Thermonuclear is a disease of generations.

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* Fusion is a disease of generations. *
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*sopolymer*
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Nowadays, when development
traditional energy has "survived"
in recent years, the question of
future life of humanity
is put especially sharply. In connection
with an unplanned reduction in
reserve potential of fuel re-
resources, implementation occurs like this
called alternative energy
genetics in industry and
residential complex of countries. Prospects
There are many further developments,
but not all are exit-
house  For example, hydroelectric power stations, which are up to
recently were considered valid
an alternative, welcome
to mass flooding and
swamping of fertile lands,
besides, the choice of territory is one
on one of the most difficult tasks. Very
convenient and economical to use
tion of solar energy, but for
compensation for the full balance
belt power system
required area allocated
for the construction of solar panels
ray, a quarter of the globe.
Hydrogen energy is all in
more exposed
to the attention of scientists, but in its own way
ty system for obtaining and applying
hydrogen is "circular"
howl", that is, with complete repeated
the first conversion cycle
initial raw material product,
thus the use of
portly energyimply-
there is no loss-free system
energy, in other words, with efficiency
equal to 100%, this refutes
many laws of physics, poetry
Therefore, at the modern level,
developments in science and technology, and in particular
the possibility of obtaining hydrogen, wants
wait for the best.  The main prospect
tiva in my opinion is
the use of thermonuclear reactors
ditch powered by deuterium.
It is this path of development that I am committed to.
I give preference and briefly high-
I appear in this article.
  ITER, as a development prospect
  tion of thermonuclear energy.
ITER - international thermonuclear fusion
ny experimental reactor,
built as an experiment
cop.   This reactor is
the first nuclear installation to operate
melting on deuterium-tritium
mixtures.
 In July 1991, the participants
were stuck in developing the final
of the reactor engineering project
ra. This stage was completed in July
le 2001
 The basis for the ITER design
the setting "Current" was adopted
poppy", developed in Russia.
To obtain energy in a reactor
the development of thermonuclear fusion using
Two isotopes of hydrogen are used:
deuterium (heavy hydrogen), co-
which has one additional
neutron and tritium are two complementary
body neutron. These nuclei "merged"
are being" highlighting a huge
amount of energy.  For example,
ordinary hydrogen, which serves
fuel in thermonuclear reactions
in the depths of our Sun, enters
in the synthesis reactionmuch honey
lazier.
 A very important factor is that the top
easy for synthesis reactors
coavailable.  In nature, deuterium
contained in water: one of every
breath has 6700 hydrogen atoms
deuterium core. Tritium is distributed
less strange.  It's radioactive
and has a half-life of 12.3
years, thus in nature in
not found in large quantities -
Yes.
 ITER will be the largest of
ever built "tokama-
kov" in the world:
its height is 25 m.
The plasma camera will have
width 4.3 m and height 8.4 m.
According to calculations, ITER will be able to generate
build a capacity of 1000 MW.
The current in the plasma should reach approx.
lo 25 million amperes.
Deuterium-tritium temperature
the mixture should reach at least
at least 50 million degrees (even
temperature at the center of the Sun - approx.
15 million degrees).
 Deuterium-tritium mixture is pre-
is a plasma - electric
chemically neutral gas consisting
from positively charged nuclei
and negatively charged electrical
thrones To hold the plasma
16 D-shaped superconducting
magnets will generate
strong toroidal magnetic
field.  These are the largest super-
conducting magnets in the world -
14.8 m high and 7.1 m wide
well.
 The superconducting wire finds-
at a temperature near liquid
helium (minus 269 degrees
Celsius).
 The superconductor will be capable
carry a current of 35 thousand A;  in every
the magnet will have 240 turns of this
wires.
 SoThus, this system will
det is capable of creating magnetic
field is 200 thousand times stronger than
the average magnetic field of the Earth.
 The heat leaving the plasma is
children are carried along the power lines
magnetic field lines to the top
and the lower part of the plasma chamber
ry.  Here is a special system
plates, called a divertor,
takes power around 100
MW. Thermal load reaches
25 million W/m2.  (For comparison:
average solar radiation, dos-
pressing the Earth's surface, sucking
only delivers 1300 W/m2.)
 The essence of magnetic confinement
is as follows: in a vessel
The thermonuclear mixture is cooked and you
shares energy from the reaction (only
its temperature is millions of degrees
souls, so the wall should
be isolated by a magnetic field
plasma to prevent
rhenium when creating magnetic
fields, passing current through the winding,
which heats up and loses
a lot of energy, so you need
superconductor for wire
skeins, for a superconductor you need
at ultra-low temperature -
about minus 270 degrees, so
artificially induce superconducting
current state, for insulation
plasma requires a powerful magnetic
new field, which, according to
equations of electrodynamics,
seeks to break the coil of it
creating, in addition, on the reel
from the plasma side comes neutron-
emission, which on a single
tsu reactor power 100 times
more than in a reactorin fact
nuclei, the number of neutrons in
10 times more and the energy of each -
14 MeV, not 2 MeV as an average
based on the fission spectrum of uranium
or plutonium).
 For all these reasons
"pan" suitable for cooking
Researching thermonuclear plasma is not easy
create, but in principle the task
can still be solved at the reactor
"ITER" is carried out with 1 GW of power
tee.
 And of course the plasma in this case
the tea is hot, it's just too small
density: according to the equation P=n*k*T
it is easy to see that even plasma,
thousand times more rarefied
than ordinary air, creates a
personal pressure in tens and hundreds
no atmosphere.
The reactor is of the order of 5 Kev
temperature (1 Kev = 11605000
degrees) and concentration 10^15 in
cubic centimeter, although
ordinary air - 10^19, but in re-
actor even such concentration
creates decent pressure, higher
which the shell cannot withstand
ka.  In this case, the holding time
plasma duration on the order of one second
should be sufficient to
have time to gain more energy
what went into heating it.