Pages of history - Lviv Spectrum: a little background.

 History pages
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(C) 2002 Igor Bozhenko                  
(R) 2002 Sergey Loboda (RGB/PG/P7S)     
                                        
 Lviv Spectrum:          
 a little background.          
                                        
 "...This work, Vanya, was
                   terribly huge -
                   Not enough for one!"
 N.A. Nekrasov
                                        
 "There are no others, but those are far away..."
 A.S. Pushkin
                                    
this story consists of a story
(very brief and subjective) o
institution, in the depths of which
was Lvov Spectrum. A she began
back in 1945, when several arrived
who were hired to work at the Lviv Polytechnic University
nals and engineers were organized under one
from his departments a small scientific
research laboratory (Research Laboratory).    
                                        
    Then from Russia and Eastern Ukraine
to create in Lviv some kind of"intellectual
thermal layer"was aimed at
work of many specialists in the most
various fields of science, technology, culture
and others. It was they who created Lviv’s glory
some kind of "intellectual center".  Well,
and how does this layer feel?
LvovNOW - you can guess for yourself.
But that's another story...            
                                        
    The establishment we are talking about
speech, during its history has undergone up to
there are many stages and names:     
                                        
    - NIL;                              
                                        
    - NIS-1;  - Department of electronic measuring and
computer technology (OEIBT LPI);     
                                        
                                        
    - Special kohctpyktopckoe bureau (OKB
EIBT);                                  
                                        
    - and, finally, a scientific researcher-
National University Institute
"Lviv Polytechnic" (NDKI ELBIT NU
"LP"). So, for simplicity, we will call
just call it OKB.                    
                                        
    It was organized by academician Kharkevich,
then it was headed by corresponding member. Kapah-
deev, a in the early 60s OKB (and at the same time - and
Department ComputersPolytechnic) was headed by prof.
cop Benzion Iosifovich Shvetsky (unofficial
cially - Benya), worked there since the day
grounds.There was this Benya,as you can guess-
to be a very colorful personality: pa-
there was a bot for him - EVERYTHING,he spent the day and
spent the night at OKB and, according to OKB'shnyle-
Gendam, worked in his office in Pi-
jame and slippers, and at the pulpit
and he could only be found at home "by
big holidays." Here are a couple of his high-
statements included in the code OKB'shnyhle-
Gen:                                   
                                        
 - Petro! Where are you going so early, also
no midnight!                           
 - Excuse me, Boris Iosifovich, I just-
go buy a bun!                      
 - You need to work, not eat!        
                                        
 - Robert! You're drunk as a pig again!
    - Sorry, Boris Iosifovich, more
I won't!                                
 - A-a! So you really are!..      
                                        
    And here are my own bocnomuha-
nia:                                    
 - Bozhenko! Again you stand in the corridor and
xuxukaete! And the work is worth it!!!            
                                        
    And this despite the fact that there is no urgent
I didn’t have a job at that moment.     
                                        
                                        
    Let me give you a couple more of his statements:
this time - quite serious:     
                                        
 - There are certain rules
games, and they must be respected...           
                                        
 - The tragedy is that people
We haven’t really figured out how it works yet
transistor, but they already need c microcircuits
medium integration switch to micro-
large integration schemes.               
                                        
    In a word, he was like this S.P. KOROLEV
local scale. OKBwas for him -
his large family in which he was such
patriarch.  This is what determined
work atmosphere inOKB.                 
                                        
    In the mid-80s he was from the management
tvaOKBotctpaheh (officially - as per possible
growing, and unofficially... For example, not-
how many of his relatives “left”), that
in speed and brought him to the grave.        
                                        
    His lab managers were a match for him
(many of them have already died, some
left). I will tell you only about one of them.
                                        
    Leonid Ostapovich Malets headed the
OKB laboratory involved in display
technology.  He was also an "alien", but
not from the East, but from the West - from Przemysl.
                                        
    The fact is that after the war in Lviv
another wave of migrants poured in -
Ukrainians expelled from Eastern Poland
shi.  And the attitude of the aborigines to "otim lem-
kam", I must say, it was even worse than
to "otim cheating".  But this is something else
history...                              
                                        
    So, this kid was one of
largest specialists in the Union in dis-
play.  Enoughsay that he was
I personally know Norbert Wiener himself.
But neither with his family nor with his work -
it didn’t work out, and as a result he drank himself to death,
was removed from the management and shortly after that
died.                                   
                                        
    He was replaced by Orest Kozevich.  Here y
This is the Kozevich that the creators worked on
Lviv Spectrum - Zhenya Natopta and
Volodya Dobush.                           
                                        
    But let's return to Bene.  Circle it (and,
accordingly, itsOKBand departments) coc-
provided a variety of digital electronic
but measuring technology. Under his pyko-
the industry created unique ones, like on
that time, oscilloscopes, voltmeters, bat-
meters, frequency meters, spectrum analyzers.
A computer - it was insofar as.
But, nevertheless, Benyawas one of those who
knew how to “keep his nose to the wind” and, as soon as
when the first ICs appeared in production,
began to think about working on PC. At the department
pe young accuc-
awnings Slava Gnativ and Viktor Trotsenko. AND
under their leadership in the early 70s
student  Valera Popkov (within the student
academic scientific work, and then a diploma
design) made the first layout
personal educational microcomputer PUMA. Here
The history of the creation began with this model.
niya PEVM in Lvov.                     
                                        
    Then work on PUME in particular and
on microprocessor topics in general there would be
whether continued in OKB. We worked on this
topics, almost all laboratories
OKB.                                    
                                        
    In particular, overPC-01 "Lvov" PC
together with the students led by him pa-
botal Volodya Puyda. With onefrom the then
Moscow exhibitions he brought Japanese
gaming computer "YAMAHA", which and
became the first serial desktop PC,
appeared in  OKB.  With this "YAMAHA",
by the way, another one is connectedOKB'shnaya legen-
yes, based on a real case.      
                                        
    When I brought my minor toOKB
daughter play onYAMAHA,for six hours
later, to tear it away from the computer,
four men had to grab her
by the arms and legs and take him outside.        
                                        
    While working on a microprocessor topic -
tikoy OKB close cooperation was established
nothingness co Lvov Research Institute of Radioelectronics
no medical equipment and c Kayhacckum poly-
texom  (with which we are generally closely
collaborating in a variety of directions).
                                        
    Work onPK-01 andSpectrum were
completed almost simultaneously, and
the question arose: which of them should be given
respect and launch into series?  There was a choice
made in favor of PK-01.There were a number of
subjective and objective reasons, but
the main thing, in my opinion, was that
Spectrumwas too labor-intensive
debugging it. And no wonder!          
                                        
    When microcircuits work to the limit
speed (and even beyond its limits -
mi) when synchronization is carried out
using RC-chains about which macco-
Can we talk about production?       
                                        
    However, for the sake of fairness it should
admit that PK-01 also sinned in the same way,
especially its RAM, but still - much
to a lesser extent.                        
                                        
    Of course, it was possible to arrange the release
Spectrum in the form of sets "Do it yourself" -
since this was what Clive himself envisioned
Sinclair. And this was done, but already
not at the “state” level. A themselves
developers of the first domestic
Spectrum at the same time they remained on the sidelines,
nothing to do with it... As if they weren’t there at all
existed.  Well, it soon flooded
"wave RS", which generally swept away everything and
everything that preceded it.                
                                        
    That's how it turned out that our Spect-
room  initially became... (I don’t even know
how to say - semi-underground?.. elitist-
nom?..) In a word, a computer for
exactly a narrow circle is enough qualified
dedicated lovers.                     
                                        
    And now, to sum up all this use-
torii, let's ask ourselves: is it possible
Should Hatonty and Dobusha be considered the only
the creators of their Spectrum? Of course,
it's possible, but...But!Let's remember how
what powerful company did they work with and with whom?
collaborated.  What a powerful information
naya and consultingsupport was y
them.  A connection to a household television
py?  A post-layout design of circuits, their
installation and debugging?  A design,a construction
topcko-technological questions, simply
access to the complete set, finally?         
                                        
    And that’s why, when I’m now
They say that this is just some Zonovv
alone, almost by God's illumination,
came up with a scheme Spectrum in the domestic
ny components, and then, almost y
himself on his knee, made it and spread it
Nile in towns and villages - it remains for me
just shrug your shoulders. Of course, create and
spread your own image -
this is also a big deal. But nothing more.
                                        
 * * *                  
                                        
 Comments from the editor:       
                                        
    Yes, in many ways the author of the article is right. B
in particular, that "famous geo-
Research Institute" - these are often only talented pyko-
drivers and organizers capable of mobile
Leverage your strengths and those of your team
into the channel necessary for productive pa-
bots.  I don't want to say that these people
I don't have any engineering talents, but
a major project, such as the development
ka and "introduction to the masses" of the computer is not
pull one person.  Even himself
to the most talented engineer. That's how you-
It is rumored that often nature"engineer"zat-
shows in kind "businessman". Last
has good organizational xbat-
which, for example, is supported by “name” and
thick wallet.  However,"businessman"
often has such a bad quality,
like "urpahue" to the public. It may not be enough
be interested in the project itself (in our case
"new computer")  - the main thing is that this
brought money. As soon as the project is
is gaining popularity and, accordingly, does not
brings money, "businessman" does everything
possible to close the project.         
                                        
    On the one hand, this does not allow
get fixated on one thingbut with another
hand, it is not possible to “squeeze all the juices” out of
every new development. It turns out like this
that the growth of, so to speak, “iron technology”
gies" is outpacing the growth of "programming
technologies", which, it seems to me, you
calls for that same hopeless glitching,
incompatibility and brakes.              
                                        
    But we have moved away from the topic that was presented.
lived the author of the article and which, in my opinion,
has not yet risen on the pages of the spectrum
Moscow press. Can we call "ge-
swarm of Spectrum "man, only because
that he was able to mobilize the strength of other people
come on, reinforce them "common cause" mathematics
real base and equipment for implementation
bringing the computer to the masses? And can we
thereby ignoring his command,
people whose names we often don’t know?
Definitely, in the range "yes -no" i,
for example, I can’t answer...