ...


  By the way, Is-Dos'e. This
a typical case, when the authors of the software must adapt
by producers of iron.
BE made equally keys PgUp / PgDwn as
the editor, and in the "viewer"! Here is the hardware
the problem is not circumvented. Iskrasoftovtsy, respond! There
several options, such as PgUp leave as ss + Q,
and PgDwn do ss + I. Ie
should issue special
version IsDos'a for pisishnoy
Claudia!


  Let us return to the layout. AND
To begin with, Why
layout for TLW, but no
layout for Honey Commander?? Who now enjoys TLW? Who needs it?
By the way, will not prevent a layout editor Kovalevsky, then 
the people to him irresistibly. In the meantime, there is quite 
inconvenient and poorly implemented with some combination - why 
go against already accepted standards?



  Perhaps not meaningless
to enter individually and cold
hot reset for Scorpio
for example, "Ctrl + Alt + End =
Reset + Left ". Quite often
must be fully "otresetit" machine, and make
This can only be pressing
click "Reset" on your computer and
hold the left arrow -
Ctrl + Alt + Del + Left does not pass.


  It's time to solve the problem
switching of Russian and Latin letters at the entrance / exit 
of the editors. Ie if exit IsEdit'a enabled Russian letters, and

then start editing
new file, start glitches ... Incidentally, for those who
not figured it out yet, as these
glitches are treated: go back to the editor, press both shifta, 
pops window "Change Disk", press Esc, go to the editor

and continue to work normally ... This problem,
Again, should decide
IsDos'a or creators, or
Hackers ...


  There are several glyuchkov in
layouts, for example,
ZxWord'ovskoy confused
up / down keys on the page.


  Suggestions for the digital keys on the right:
some have neither been enabled, LAT, or RUS, when the Num 
Lock'e clicking on digits to the right it should lead to the 
emergence of numbers, not characters.



  All of the above depends
from the software and firmware from PZUhi
controller. Let us talk about the hardware shortcomings.


  Most important one - is "podvisanie" companies in many
prog by pressing the keys. This "podvisanie" may
be either temporary (ie, after a few seconds comp
continue its work), so
and "fatality", when the complex
does not respond even
PHYSICAL RESET (RESET and
arrow pointing left)! In the latter case, only
turn off and turn the power ... And if you suddenly kogonibud 
this happens right in a text editor where in the RAM-disk 
editing text mnogosotblokovy (This has not been - tfutfu!:)? 
What if you have me do, eh? Ship text of every five-ten blocks, 
which increases probability of "Iron" depend on? It's a real -

"Ah-bi-em pi-si-si form !!!".


  But what about connecting the normal Soviet
Kempston joystick? The point
that, at pisishnoy claves,
more precisely, on its skorpovskom
controller, there exists
veSTCh called
"Emulation of any type of joystick: press"  +
 + <One of the digital
key> "- and please have
your feet (in the sense - of hands)
psevdodzhoystik performing
function Sinclair, Kempston
or Cursor. Thing is, no doubt, comfortable. But here is forced 
to I no longer drive to his

guests who are accustomed to "normal" Kempston joystick
lever nature. The point
that the connected controller Claudia most ruthless manner chops
"A stick of pleasure" that is connected to the peripheral
connector. In other words, the most beloved gaming device
loses its real
name, and not for the better.


  And yet, even if your keyboard is quite nepisishnaya
you are satisfied, such as Yuri Buravtsova, but
you are suddenly incredibly lusted fuck pisishnogo Myshak, then 
you still have to buy and Claudia, too, because

that Myshak without Claudia's in this
situation is nothing like
inappropriate krysodroma decoration. It's a WHAT, I'm sorry? Is 
it so resolved questions about standardization? I

think so: the computer must be for a person, not
vice versa. Of course, you can
argue about this,
referring to the West, they say, have
there are "four" stop churning, threatening soon
cease and production
pento. But in fact there appeared a very useful concept, as
apgreyd. If you relate to more
broad concepts HardWare
Sergei Yurevich, discrimination user is obvious: let's say you 
just bought the Scorpion +, and the other

people to buy more non-turbo.
Buy-sell from different
companies in different courses each
just not very profitable. A
because progress is not on the
place.


  But is it doing so civilized manufacturers?
While not disputing that ZS - it
appears to be the best
that could appear in the world
Speccy ...


  But all in this mortal world
imperfect. Consummation
befalls a person only
heaven. Is it because we are so
often use the term
Must Die? ..

 To sum up a little - in
Currently, the people
formed two opinions about
pisishnoy clave. Those who are from
companies primarily need
text editor, without pisishnoy Claudia can not afford
him to submit, because
despite a few flaws, in general, from this
devaysa remains a pleasant
impression, because
just comfortable.
If the author Claudia will take into account the wishes of many 
people vysskazannye us in this article then it becomes more 
convenient, more people would buy it. A second opinion 
prevailing among those Claudia who is buggy in some toys and 
prog in that pisishnaya klava

simple sinkleristu not need ... Well, how many people -
so many opinions.


  Now a more detailed talk about pisishnom "QWERTY" 'e. If the 
Specc'e there are three basic layouts, then at some pisyuke

only the "QWERTY" 's stuff
four ...


  Axiom: "If the key
Keyboard drawn kakayato hook, there is no
guarantee that after you
this key on a computer screen does not appear at
the other hook. "This quote is taken from the magazine
"Hard'n'Soft # 1'96". The Russian market is simply awash with 
keyboard, the keys are printed Cyrillic letters, and symbols 
and punctuation marks for "Russian" regime. Usually

Russian letters nadpechatany
red, sometimes black or
green. If the main part of the Russian alphabet QWERTY
keys of almost all
Keyboard identical, then
punctuation and other
characters printed on
"Digital" keys of the upper
series, there are significant
differences.


  What user is waiting for Claudia?
It seems a simple thing: to draw on the key character -
Press the button and the screen
will this character. But not
far from it.


  The letters on the keys are written in paint during the 
manufacturing process. Painted letters, and dried paint, sealed 
in Claudia box - and was poisoned to sell. Purchased, hooked,

clicked on the screen - the letter.
What? For the appearance of the letters
by pressing one or another
key answers already
computer program, called the keyboard driver. What letter of 
the programmer programmed such and will. To

on-screen characters coincided with painted on the keys, you 
need to compliance with the standard. However, this issue is 
likely likely to zhelezyachnikam so

how are easier to standardize the layout of claves, than
driver, because some drivers
everyone more ...


  Among manufacturers of keyboards, no expression of a 
monopolist, so firmyproizvoditeli ready to support any 
standard, was he standard. For example,

Cherry, after the release of
Russian version of MS-DOS 4.01,
first to announce support
version of the Cyrillic keyboard layout, proposed by
Microsoft.


  Standard should be developed by experts, thoroughly familiar 
with the problem of typing in Russian, who know the specifics 
of typing with the use of computer technology. It is obvious 
that the standard should be formally adopted and approved as

state standard
otherwise he will be very
little chance of widespread, as well as
by large and small
Hard-producers and
SoftWare.


  And so, therefore, in PZUhe
Claudia is one of the controller, and
isdose - another. Hence, we will wait somewhere will be third?

 __________________________