Reply to the letter number 73.

626400 23.08.99


   Hello, dear Captain Nemo!


   I am very glad that did not go unnoticed. I know you do 
without me, Minister of the throat, but you still find time and 
strength to me yet time to respond, albeit with a delay - 
should be Note I did not hurry with the answer :-)



   The conversation goes all well "on problems
Spectrum, however trite it may sound. "Who needs the 101-th 
version of assembly?" Indeed, a preoccupation

there. In my opinion, the problem is that the "public" refers 
to his serious pursuits. Would be enough, of course, one of the 
assembler (the program), but this, so that encoder is not a 
headache of where to place the code so that it did not affect 
the assembler code, how to split the program into parts, to the 
text got into the memory, again, no touching, or even elementary

copy of the text without thinking about
their rooms - all this is necessary, whatever one may say.
Of course, if the program is small, then no special problems, 
but if the number of rows goes in the scale of thousands, 
hundreds of labels, and the size of the text file, even packed 
in the format of the assembler, no longer a kilobyte. Even

I will soon have to make include, well, what I was doing the 
editor in XAS'e, and there You can kill two pages of text by one

program, you can certainly make the program
and more, but then the second page will
buffer, and the debugging process very difficult. Can you 
imagine, for example, 10 include-files and one of them an 
error, corrected something in the first, sr, kept, assembled - 
again a mistake, but writing programs in assembly language -

is, by and large, and there is a process
eliminate errors in this thread is jokes like: "I found the 
last bug!" While there is a process in which a lot easier to 
write small programs than write one - universal, writing such 
programs - a very laborious process, and not everyone has the 
strength to sit down and actually write. All this is compounded 
by the fact that the benefits of the final product will be at 
least if any, will be. All driven by the great Russian, mighty 
enthusiasm. Generally, should be noted that the present 
intelligent assembly yet to be done, even XAS is not drawn to 
this place. By the way, after downloading the text of my 
"editor" of a 32-kilobyte is approximately 6, and in fact I 
have no comments, often do not use the label (he computes the 
displacement), and the writing process has only begun. As long 
as people find it difficult make some great strides, but also

against the wind. That's such a sad story.
Although it could have been worse. Speaking generally about 
programming in the rest of the world ", I must say that is a 
kind of degeneracy, and mud, this is the fault of greedy 
politicians Microsoft / IBM / Intel, but in our home with you 
this whole thing is perceived as a gesture of Lenin in 1917, 
you know, when it points hand "where to go." When our 
leadership, in particular, min. arr., say three cherished 
letters, it condemned not only our education, and even the 
consciousness of millions of people on a huge investment in a 
booming economy the above organizations. All this is terribly 
reminiscent of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, but with large spatial 
and temporal scales. About the time I wanted to say that the 
time - Is a relative term, he lives

inside observer (in person), there is an observer - in no time. 
Ie time - it infinitely thin boundary between the space (the 
substance of the universe) and the mind, as light, only light 
between electromagnetic radiation and matter. All this to the 
fact that the higher the rate of exchange of information and 
its (information) more then theoretically time goes faster, and 
those 300 years can be transformed through the relation

messenger / phone. The paradox, even in everyday life you 
notice that if you somewhat busy, particularly interesting,

Time goes much faster. The Way IBM PC
deadly for the development of programming as a means of 
developing computer technology and the development of thinking. 
In school programs are beginning to appear

parasitic lines, go on sale "computers without floppy drives, 
and in fact a knife in the back ranks programmer -

or via the Internet, or ... have the opportunity to install a $ 
-). Soon we will probably be the buttons on the keyboard were 
missing ... 

   Unfortunately, I do not know about the situation
Spectrum in general, so to speak "in
the country. "I'm sitting here in Surgut. ... One of
sense of Spectrum, the only familiar
I sold my spektrumist rattletrap, spirit
it is, but the money bye-bye. It would be
nice if you would describe the situation,
as possible in public. Namely: Approximately how many people 
got involved, how many vliplo seriously, what nonche mood?

By the way that burnt telly. He was burned
finally. And it's worth it in my room
as a waxwork - an echo of the accursed past. Once purchased the 
monitor electronics 32 WTC 202 (TV without the receiver of 
television signals). The "kit" was and Computer Santaka-48. By 
the way, in addition spektrumista was the same monitor, and he

(Monitor) accidentally burned his Scorpion ZS
256 turbo +. I was lucky a little bit more -
escaped with slight shock. In my monitor
just a rotten sucker to kinescope, and as in the entire series 
"glitch" - coil is too close to suckers and sucker too close to

"Earth." A couple of days all that I have a good poiskrilo, 
clicked, the computer hang out, and I decided to stop it - to 
pacify rebellious. The above diagnosis did not I, but my friend 
electronics - not translated good people on earth Russian. In 
short, we had to work in the old man: a saw, hammer, glue and 
tape. Eternity - that's the motto of our technology. One hurt - 
CRT ticky-tacky, mixed-rays or to hell with screen on top 
doubles the red and blue colors, True, not much, but there is 
still a little bit. ;) To something better needs money. Money

not even on the el. magazines, not that a good monitor. I, 
somehow, are interested in IS-DOS, because ISDOS is not TR-DOS, 
ie anything but TRDOS. In general, it would be nice if on the 
Spectrum spread something like that, something "understands" 
the meaning of the word "driver". The more it's not TR-DOS, the 
better. It should be noted, TR-DOS made in the best traditions 
of the Spectrum - sewn into the ROM, covers the ports of VG93, 
a lot of glitches, the pairing code from ROM BASIC'48 and, as 
always, sverhubogost. The most brilliant idea in

it - is the focus with the ports. When I imagine in my head the 
image of TR-DOS, then I is a driver, so to speak, to work with 
a floppy drive, or authors were simple ... or they wanted to 
implement in the Spectrum Plug 'Play (plug and play play). If 
you think abstractly, "whether my will "I would do in the 
Spectrum ROM, because, in my opinion, especially nothing to 
lose (for I) - a bunch of buggy programmok, bleary-eyed bunch 
of games, mostly hodiloksobiralok. Pops the question: "What 
then remains from the Spectrum? ". Firstly, this processor;

Secondly, a number of people
know the code and want to do something.
TR-DOS is a kind of gravity, not
allows you to jump through the wall of TR-limits. Ie This 
property makes do not even think about jumping, and how you have

said, TR-DOS - a standard (with psychotropic properties of 
gravity, it is instilled hardware gags with the ports). 
Unfortunately I do not know how prevalent ISDOS, and, besides, 
I do not know its technical intricacies, to make

Editor for him. So it was possible to make Editor only under 
the IS-DOS, and deliver only to him - they say, or IS-DOS, or 
.... It would be prompted to creatively busy people to switch 
to IS-DOS. If moved all or nearly all, it would TRDOS

become a relic and "dropped" as
tail - first as DOS, and then he and the
iron can be thrown together with its focus away from ports and 
ROM, so you see, and BASIC will disappear, and the menus in the 
beginning. I'm so two hands "for" a sequence of events. For me 
so to hell with it - with compatibility; this damned 
compatibility - Compatibility with what? With a bunch of junk! 
I'm sure: any spektrumist uses about 2-3 programs, occasionally 
toying as many games, and those who only plays on the Spectrum 
every day less. Of course, I'm not saying that we should forget 
about compatibility in one day, but use this compass is not all 
the way is because with any change in the structure, 
particularly the Spectrum, are geometric complexity (in the 
circuitry, in programs), and it happens regardless [of 
whether], in which direction to go change - whether it be an 
increase in memory or its reduction. Similarly, in the opposite 
direction: when the circuitry necessary change the software for 
compatibility. I I think Fortress "TR-DOS" should be taken by 
storm. The first is the rejection of programming under TRDOS, 
and then refusing to produce computers with the TR-DOS'om 
inside but this step should be done until much later

after the first. Amputation TR-DOS'a simplify programming and 
hardware. If you dive deeper, you'll find more a pitfall, not 
so significant, but still underwater - it's impossible to 
disable the ROM 128-x models ie actual memory address of the 
processor is reduced to 16K (by programming). And now that I 
really I propose: first - throw cry

"Bey reptile!" In the sense of "stop putting
bricks in the wall of the fortress - do not do
programs under the TR-DOS "(mud, everything is
understand what is TR-DOS really).
Second: should publish technical
subtleties of IS-DOS, required for assembly programming. That 
appear in the 5.6-ohm rooms ZX-Format'a clearly not enough to 
create serious programs. Once you read this,

much remains unclear - to work with
files, what a memory free, which
not, etc. Third: do elementary
advertising programs under the IS-DOS; can let a little dezy 
(rumors of a "slightly" exaggerated features, etc.), it should 
act on the passive lamer - The main thing that a person was 
under ISDOS hand, and as he appeared, and why was it not really 
matter. The main thing it is. Fifth: The network should make 
the program under the IS-DOS. I'm not familiar with structure 
of the ZX-NET, but I suspect that without TR-DOS'a it has not 
done. If so, we must make two versions of programs: from

emulating TR-DOS format and pure IS-DOS
Alternatively, without TR-limits and I suspect they are there 
(in the ZX-NET'e) is. Until everything. After these steps, 
TR-DOS soon become a driver for download

IS-DOS'a, and if connected to the screw, then
TR-DOS, in general, becomes a mystery of nature.
And finally, ask anyone
spektrumista: "You know what
TR-DOS? ", You hear three cherished letters.
In addition to these five steps, we must frankly TR-DOS 
humiliate, criticize, poke nose in the gaps, and just pour

mud. Post letters to "working people"
in IS-DOS. If we talk about me personally,
why I do not use ISDOS, the first thing: I
I do not know the subtleties of serious programming, the second 
- not reached buy complete package and the third: very few 
programs and few people who use the IS-DOS, but

Recently what worries me the least,
as I myself could do I needed
program, only here ...


   With regard to global problems. The first article on the 
schedule I had finished, it remains only to correct errors. 
This article about drawing a line without using a ROM

not much, but all parsed
on the shelves, the programs and comments on each team. Second, 
the shells. I understand the shell - it is

a program that is similar to
sort viewer (from the viewer) of the text, and text
in this case - is the information in a clean
form. Unlike the shell of the viewer in
(I understand) that the shell is able to search
keywords, links, including links to the shell with other texts, 
addresses, phone numbers or simply search for the mask (It 
would be nice if it was possible to cut and store the pieces in 
the text file). A theme of the texts: from technical

information to the media to reflect?
So? I understood. And if it is associated with
network? In general, the idea is not bad, if not
say more. From Spectrum may get a body, which rotates a huge 
number of information by anyone or anything not filtered. 
Moreover, the property of the organism will generate new 
information. And users will be actively "broaden horizons", 
while some will be born a society of people who will understand 
the word "information" in a somewhat different light than just 
a philistine. In general, I would be interested to participate 
in this process. For example, to write a shell about the device 
photo editor, on how to develop algorithms for algorithms 
themselves, new approaches, and dismantle all brick by brick. 
Incidentally, these approaches have already emerged: the 
casting, shading in the figures, it is possible that there will 
be more ... Of course, write a shell - it does not drive a 
nail, but Work received fundamental. Despite

that the editor is written ultraslow,
He still is being written. Once done zooming, is 11 times 
faster than in Art Studio ... and without glitches ... The pace 
of writing, will likely increase, regardless of the position of 
the Spectrum, even if let me alone ... Generally, in my mind, 
"chimera" - it seems to me that the Spectrum nobody does, but 
will run some Enlight or Fun Top, and even if even read the 
magazine fresh, something in me there is some optimism, a kind 
of energy, and I start to write something, then

slowly it all goes, and I give up. All of this to the fact that 
if you make some online source for accumulation and exchange of 
information, something type ZX-Net, only on a national scale, 
the "Energy" would not fade. For example, open a gateway gate, 
which not only would be pumped to the files, but would be able 
to generate information that is information is stored on some 
Internet addresses, and you can download it it would be like 
with the Internet, and with ZX-Net'a. This information could be

anything - be it a shell or open letters. But it's all so - in 
a series of "If I had the money" ...



   So, it's time to say goodbye. If you have any questions or 
problems with writing some software for your

Hard'a, I am always happy to help.


   P.S. Those 11 teams (in the implementation of the algorithm 
line) turned in 10 :-) 


   P.P.S. By the way, I would like to ask you,
any undocumented commands do not work on processors that are 
used in KAY, and processor Z-180 (and then I was the editor 
uses SLI and actively halves IX IY) ... 


   P.P.P.S. As always, I apologize for oshipki and lack 
oppechatok :-) 


   Yours sincerely, N.


23.08.1999 Welcome, N!


   About the assembly. Perhaps my comments on the matter will 
be given to naive, because Still, I not a programmer, but try 
to articulate their vision of the problem. 


   Consider a common, global approach to
programming. There is a concept
structured (modular) programming. The bottom line is that the 
final program has several "levels" of representation,

review and operations, ie it represents a structure of software
modules, and the introduction of each module can also be seen as
structure of software modules (ie
idea recursively). Alternative
approach is the "linear" programming, ie, single, "long" 
sequence of commands, confused as noodles in the pan (only with 
selected "Down" routines, because it is implied and supported 
system commands processor). Of course, in pure form

neither one thing nor the other in nature do not occur. 
Therefore, we can speak of a "degree" structured program. (I 
note that we are talking about the representation of its own 
agenda in mind a programmer, since all the processor

single). Actually, this paragraph may be
perceived as commonplace, but further
consideration without him is impossible.


   What influences the structuring of
program, its "degree"? You can, of course,
talk about curves or pens too
straight gyrus. But it is counterproductive
approach, usually such things are taken "to make the brackets. 
Unbiased same effect these "images in my head" provides a 
software environment. To handle recursive file structure, the 
necessary operations on the structure FILE. Purely formal. This 
function OC'i, what is the Spectrum'e absent. This and all these

steep assemblers. As an example,
give OS Wed / M, ie professional
environment. There is a special program:
LINC'er. It does not get around, do not go round. Even
if the file structure is not as such (ie, the problem is so 
simple that This is simply not required), then the system

MAKE still perform this procedure. Even if that LOAD operation. 
Therefore, both in terms of professional software environment, 
which is a CP / M, the user has enough brains to not

shoot a gun on the wheel. And he is able to find a suitable 
tool for solutions. If the task is simple, it is necessary

easy to use BASIC. Generally speaking, the range of tasks is 
sealed with a decrease in the complexity of problems. Ie the 
easier task, so in practice they are more common. There is some 
point at which the the problem becomes a professional, ie,

requires OS'i. Rather, it is purely psychological and very 
personal sense, Wirth, for example, says about 5 thousand

lines of code. Going back to BASIC, is such an example. I 
sometimes have assume some mathematical. objects, such as the 
series. But the problem of this type does not occur more than 
once - twice a year. Of course, I decide it to BASIC, but not in

MATCAD'e. If I was a professional
mathematician, then, of course, I would have enjoyed MATCAD'om. 
In MATCAD'e for daily use is required for solving problems of 
this type for several minutes. In BASIC it takes several hours. 
It seems to be MATCAD efficiently. But it is not. For

In order to study MATCAD, it takes a month or even more (with 
good Mathematics). Moreover,

to once a year to enjoy MATCAD'om,
must be at least a day to "refresh" his memory, ie, recall 
skills. So what better? This is another facet of 
professionalism. MATCAD ineffective in the hands of amateurs. 
Moreover, EXPERTISE in this case, values are not

HAS. Thus, non-professional
Wednesday due to its versatility proves to be effective in 
solving the nonprofessional tasks. 


   We return to the assemblers and TR-DOS'u.
Extremely inefficient to solve professional problems in a 
non-professional environment - and vice versa - the problem lay 
in professional environment. As soon as

people is improved in the assembly,
growing complexity of the tasks. Once
TR-DOS is (strukturno! - and
the whole programming environment), inadequate
problem. This is where it begins assembling. Required 
qualitative change to meaningful structured programming, and it 
is complicated, because should be changed representation of 
views in his own head. Need to be retrained. Incidentally, this 
is the most serious and deep argument put forward in favor of

IBM. There is no universal medium
Completely, and the man he wants to or
No, it is doomed to work in a professional
environment. It is believed that the man (user), directed 
initially to the universal environment (BASIC) is unable to 
STATE cross the line and enter into a professional environment. 
This problem is known as a "dog waltz on the piano." Analogies 
with the study of scales (more difficult and long, but provides 
good performance culture, after all) and

learning and training "Dog Waltz", which gives
quick and tangible effect, but erects
Insurmountable barrier to further improvement.

   In this approach has its devilish
logic. In fact, the state needs
профессионалыкомпьютерщики in the apparatus of control - and 
limited in roundnose closed world of the professional

problems. (It is these and obserayut BASIC on
each corner). At the same indivisible monad
Human-Computer is narrowly specialized and limited, but highly 
professional (for the problems of public administration) and 
very effective (in the narrow direction). This is an ideal 
performers. Spectrum is HOME COMPUTER'om is where this approach 
is absurd. That's why Spectrum and do not like the state. That 
is why injected mass psychosis at IBM, - why spend money on 
training to academic education, why expand the horizons of 
people? Kinema cry of "Girls on a tractor!" and instantly want 
to line up in three ranks on the windowsill. And the fact that 
people trying to use IBM, like HOME

COMPUTER, turn into idiots, it's
anything - the people in Russia are not more expensive than 
dirt - as the saying goes, "chop wood, chips fly."

Planted corn (too technical, however, culture) spaces from 
Sochi to Murmansk, and the trick is done! Well, business as 
usual in Russia! 

   The argument of "Dog Waltz" at a
depth consideration actually stick with two ends. Actually did
no easier to overcome the psychological brink
and get out of narrow professional environment
professional problem-oriented packages (narrowly special!) 
within the scope of universal, non-professional environment.

In practice, this is as follows. If the user occurs IBM
the need to "spank" a fly, that is, to solve a simple problem 
(but from another area), he has to flee to bookstore for 
another "yellow" publication, a month to study it, well then 
... The following "fly." In fact, much-vaunted

universality RS'ki no more than a myth.
Indeed, the apparatus of universality,
the sense that the fraction of a second computer
can be reoriented to absolutely
another task - to replace the package and everything. But
if we consider a complex man -
computer as an indivisible monad (the term
Leibniz - carbon, incidentally, was a peasant,
heresiarch zingy), it appears that
"Replace" the package in your own head with no
so simple. Ie universal use of the personal computer itself is 
excluded ideology IBM, as a professional, first and foremost, 
tools. So As in Spectrum'e growing movement 
assemblerostroiteley (and this is the way to nowhere as 
contradiction between the narrow special assembly tasks and 
versatility OS'i compelling), so IBM is expanding in

mnogostanochnikov movement - people, learn more new packages 
(this is is also a road to nowhere, because range of tasks

as to simplify them sealed - just
physically this is impossible - to use all
packages). So the public beating head against one
the same wall, but from different sides.

   In Spectrum'e now there are a
set OS'e-like programs, ie claim to universality OS'i. They
formed precisely at the points of the spectrum
tasks, where it thickens (it tends to professional productions 
(these problems)). Cursory list: 1) the shadow monitor (in

confidential conversation MOA agreed with
what to make of the shadow monitor
OS' impossible - and in doing so he chided for Zonova - 
supposedly one of the UP YET I do not understand. Poor MOA 
...); 2) MMD - connected network program. (I recently figured 
out how to handled the correspondence - its "digest" in RS'ke 
as there OS'), 3) Assemblers (comments, by virtue of the 
foregoing, redundant), 4) Magazines (here seen the greatest

progress. (At least, the ZX-F technical problems quite clearly 
identified the lack of OS'i in Spectrum'e: on the one hand, they

have sufficient information on
Spectrum'u in general, on the other hand,
They have experience with professional use as Spectrum'a, and 
PC and Omig'i). In my opinion, osepodobnye program you can not 
turn into OS'. First of all, because if (and to) create OC'i 
necessary initially, a priori, to put the goal of a just OS'i, 
with all its attendant requirements: flexibility, compromise on 
speed / memory / feature set, the dominant position in the 
hardware / software. Evolutionary transformation of the above 
programs OS' on I think not.


   And one more note on OS'i. Structured programming, which is 
based OS', affects the social structure / relationship in the 
platform. In OS'i much easier to organize parallel

work. In other words, easier to create
structure of the people, and they appear to be more effective. 
During a "linear" programming, if his brother in a pure form 
"Paralleling" the process of creating software is fundamentally 
impossible. (We are talking about code - music and pictures, of 
course, you can do in parallel.) Ie in OS'i can quickly create 
a finished product - with all its attendant advantages. In 
addition, there is such a thing as corporate objectives. Here 
is an example. Suppose there is some structure of the people. 
They are united by a joint activity. In this environment / 
structure circulating information. Information is the most

diverse: it is both data and commercial information, and 
information management. Her to transmit, accumulate,

process. It is also necessary to ensure
metabolism (the exchange of information, energy,
matter with the exterior, with respect to the structure, 
environment). So, TRDOS for this Does not fit. Whether it's 
IBM, it is inevitable MSDOS, - you can tell the doctor it is 
prescribed. And what is it about Spectrum'e? Requires unifier, 
based on which we can solve these very corporate goals. And 
this again OS'. 


   "" Computers "no drive". - They
quite understandable and logical. The reason -
the non-observance of copyrights. Right
Users on the drive means
some responsibility. First of all,
in music production and modification of information. If this 
responsibility is neglected, then the "computer with a floppy 
drive will be more meaningless than "a computer without

drive. "If copyright law is not respected, then the drive does 
not make sense, - Anyway there is nothing sticking. If

same computer without a floppy drive, but the cartridge, for 
example, it is quite useful, and viable, because mechanism of 
"separating flies from cutlets "(aphorism General Lebed)

ie Member of the money for the software works flawlessly. Do 
you have a moral look to see if it still pay -

and it is impossible to cheat. If you are using - you pay, and 
vice versa, if you pay - that are using. For videopristavok use 
and pay - are synonymous. Therefore, a video deck and progress. 
Soft pay 100% but. In Spectrum'e this parameter is, apparently, 
as a percentage of 15-20%. Ie one legal copy of accounts for 
7.5 illegal, or from 5-7 person pays only one. Not 
surprisingly, the set-top boxes and more popular. As they say, 
Senka and hat. There are even special ways of 
self-justification / samootmazki. Here are the two most common. 
"Raskolnikov's Syndrome." Member, planning in the near future 
become steeper programmer and happiness, thus, Spectrum, allows 
himself to rob initially professionals. He did not understand 
that such read it, first, loses the moral

the right to claim compensation for their
work in the future and, secondly, creates
(Plays) a situation in which he and
will not pay in the future. When soft
valyl shaft from the West - it was immaterial. Now it is very 
important. Excuse N2. "Expensive." This excuse applies to genre 
of choral singing, as marks choir - the word folk. Choir

is typical for Russia. (Recall
Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog.") Words will
following:

   "Expensive Expensive ...

   A-la la, three-ruble "
 Further, the second verse:

   "Expensive Expensive ...

   A-la-la, three-ruble "
 Second verse is different from the first one
that in carrying out the second line of the fingers
make a fan. The first line has a clearly
expressed suggestive nature (of suggestion - Engl. inspiring) 
and executed sweetness. Thus, the audience itself

"A Programming" on what not to buy.
The impact is so strong that even
one who has the money, anyway, under the collective suggestion, 
do not buy. The prices will only grow, sellers / traders 
scatter (ie, the audience reaches the opposite effect - than 
anticipated). There are the first line and it is quite rational 
element. If the buyer says the seller (manufacturer, 
programmer) "expensive", then, in fact, this accusation of 
extortion. Further, the argument is constructed as follows: 
"They robbed us, and we rob them - and have the COMPLETE

Moral right ". When you suggest
"To walk through the market and find a cheaper", then
begin to execute the second line:
"A-la-la, three of the ruble." This line represents the 
"counting the cost." User without having any idea of any of 
the cost structure or their size, however, adds some number and 
gets some results led him to one, the real cost of not having 
any relation. This given as an argument. Refute this

impossible, since person should have
idea of the cost and, at least
In general terms, an understanding of
differences in such concepts as profit,
revenues and wages. (For the majority of all
one.)

   The song, literally, nationwide. And executed not only in 
Spectum'e. Chorus is so powerful that even Nostradamus in the 
16th century, and he heard it. I do not remember what katern - 
but there is an indication that at a certain time in Russia 
will be a terrible cost. Thus, Russia have disgraced even in 
the 16th century. Well, affairs .... Performed would really 
like something in an undertone that is, if you really itching 
to do it. In fact, actually everything in the world with 
respect. There is a productive, constructive [ways] to review 
the situation, but there are unproductive. Like, what's the 
difference, to measure whether a parrot or a boa constrictor 
boa constrictor in a parrot? The difference is there. 

   Reasonableness of price is not determined
only and not on cost,
how to market conditions. A market
situation, on the one hand, such that
Real consumer FILLING
Spectrum'a as good enough for
regular systematic sales. And,
On the other hand, the real, the market price
Labour people buying Spectrum (ie
its users) is not sufficient to fix the high-tech production. 
The price of labor people in Russia, however, and the people 
themselves - no more than dirt. What here computers. Although 
public merrymaking with IBM in paradise "Potemkin villages" 
very pompous. There any ways to increase consumer FILLING 
Spectrum'a? In my glance, this may be a shell. Freeware'noe 
content market, ie filling software for a free copy can be

provide increased financial return
market for copyright software. You can enter
such a measure: at 80-85% filling of the market
freeware'nym product can provide
100% royalties on the remaining 15-20% of software copyright. 
Of course, this limit, at all easy in practical importance that 
should be considered rather as a criterion. Structure of the 
software in the software-to provide a platform change easier 
(or rather, less difficult) than modify ethical properties

users. You can scream to the user
in most prostrate ear that steal
the labor of others is not good, but it will be as
wall of the peas. Such an attitude to the property (in this 
case, intellectual) formed for decades (if not centuries), and 
believing that you can change it for a year or two - is naive. 

   "If you describe the position of
opportunities in public. "In fact, it
probably only partly true. Firstly, it is absolutely complete 
and accurate information about platform has not fundamentally,

as a complex object. Second, since
Anyway, I'm still acting person
with their interests, preferences and
subjective vision. Ie objectivity
- Is also a relative parameter.
Thirdly, the form in which it can be done? Use the technique of 
SSC? What set of criteria for "provisions" and how it is 
adequate? The platform is described by statistical parameters, 
and statistics - a deceptive thing.


   "How many people got involved ..." Firstly,
what constitutes a user? It is clear that
if a person includes the Spectrum on a daily basis,
this user. And if it involves him once a year (and there are 
some)? No faces for accurate estimates. And if a person is 
sitting at the emulator, then? Considered by Russia and 
Ukraine, or include? Or, more generally, the whole world? In 
fact, such a scalar, ie number of users, not just exists. I 
personally use in a variety of situations of various estimates 
- depending on the task. Although the sense in what you mean

This number lies somewhere in the range of 10
up to 30,000.

   "How many vliplo seriously ..." - But this is
general nonsense .... However, something
done. That's before you shell "Open
Letters ". Do you think it gives an idea of the situation?" 
In my opinion, yields. This is a good channel feedback,

no allegation, for the most part
subjective, a Spectrum-figure. (My comments, if desired, in
"Open Letters" can proskipat.)

   "... Fortress TRDOS must be taken by storm." I do not think 
so. In general, all sorts of "cavalry assaults" and 
"shapkozakidatelstvo 'cause, at least distrust. This is 
firstly, and secondly "to break - do not build." Already had: 
"... to foundations, and then we have our, our new world

construct ... "Why is it always ended,
there is no need to explain. TRDOS can and should be
get rid of just evolutionary. ISDOS and TRDOS
there should be some time in parallel. And the new system - 
ISDOS must prove its viability,

The appropriateness and effectiveness.

   "First: do not do ...- programs under
TRDOS ". From the fact that no longer do
program under TRDOS, becomes easier.
It would be better if it started to make
program under ISDOS.

   "Second: the technical stuff" - The
"Assembler" that came with ISDOS'om,
have the needed information. Maybe
and not in the proper amount, but nevertheless ...

   "Third:" ... advertising. " Look at
"Open Letters", see the advertising package, attached to the 
letter .... 

   "Fourth: ... a little dezy. But
do not. Necessary, on the contrary, lowers the quality, 
resources, and system settings. This is usually done through 
negative feedback. You propose to organize a positive feedback. 
This can give Fast, instant effect - well, and further

will be rejection. Increases the risk that
system is not accustomed. And, at least
case, chaotic, avalanche development is unlikely to give a 
harmonious Spectrum'u system. Incidentally, during the 
"feedback" in Spectrum'e (loop delay) - it

year or two. So it makes sense not to bother
and not to break the wood.

   "Fifth: ... network programs." Attempts
convince people in the network feasibility
terminal program under ISDOS'om
made repeatedly. But to no avail - because the MMD - it is so 
fancy program that claims to be the OS'i. In addition, very 
difficult to refuse such a volume is already the work done. 
Need to persuade and to retrain users. In fact, it would have 
to deal MANUFACTURERS modems, as then their direct (though not 
momentary) of interest. But our SP-B producer modems - 
assemblerostroitel - and that's it. 

   And the last. It is not necessary to oppose TRDOS / IS DOS 
as mutually exclusive system. It is possible that this is true, 
then TR DOS really wither away. Probably the same as TR DOS 
simply "uzhmetsya" to the drivers drive. The only thing 
necessary is to insist on formal protocols with TR DOS'om. Then 
these queries can be intercepted, and, again, formally,

treated IS DOS. This is primarily
As for the "points" entry in the TR DOS (turbozagruzchiki). We 
should not forget also, that Spectrum-BASIC and TR DOS - these 
are elements of hardware and software environment focused on 
Universal range of tasks. They must somehow be implemented. OS' 
same - it's all the same medium for solving professional 
problems. If you put in Spectrum'e OS' one - then you can 
easily get the PC to. Most of the people, that ye strive to 
Spectrum'e, improved, namely starting from the universal 
spectrum of tasks and the corresponding software and hardware 
environment. Ie can not "hack" the tail. In addition,

the bulk of literature available in
available in hard copy - a book on
TR DOS and BASIC'u. This is a major resource
and they should not be neglected.

   As for the shells. Difficult
give a general definition of the shell. This is probably really 
tekstonositel. Unlike magazines and newspapers - is a broader 
interpretation of the concept of "text" (this may be a 
compilation of AY-files, and sheet music notation, and bits of 
assm.-files), narrow thematic focus. But the most

the main thing - it freewar'noe spread
and freewar'ny status. Sort of information "corpuscles." 
Distribution of mainly post-mail. If you try to mesh his "pump" 
that they will "Thrombophlebitis". By the way, at the moment

networks that exist locally, across campuses, is now 
discontinuous. Post-mail may they relate to stimulate activity

traders - to strengthen channels of information delivery 
(including commercial varieties). In fact, locally placed on 
the network can assume corporate users - but it is parasitic 
(at least for now) users - they do not obey the copyright 
RIGHT. Like this pack of jackals, tangled together, to steal 
programmers. Where the network is formed, immediately reduced 
to almost zero supply / sale copyright software. Idea is simple 
- to increase the density of information flow (Channel 
capacity) to the extent that block the channel capacity (in 
ZXnet it's impossible). Ie to match the level of development 
Technology these jackals with their moral and ethical 
development. Technological development involves the development 
of appropriate moralnoeticheskoe users of this technology. This 
is a fairly general statement. I think, for example, that the 
aircraft fell would be less if it is respected. Returning to 
the grid, indicate that SP-B grid degrades. Create an 
appropriate (parasitic) structure, they just skimmed the 
available resources and are now sitting on bread and water - 
the network is filled with authentic it Trepov (noise) - 
professionals is not there - their services are worth MONEY. 

   On the other hand, post-mail, through the shells can give 
meaning consumer machines isolated users (not korporirovannyh 
online) and incorporate them into a single Spectrum-information 
space, as well - to reduce their disproportionate share in the 
payment of copyright software (as they are, in fact, contain 
these parasites in the networks, it paying). Freeware'-LIMITED 
status does does not imply a full gratuity.

Mailing will be paid in
including those to be paid and the cost of
media (floppy disk), and the cost of copying. However, the user 
is not forbidden Copy the shell, as well as commercially

distribute them.

   "Nobody and nothing filtered information" - it's noise. 
Filtering of information - this is just one possible ways of 
processing it - discrimination spectrum (the spectrum is 
understood in the broad sense). To help you better understand 
what such noise, bring Hochma chemists from their

professional field: Dirt - is
chemical compounds in the wrong place. "

   Ie If information is not processed,
there will be noise. If the same process it, then
and filtering is also necessary. The essence of the ideas in 
another. Make the elements of information processing does not 
SOSREDETOCHENNYMI and DISTRIBUTION. Likewise, resistance 
measured in ohms and embodied in resistor - just a special, the 
most primitive example of resistance. There are also shallow, 
bulk resistance, as well as the gradient of the resistance of 
the crystal axes (the case of an anisotropic medium). Simply 
put, if there is information environment, then it is 
objectively, in contrast to the subjective components thereof:

people (users). Respectively, and
process will be objective. If the medium
represents a certain consideration (hypostasis - in Russian) of 
a complex object, then it can not be controlled Hierarchically. 
In relation to Spectrum'u This means that the state can not

manage it, much less command. In
However, interaction is possible (interference).

   In general, the Russian state -
it chtoto monstrous. On the other hand,
without a state society can not live, -
and if you destroy it - it will be even worse. Comes to 
cultural anecdotes - all over the world Russian media say the 
messianic (and therefore very dangerous) idea. The truth is 
that this is STATE messianic idea. But the divide is almost 
impossible. Country society and the state - in Russia are 
synonymous. The reason is that in Russia There is only one 
complex system - that state. Although at the moment

It is not so. The Americans managed to induce (on mathematical: 
the induced topology - the topology inherit topology prototype, 
with which she was induced (transferred)) complex system - a 
platform IBM. On the narrow-minded language it is called the 
"fifth column.


   Historical anecdote (for relaxation).
When General Franco (Spain, 30 years)
was to take Madrid, Russian advisers, giggling, pointed their 
fingers at its four pillars, which were very ugly (if not 
more), and asked: "Hey, Franco, you're going to take these four 
pillars Madrid?. "At that Franco replied:" My fifth column - it 
is already in Madrid. "And he was three rights.


   Now I will explain an example of how the state interacts 
with a complex system. You can recall the case with G. 
Seleznev, after his visit to Belarus and the arrival on the 
Internet. And you can lead a more recent example. 

   This incident is known in the SP-B as
"Black Label". One night, awakened Governor Yakovlev. He was 
sleepy, gets out out of bed, and what did he see? A crowd of 
journalists, riot police, the police - and in general 
pandemonium. From the conversation it becomes clear that He 
Yakovlev, by this time committed suicide by a shot from the 
pistol. Imagine it Yakovlev, joy and amazement on the

about it?

   Case it was as follows. This
were weekends, and state-controlled media state is not in 
working condition. At one of the well-visited Internet-sites 
was posted Deza - a description of the fact that most "suicide" 
with different juicy details, giving the fact even more 
convincing. 

   The reasons for the incident analyzed
as journalists money, and specially employed people (I assume), 
appears plausible versions of the mass. A the true "cause" was 
a fairly simple, though lying on the surface. Specify in 
advance that this is just another version, in my opinion, most 
likely. The word probably in fact only possible in this case,

as the concept of reasons for the
Consequently, in the literal sense here.
And can not be, because no concept
subject (in the legal sense). By the way, so the incident can 
not be considered "Legal field" (a favorite term trepologii, 
bird language), because no of the crime. It hardly makes sense

to go into legal details - the essence of
not the case. Complex systems, by virtue of its
probabilistic nature, generally tolerant of legal regulation. 
Otherwise speaking, common language, the law for

They did not write. By the way, again, why not have 
jurisdiction Theft officials as this is theft (Old Russian 
context only!), but not tatba (Old Russian context only!), 
which regulates the Criminal Law. So when box (TV) Durkee and 
frantically shouted: "Let's plant, let us put!", then This 
leads to the sad reflections. So as it turns out to be either 
empty words, or terror, as The law can not regulate Theft (Old 
Russian context only!), But even more so, criminal law. Where 
in the UK is "stealing", it should be replaced with the word 
"Tatba. Theft - the use shortcomings of ideology (or lack 
thereof) in selfish purposes. Tatba same - it is a model

criminal episode. Necessary and sufficient condition for the 
absence of theft is no dirty trick (only Old Russian context!). 
Ivan the Terrible, who himself was not present (he was not 
orthodox, but was a heathen - STATE Russian messianic idea - it 
is his creation, "the Third Rome," - he identified himself with 
the Romans, the Gentiles), in correspondence to the young 
reformers Kurbsky put him in the form: "Blyaduesh,

takmo as CONSCIENCE HAVE leper ...."
The right to freedom of conscience (one of the items
Declaration on Human Rights - on the territory of Russia is 
legal) means and the right to NO. (Since empty set is a subset

in any set, otherwise ceases to be a lot of structure, since 
losing interoperability becomes a non-closed). 

   Example. Kiriyenko once bought a samurai sword and lost his 
conscience, no longer to be Orthodox. It would have nothing if

Had he bought another conscience and became a Buddhist - where 
conscience can have an even more powerful than in Orthodoxy. 
But misfortune - losing one's conscience, He has not got 
another. And he became shameless. Samurai sword is very useful 
- he began to hack them cabbage. Minced rashly, from the 
shoulder - and the sun was beating him in the back. You ask 
where he cut down as much cabbage? Yes, the pension fund for 
old money and old women. Interestingly, Can we identify these 
very old men and old women delay their pensions with the 
activities of young reformers Kiriyenko? A submit a claim to 
it? This is a legal nonsense. It is impossible. And so, as he 
went to the "bomb" with flashing lights, and will ride - he 
NEPODSUDEN. 

   But back to the incident, "Black Label". A few months 
earlier apparatus Smolny has prepared a single order,

which has passed unnoticed. Yakovlev it
SIGNED, knowing full well the consequences.
It was a virtuoso apparatnobyurokratichesky trick 
staroimperskom style (that is is still powder in the flasks! - 
After all, and two hundred years of know-how). Disposal of the 
same was: "Do budget purchases of office equipment to not 
eliminated the problem The year 2000. Translated from the 
bird's tongue bureaucrats are as follows: "Do not buy dark rooms

with black cats inside. "And you go
find this black cat, especially if it
is not there? However, any official
knows that if something is out there
no luck in this very office equipment purchased AFTER THE 
ORDER, then for sure this a black cat he certainly and present.

In other words, this is very painful nastuchat
most circular of the soft spot. And it began ... Sales traders 
(working in Russia on U.S. wages paid out of money in Russia 
uvorovannyh) began to fall dramatically. In Kommersant 
advertisement appeared announcing yardstick letters: Sell 
corrected for issue 200-year ". In MS-Schnick problems started: 
upgrade-chain stopped, began breaking up, and upgrad'itsya .... 
nothing has changed the cost structure in budget organizations. 
What to do? It should be the same for something to do 
"shrinkage and outage" (Usually 5%). In short, threw out 
Yakovlev bureaucratic faustpatrona directly in

Truck (caterpillar) RS-shnomu tank. And zaburlila, boiled PC 
platforms, and the beginning unfold tower - Yakovlev made

very painful to a complex system, it is blocked
her oxygen - Theft budget - and
unfolded .... And you want on this occasion to ask (ask a 
rhetorical question) have specifically employed people: who

judge we shall do? Someone to plant? Officials,
which have ceased to steal (or rather, have become
do it differently)? Or traders
who stopped receiving stolen
money? Or accidents RS-Schnick, fifth
column, which could not uvorovat uvorovannoe for the next 
upgrade? Or this same tank?


   I would like to have, ie, initiate
complex system that would objectively
reflect the interests of the listed people.
And no American interests in Russia and
interests of our krezigosudarstvennosti
(Which are already represented in abundance).
If we consider the Internet as a prototype,
you can specify the following (however,
consciously) the provisions in the axiomatics of its 
construction. Corresponding to this network can only recipients 
of information (or the network is used for a friendly exchange 
between two nodes, ie, little differs from the cellular voice 
and phone). Network is unstructured, free search for 
information unproductive (Search engines, usually ineffective). 
There is no PROCESSING information from the environment as such.

Network represents a monosredu with zero crosstalk (now the 
Internet can be considered as a plate pure silicon, which has 
no impurities, no structures defined by these impurities). 

   Essentially dominated by a technocratic approach, in which 
the network is regarded as an exclusively technical 
environment. (It is described in the technical terms, is 
provided only technical characteristics, the main backbone 
elements are only technical devices, components, assemblies and 
facilities.) Alternative approaches can be considered an 
approach where basic network element (node) is an indivisible 
complex (monad of Leibniz) the person - computer - with innate

motivations, subjectivity and spontaneity. Crosstalk (viscosity
medium with respect to the information) was adopted initially 
zero. Moreover, perhaps averaged over the whole structure of 
crosstalk is the optimal value. This is necessary for the 
structuring of the environment. Node in this environment, 
basically has the right to: a modification (addition, 
modification and enhancement (by multiplication of messages to 
adjacent nodes) and the destruction of information). 
Information can also distributed and bypassing (via adjacent

nodes) in the case of blocking / destruction of any unit or 
group. 


   "Live the source for the accumulation and
exchange of information. "It rests on the
money. This is, in principle, it was - it was
"Inforkom" with its hard copies - books. I think now it's 
impossible for financial reasons. Archiving (storage) of 
information is not as easy as it seems. The price of storage, 
access time (Search), to recharge - like all

to do this? I would not want to drag in here online, as this is 
the right way to the emulator. Man sitting at the emulator, 
reminds me of the person reading Quran in the Orthodox church - 
or vice versa, the Bible and New Testament at the mosque. At 
the However, the Internet can be used as

transport medium (well, as the phone / modem, for example). 
Besides the Internet in Russia - a public resource. Access to 
it have only those who are employed the state of PC-to. 
Ordinary citizens, and especially from the provinces, it can 
not see how their own ears. Ie in Spectrum'e Internet can not 
be a system-resource. 

   Archiving is possible, in principle, have
any user of a hard drive.
More difficult to access and search information. If the status 
is freeware to fix and will be accepted, then this will be the 
price access (the cost of mailing + media +

copy) - for the moment, it
approximately (approximately) 10-15r. Time
access (time of mailing post-mail'om) -
this week to a month (depending on
mandatory reporter). Such a price for 1 MB of information and 
such a long time - It is not so bad, but something even

well. This will contribute very
effective use of technology.
(Again, not in a technical sense. On the Internet, for example, 
every second electron is pornoinformatsiyu. Probably 97% of the 
information in it circulating, it is possible to and large, 
considered noise). On the other hand, it is still more 
effective than, For example, the exchange of hard copies 
(book). The book is now worth (excluding shipping costs) p 
30-50. 

   "If you have any questions
or problems with writing some software for your Hard'a, then 
I'm always happy to help. "


   I am very grateful for the offer of such a plan. However, to 
realize this is difficult. Let me explain why. 

   1. Not all problems can "isolate" from
the overall context of work on KAY'yu. More
such a case - the exception than the rule.

   2. As a rule, you must carefully
follow (in charge) for the work in the chosen direction 
(problem) - for this requires constant contact - and it's 
expensive for me and for you. 

   3. I do not want to offend you, but people who write 
programs under the Spectrum, as a rule, tend to be routine, 
undervalued jobs (which is 95% of labor costs - and no one 
Medal of Honor on his chest does not hang, and here will find 
fault). They are usually not focused on the end result (a

rather the process) to be
achieved within the stipulated time frame. They also
different scale of values. Peak results
appreciated them more than the ability to
systematic effort (work). Conceptual limitations (scope - that 
is, subordination of a sufficiently general vision of the 
project) are sacrificed to "beautiful" inter alia, that damages 
the integrity of the project. Typically, this lone, poorly 
suited to teamwork and the inevitable compromises and mutual 
tolerance "eccentricities" and "Fad" of each other. Sociability 
is at an age thing at all acutely scarce. In addition, they 
tend to be strongly overestimate their self-esteem and confuse 
the existing capacity of its implementation (which may or may 
not be, because realizing the potential - it is a complex 
process that also requires certain personal qualities). 

   4. Apparently, you have offered their services selflessly, 
ie Simply put, "for nothing." In line with popular opinion - 
"Do not look a gift horse in the mouth." In fact, experience 
shows that it is easier and better in some way pay for the 
work. It gives the right to seek and obtain a result that is 
required, but not what "God sent". In essence, from human

requires not only qualified as a professional attitude, or so on
worst, a semiprofessional attitude to their work. Often people 
have to learn (not programming, of course, but to work). Work 
program in Spectrum'e - are two big difference.


    Once again, that in no way
I do not want to offend you. Moreover, I have taken
note. Yet the above -
it is rather summed experience of my work with the programmers.

   "What are the undocumented commands are not
work. "It's a good question. Say
chtolibo specific about this very
difficult, and does not make sense. Use of undocumented commands
In my opinion, it is generally a bad taste in
programming. If it is significantly
necessary, you should check the program (the entire program, 
not program fragment!) on the target machine. Expression

Do not work in reality is not quite
true. More accurate to speak - are performed by
differently. (As you know, it's very bad,
as reduces software compatibility).
In addition, I have a great suspicion that the specific 
implementation of the undocumented commands is not completely 
determined by its own processor - but may, for example, depend 
on how it is inclusion - and specifically what, why, and why 
depends - to find out is almost impossible. 

   In processors Z180 non-masked interrupt is generated when 
the processor 'runs into "with" seditious "CPC - 
TRARpreryvanie. 

   Generally speaking, the growth efficiency (density code) 
Software drops it Reliability - if you are using undocumented 
commands. Probably, the strong desire undocumented commands can 
be used in toys in application programs, even in the drivers

at worst. But in system programs, and even more so in OS'i - is 
contraindicated. 

   My distrust of the undocumented
commands can be easily explained. One
case when the firm-manufacturer guarantees the algorithm of the 
command. Other matter if it is established empirically that

such a CPC leads to a certain algorithm. Nobody can guarantee 
that this most CPC always correspond to this algorithm. Maybe 
it complies with probability of, say, 99.99%? - And sometimes

suddenly at any particular vector
processor state will take and even take into account
suddenly - for no reason, no reason at all, - the state, for 
example, register IX-IY. Experienced by a chance to catch 
IMPOSSIBLE.