ACNews #31 26 июня 2004

Doubts - The growth of population in various countries. Soil of the lunar maria.

                            DOUBT


                                Fools and people around the 
limited 

                                believe, because they can not do

                                explore.

                                                       Belinsky


               1. Population growth in different countries

I hear the following statements, apparently inspired by
propaganda: 1. Europe's population is declining, 2. The 
population of the Russian Federation reduced even more, and by 
2050 there shall be no soul. So, this, comrades, not true. The 
numbers correspond to the millions of people in different years:


Spain: 1977: 36.2; 1980: 37.4; 1984: 37.7; 1993: 39.1
France: 1978:53.2, 1981:57.8; 1983:54.25, 1993:57.8, 2003:60.4
Germany: 1977: 78; 1979: 78; 1983: 79; 1993: 81.2; 2003: 82.4
 (Germany = Germany GDR + + Zap. Berlin)
UK: 1976: 55.9; 1980: 56.0; 1983: 56.1; 1993: 58.1
Italy: 1977: 56.3; 1980: 57.0; 1982: 56.5; 1993: 57.2
Poland: 1978: 35.0; 1979: 35.4; 1984: 36.8; 1993: 38.5
Russia: 1956: 113.2; 1979: 137.6; 1981: 139.2; 1989: 147.0;
 1994: 148.4; 2002: 145.2; 2003: 147.1

And for comparison:
USA: 1976:217.7; 1981:229.0; 1983:232.6; 1993:258.2; 2003:293.0
China: 1978: 975, 1981: 996, 1982: 1015, 1993: 1179; 2003: 1299
 (In the last two figures, apparently subtracted Taiwan (ok.20 
million) and the last one added on Macau (<1 million). But, 
maybe, Taiwan, and there back there. Here you can get confused.)


And finally, "record":
Turkey: 1977: 42.1; 1980: 45.4; 1983: 47.3; 1993: 59.9

So that the demographic problem now is
not in the extinction of the population, but in its excessive 
reproduction. Humanity can drown in their own excrement, as 
elegantly put M. Lebedinsky. 

I can suggest a way to fabricating the numbers showing on the 
contrary, extinction: from the year the census allow registered

Birth and death subtract registered and emigration. Because, 
unlike birth, death records all the (dead bodies, as usually do 
not disappear), and immigrants (eg refugees from neighboring 
countries) in this method of counting does not take into 
account, we will probably negative growth. And a small 
popravochki, for example: death of a tourist and register 
on-site and in his homeland. 

Mysterious jumps of the population of Italy, France and Russia 
are explained or different methods of counting, either 
consciously noisy information from a single (state) 
istochnika.Prichinoy noise and misinformation may be the 
demographic policy aimed at population growth. Growth of 
productive forces and the army, of course, advantageous to the 
State from the political (but not ecological) point of view.


Table constructed by:
Small world atlas, MA: GUGK, 1980;
Yearbook of the TSB. 1982, Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1982;
Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary, M.: "Soviet encyclopaedia Diya, 
1984; Countries in the world, M.: Politizdat, 1984;

STS ("Modern Collegiate Dictionary), Moscow: Russian
 Encyclopedia, 1996;
Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary, MA: Penguin Books, 2003.
Lenta.ru (the exact link is unknown to me)


                     2. Soil of the lunar maria

SES:
Apollo ... To "AA-11" carried out 1-I landing on the Moon (N.
 Armstrong, E. Aldrin, 1969).
"LUNA" ... "LA-9 made the first soft landing on the Moon (1966)
 ... "AL-16" gave the lunar soil to Earth (1970);
LUNAR SEA ... occupy 16% of the Moon's surface;
"Surveyor" ("Surveyor") ... In the 1966-68 run 7 "C.".

Yu F. Siegel. The substance of the universe. M.: "Chemistry", 
1982. p.99: Fairly complete chemical analysis of lunar rocks 
(on the scattering alpha particles) held American stations such 
as "Surveyor". Here what results were obtained (in%):



           Soil of the lunar maria Lunar mainland soil
SiO2 49.1 46.1
MgO 6.6 7.0
FeO 12.1 2.5
Al2O3 14.7 22.3
CaO 12.9 18.3
Na2O 0.6 0.7
Ti02 3.5 0.1 (probably 3.1,

                                             of $ 100 - AK)


p.101-102:
For clarity, shows the mineralogical composition and density (in
g/cm3), the most typical of lunar rocks brought from the three 
sea areas (in AL Turkevich, 1971): 


                        "Luna-16" "Apollo 11" Apollo 12 "
Pyroxenes 42.3 63.1 43.6

   enstatite MgSiO3 13.2 12.9 6.3

   wollastonite CaSiO3 15.5 30.6 20.3

   ferrosilit FeSiO3 13.6 19.6 15.0
Feldspars 4.28 2.22 9.24

   albite NaAlSi3O8 2.9 2.2 2.3

   anorthite CaAl2Si2O8 25.5 20.0 22.6
Olivine 21.8 - 24.8

   forsterite Mg2SiO4 11.6 - 15.4

   fayalite Fe2SiO4 10.2 - 9.4
Ilmenite FeTiO3 7.6 14.7 6.8


(The density still not given, but we do not need.)
Systematically adding these percentages (with coefficients 
corresponding to the periodic table and the formulas of 
substances), we obtain: 


        "Surveyor" Luna-16 "" Apollo 11 "Apollo 12"
FeO 12.1 14.2 13.7 14.0
CaO 12.9 9.0 13.5 10.3
MgO 6.6 7.2 3.2 (?) 6.8
TiO2 3.5 2.8 5.5 (?) 2.5

Is it an accident that in the samples of "Apollo 11" was in two
times more titanium and two times less magnesium than specified
to express laboratories Surveyor "and samples" Luna-16 "and" 
Apollo 12 "? Judging by the well-known staff, Neil Armstrong 
took the ground does not hands, and the special electoral 
exercise should not byl.Neizvestno circumstances in which 
samples of Apollo 11 "were provided by chemists. Can not say 
that the substitution could not occur, because, they say, the 
elemental composition was already known by Surveyor " and 
manufacturers of ground, no fool, would have to meet it. None. 
Was known only element, but not the mineralogical composition, 
and need to know precisely the second. (In the samples of 
"Apollo 11" is not olivines, and the required percentage of 
iron is maintained by ferrosilitu and ilmenite.) I do not know 
well what the range of properties of the soil (this issue dealt 
with a series of lunar mobile apparatus Lunokhod - 1970, 1973). 
According to the table, "Surveyor" - Small (from another ten?).


Arrival - should all know!

                                                        A. 
Encoder